Management and Graphical Front Ends - Assignment Example

Data base management systems 16/11 Freeha Alpe Engineering Sagl Introduction About MySQL Uses Platforms and interfaces Management and graphical front ends Official workbench Third party Command line Deployment Features Distinguishing features Product history Future releases Support and licensing Corporate backing history Forks of MySQL MySQL versions References Introduction Camberwell is one of the world’s famous art and design institutions, which welcomed students to South London for over a century, many of whom have stayed on in the area making it the place for artists to live and work. The Camberwell College of Arts, which includes Icon Gallery, has an international reputation for high quality teaching by leading practitioners – teaching that has put artists and designers on the road to international prominence and many others on the path to fulfilment in their chosen practice. Following significant expansion the Gallery is undertaking a major review of their informatics system and decided to design, build and test a relational database management system. The Gallery has selected MySQL as database management system. About MySQL is a relational database management system (RDBMS)[1] that runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases. MySQL is officially pronounced /maɪˌɛskju:ˈɛl/ ("My S-Q-L"),[2] but is often also pronounced /maɪˈsi:kwəl/ ("My Sequel"). It is named for original developer Michael Widenius daughter My. The SQL phrase stands for Structured Query Language.[3] The MySQL development project has made its source code available under the terms of the GNU General Public License, as well as under a variety of proprietary agreements. MySQL was owned and sponsored by a single for-profit firm, the Swedish company MySQL AB, now owned by Oracle Corporation.[4] Members of the MySQL community have created several forks (variations) such as Drizzle, OurDelta, Percona Server, and MariaDB. All of these forks were in progress before the Oracle acquisition; Drizzle was announced eight months before the Sun acquisition. Free-software projects that require a full-featured database management system often use MySQL. Such projects include (for example) WordPress, phpBB, Drupal and other software built on the LAMP software stack. MySQL is also used in many high-profile, large-scale World Wide Web products, including Wikipedia, Google[5] and Facebook.[6] Uses MySQL is a popular choice of database for use in web applications, and is a central component of the widely-used LAMP web application software stack — LAMP is an acronym for "Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP". Its popularity is closely tied to the popularity of PHP. MySQL is used in some of the most frequently visited web sites on the Internet, including Flickr, Facebook, Google — though not for searches, Nokia.com and YouTube. Platforms and interfaces MySQL is written in C, and C++. Its SQL parser is written in yacc, and a home-brewed lexical analyzer named sql_lex.cc. MySQL works on many different system platforms, including AIX, BSDi, FreeBSD, HP-UX, i5/OS, Linux, Mac OS X, NetBSD, Novell NetWare, OpenBSD, OpenSolaris, eComStation, OS/2 Warp, QNX, IRIX, Solaris, Symbian, SunOS, SCO OpenServer, SCO UnixWare, Sanos, Tru64 and Microsoft Windows. A port of MySQL to OpenVMS also exists. Many programming languages with language-specific APIs include libraries for accessing MySQL databases[examples needed]. In addition, an ODBC interface called MyODBC allows additional programming languages that support the ODBC interface to communicate with a MySQL database, such as ASP or ColdFusion. The HTSQL - URL based query method also ships with MySQL adapter allowing direct interaction with MySQL database from any web client via structured URLs. The MySQL server and official libraries are mostly implemented in ANSI C/ANSI C++. Management and graphical frontends MySQL Workbench in Windows, displaying the Home Screen which streamlines use of its full capabilities MySQL is primarily an RDBMS and therefore ships with no GUI tools to administer MySQL databases or manage data contained within. Users may use the included command-line tools, or download MySQL frontends from various parties that have developed desktop software and web applications to manage MySQL databases, build database structure, and work with data records. Official workbench The official MySQL Workbench is a free integrated environment developed by MySQL AB, that enables users to graphically administer MySQL databases and visually design database structure. MySQL Workbench replaces the previous package of software, MySQL GUI Tools. Similar to other third-party packages, but still considered the authoritative MySQL frontend, MySQL Workbench lets users manage the following: Database design & modeling SQL development — replacing MySQL Query Browser Database administration — replacing MySQL Administrator MySQL Workbench is available in two editions, the regular free and open source Community Edition which may be downloaded from the MySQL website, and the proprietary Standard Edition which extends and improves the feature set of the Community Edition. Third-party Several other third-party proprietary and free graphical administration applications (or "front ends") are available that integrate with MySQL and enable users to work with database structure and data visually. Some well-known front ends are: phpMyAdmin — a free Web-based front end widely installed by Web hosts worldwide, since it is developed in PHP and requires the LAMP stack or WAMP. HeidiSQL — a full featured free front end that runs on Windows, and can connect to local or remote MySQL servers to manage databases, tables, column structure, and individual data records. Also supports specialised GUI features for date/time fields and enumerated multiple-value fields. Adminer — a free MySQL front end written in