Assignment 2 - Literature Review (individual work) - Essay Example

Download file to see previous pages According to Knights and Willmott, 2007, p.259, “Management has been celebrated as a modern invention whose importance and impact is equivalent to the most influential of world-changing technologies.” Management as a modern invention has not remained static, but has evolved and changed over time, given the understanding that “effective managerial behaviour” cannot remain the same under all circumstances and situations (Griffin, 2012, p.20). Starting from the days of scientific management of Frederick Taylor and the assumption that output could be maximised by the personal gain of workers, management thought has moved on to incorporate other needs of employees in terms of leisure time, status, social acceptance, etc. Events of dramatic proportions in society or the environment in which business organizations operate also have their upheaval on the management of business organizations. For instance, the successfully growing business organization of Cisco Systems under an autocratic management style reacted to the terrorist attacks and recession in 2001, to change to a democratic management style. Innovations in management theory and its practice have become even more important in the recent times, because of the issues and challenges that have emerged in the environment in which business organizations operate (Griffin, 2012). ...
lementation of innovative management strategies in the face of challenges, thus emphasizing the role of managers in the manner in which organizations perceive and react to the changes in the environment. . The Environmental Domain From the broadest perspective, organizational environment comprises all of the things that are outside of the organization. Such a perspective however, is self-defeating, as it is infinite and conveys hardly any useful information to the practice of management. Daft, Murphy & Willmott, 2010, p.140, provides a more comprehensible definition of organizational environment as “all elements that exist outside the boundary of the organization and have the potential to affect all or part of the organization.” Several sectors with similar elements that have the potential to affect all or part of an organization are easily identifiable. They are industry, raw materials, human resources, financial resources, market, technology, economic conditions, government policies and regulations, socio-cultural elements and international elements. When we consider the external domain of an organization, it pertains to the organization niche and the specific external sectors that organization chooses as important to it and hence interacts with it, for the purpose of achieving the objectives of the organization. In this regard the environment of an organization is thus selected and interpreted by the managers in an organization. Through this some features of the external environment have greater emphasis to the neglect of the others. Thus, the domain of organizational environment is dependent to a large extent on the choice of the managers. There are two dimensions that play a significant role in this choice. There are some factors over which the managers have ...Download file to see next pagesRead More