one PHP script, capable of managing multiple databases, with many CSS skins available. DBEdit — a free front end for MySQL and other databases. Navicat — a series of proprietary graphical database management applications, developed for Windows, Macintosh and Linux. Other available proprietary MySQL front ends include Aqua Data Studio, dbForge Studio for MySQL, Epictetus, Oracle SQL Developer, SchemaBank, SQLyog, SQLPro SQL Client, Toad, Toad Data Modeler Command-line MySQL ships with a suite of command-line tools for tasks such as querying the database, backing up data, inspecting status, performing common tasks such as creating a database, and many more. A variety of third-party command-line tools is also available, including: Maatkit, a set of power-user tools written in Perl MySQL Sandbox, a set of scripts for quickly starting server instances for testing and development Deployment MySQL can be built and installed manually from source code, but this can be tedious so it is more commonly installed from a binary package unless special customizations are required. On most Linux distributions the package management system can download and install MySQL with minimal effort, though further configuration is often required to adjust security and optimization settings. Though MySQL began as a low-end alternative to more powerful proprietary databases, it has gradually evolved to support higher-scale needs as well. It is still most commonly used in small to medium scale single-server deployments, either as a component in a LAMP based web application or as a standalone database server. Much of MySQLs appeal originates in its relative simplicity and ease of use, which is enabled by an ecosystem of open source tools such as phpMyAdmin. In the medium range, MySQL can be scaled by deploying it on more powerful hardware, such as a multi-processor server with gigabytes of memory. There are however limits to how far performance can scale on a single server, so on larger scales, multi-server MySQL deployments are required to provide improved performance and reliability. A typical high-end configuration can include a powerful master database which handles data write operations and is replicated to multiple slaves that handle all read operations. The master server synchronizes continually with its slaves so in the event of failure a slave can be promoted to become the new master, minimizing downtime. Further improvements in performance can be achieved by caching the results from database queries in memory using memcached, or breaking down a database into smaller chunks called shards which can be spread across a number of distributed server clusters. Features As of April 2009[update], MySQL offers MySQL 5.1 in two different variants: the open source MySQL Community Server and the commercial Enterprise Server. They have a common code base and include the following features: A broad subset of ANSI SQL 99, as well as extensions Cross-platform support Stored procedures Triggers Cursors Updatable Views True Varchar support INFORMATION_SCHEMA Strict mode[further explanation needed] X/Open XA distributed transaction processing (DTP) support; two phase commit as part of this, using Oracles InnoDB engine Independent storage engines (MyISAM for read speed, InnoDB for transactions and referential integrity, MySQL Archive for storing historical data in little space) Transactions with the InnoDB, BDB and Cluster storage engines; savepoints with InnoDB SSL support Query caching Sub-SELECTs (i.e. nested SELECTs) Replication support (i.e. Master-Master Replication & Master-Slave Replication) with one master per slave, many slaves per master, no automatic support for multiple masters per slave. Full-text indexing and searching using MyISAM engine Embedded database library Partial Unicode support (UTF-8 and UCS-2 encoded strings are limited to the BMP) Partial ACID compliance (full compliance only when using the non-default storage engines InnoDB, BDB and Cluster) Partititoned tables with pruning of partitions in optimiser Shared-nothing clustering through MySQL Cluster Hot backup (via mysqlhotcopy) under certain conditions The developers release monthly versions of the MySQL Server. The sources can be obtained from MySQLs web site or from MySQLs Bazaar repository, both under the GPL license. Distinguishing features MySQL implements the following features, which some other RDBMS systems may not: Multiple storage engines, allowing one to choose the one that is most effective for each table in the application (in MySQL 5.0, storage engines must be compiled in; in MySQL 5.1, storage engines can be dynamically loaded at run time): Native storage engines (MyISAM, Falcon, Merge, Memory (heap), Federated, Archive, CSV, Blackhole, Cluster, Berkeley DB, EXAMPLE, and Maria) Partner-developed storage engines (InnoDB, solidDB, NitroEDB, Infobright (formerly Brighthouse), Kickfire, XtraDB, IBM DB2) Community-developed storage engines (memcache engine, httpd, PBXT, Revision Engine) Custom storage engines Commit grouping, gathering multiple transactions from multiple connections together to increase the number of commits per second. Product history Milestones in MySQL development include: Original development of MySQL by Michael Widenius and David Axmark beginning in 1994[23] First internal release on 23 May 1995 Windows version was released on 8 January 1998 for Windows 95 and NT Version 3.23: beta from June 2000, production release January 2001 Version 4.0: beta from August 2002, production release March 2003 (unions) Version 4.01: beta from August 2003, Jyoti adopts MySQL for database tracking Version 4.1: beta from June 2004, production release October 2004 (R-trees and B-trees, subqueries, prepared statements) Version 5.0: beta from March 2005, production release October 2005 (cursors, stored procedures, triggers, views, XA transactions) The developer of the Federated Storage Engine states that "The Federated Storage Engine is a proof-of-concept storage engine",[24] but the main distributions of MySQL version 5.0 included it and turned it on by default. Documentation of some of the short-comings appears in "MySQL Federated Tables: The Missing Manual". Sun Microsystems acquired MySQL AB on 26 February 2008.[4] Version 5.1: production release 27 November 2008 (event scheduler, partitioning, plugin API, row-based replication, server log tables) Version 5.1 contained 20 known crashing and wrong result bugs in addition to the 35 present in version 5.0 (almost all fixed as of release 5.1.51). MySQL 5.1 and 6.0 showed poor performance when used for data warehousing — partly due to its inability to utilize multiple CPU cores for processing a single query. Oracle acquired Sun Microsystems on 27 January 2010. Oracle and Sun Future releases MySQL Server 5.5 is currently available in pre-release (as of June 2010). Enhancements and features include: The default storage engine is InnoDB, which supports transactions and referential integrity constraints. Semisynchronous replication. SIGNAL and RESIGNAL statement in compliance with the SQL standard. Support for supplementary Unicode character sets utf16, utf32, and utf8mb4. New options for user-defined partitioning. Improved multi-core scalability MySQL Server 6.0.11-alpha was announced 22 May 2009 as the last release of the 6.0 line. Future MySQL Server development uses a New Release Model. Features developed for 6.0 are being incorporated into future releases. Support and licensing MySQL offers support via their MySQL Enterprise product, including a 24/7 service with 30-minute response time. The support team has direct access to the developers as necessary to handle problems. In addition, it hosts forums and mailing lists, employees and other users are often available in several IRC channels providing assistance. Buyers of MySQL Enterprise have access to binaries and software certified for their particular operating system, and access to monthly binary updates with the latest bug-fixes. Several levels of Enterprise membership are available, with varying response times and features ranging from how to and emergency support through server performance tuning and system architecture advice. The MySQL Network Monitoring and Advisory Service monitoring tool for database servers is available only to MySQL Enterprise customers. Potential users can install MySQL Server as free software under the GNU General Public License (GPL), and the MySQL Enterprise subscriptions include a GPL version of the server, with a traditional proprietary version available on request at no additional cost for cases where the intended use is incompatible with the GPL. Both the MySQL server software itself and the client libraries use dual-licensing distribution. Users may choose the GPL, which MySQL has extended with a FLOSS License Exception. It allows Software licensed under other OSI-compliant open source licenses, which are not compatible to the GPL, to link against the MySQL client libraries. Customers that do not wish to follow the terms of the GPL may purchase a proprietary license. Like many open-source programs, MySQL has trademarked its name, which others may use only with the trademark holders permission. Forks of MySQL Drizzle — a fork targeted at the web-infrastructure and cloud computing markets. The developers of the product describe it as a "smaller, slimmer and (hopefully) faster version of MySQL". As such is planned to have many common MySQL features stripped out, including stored procedures, query cache, prepared statements, views, and triggers. This is a complete rewrite of the server that does not maintain compatibility with MySQL. MariaDB — a community-developed branch of the MySQL database, the impetus being the community maintenance of its free status under GPL as opposed to any uncertainty of MySQL license status under its current ownership by Oracle. The intent also being to maintain high fidelity with MySQL, ensuring a "drop-in" replacement capability with library binary equivalency and exacting matching with MySQL APIs and commands. It includes the XtraDB storage engine as a replacement for InnoDB. Percona Server — a fork that includes the XtraDB storage engine. It is an enhanced version of MySQL that is fully compatible, and deviates as little as possible from it, while still providing beneficial new features, better performance, and improved instrumentation for analysis of performance and usage. OurDelta — is best characterized as a source of binaries compiled with various patches, including patches from MariaDB, Percona, and Google. MySQL versions References 1 ^ Robin Schumacher, Arjen Lentz. "Dispelling the Myths". MySQL AB. http://dev.mysql.com/tech-resources/articles/dispelling-the-myths.html. Retrieved 2007-02-10.  2 ^ "What is MySQL?, MySQL 5.1 Reference Manual". MySQL AB. http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/what-is-mysql.html. Retrieved 2010-03-19. "The official way to pronounce “MySQL” is “My Ess Que Ell” (not “my sequel”), but we do not mind if you pronounce it as “my sequel” or in some other localized way."  3 ^ "History of MySQL, MySQL 5.1 Reference Manual". MySQL AB. http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/history.html. Retrieved 2010-03-19. "MySQL is named after co-founder Monty Wideniuss daughter, My."  4 ^ a b Sun Microsystems Announces Completion of MySQL Acquisition; Paves Way for Secure, Open Source Platform to Power the Network Economy, Sun Microsystems Press release, February 26, 2008 5 ^ "Google Runs MySQL". TheOpenForce. http://zurlocker.typepad.com/theopenforce/2005/12/googles_use_of_.html. Retrieved 2010-08-03. "AdWords was built using the MySQL database"  6 ^ "MySQL at Facebook". OReilly, Mark callaghan. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zofzid6xIZ4. Retrieved 2010-08-03. "x,000 servers, ... Master-slave replication, InnoDB"  Read More