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According to Osman (2008, p. 38), the public policy-making process is a technical and complex interaction process for the government and it is influenced by the diverse nature of social, political, and other environmental forces. These forces are the ones that form the policy framework and thus influence the impact and outcome of the policies.
The Middle East region is characterized by nations that heavily rely on producing and exporting oil hence this has made the region to become economically important. According to Carkoglu, Eder, and Kirisci (1998, P. 30), the region is also characterized by a lack of viable security and this has made the region lag economically.
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The influence of tax benefits on family life is undeniable as it influences the net income of the family. Income influences the time an individual or a society decides to start families, the structure of the family whether single parent, two parents, or cohabitation, the time when the family starts to bear children and the number of children a family has whether the family members are active in the workforce.
This organization aims to advocate for fair trade mostly from the world trade organization. The global justice movement came to be strengthened before World War II a time when America was facing tough economic times. It is during these times that America experienced the highest number of industrial strikes (Oberschall, 1973).
Economists do not understand criteria that seem irrational and they are to be found in public discussions on economic policy. Traditional economics fails to appreciate the fact that people get more concerned when there are job losses as a result of relocation even if such relocation results in the creation of more jobs elsewhere.
The World Bank reports indicate that income inequality across the world continues to increase with each passing day (Stein 2010, p.9). The current crisis affecting the world financially only makes the situation gloomier. The people who bear the cost of this inequality are the poor and they are unlikely to have benefited to any significant measure.
It is the positive change in the economic sector of a country due to other changes taking place in the world or the country (Tusell, 2011). The changes have a positive implication on the economy, which is why it is known as modernization. They bring about an improvement in the economic sector so that the economy of the country improves.
It fulfills all the criteria of being a superpower such as a strong economy, technological base, and huge military forces. However, the world economy is experiencing huge changes, and countries like China, India, and Brazil are emerging rising powers of the world. In addition to this, European Union as a whole and Russia are also considered as rising powers of the world.
The job market has suffered much and it has called for the variation in strategies related to recruitment and selection in most of the Irish organizations. In Ireland, employment has been checked by more than a quarter a million since the inception of recession and the figure stands at 3.7% and declining on year by year analysis.
This is mainly done so as to make a discovery that can lead to development of a new technology, product or procedure or improve existing technology to a better one. Research and Development consist of four distinct types of activities namely: basic research, applied research, product and process development.
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Economic ideologies and principles have filtered through from the field of economics to social, cultural and political fields as they seek to influence decisions and choices made and seek answers to modern day social, economic, environmental and political challenges and issues as argued by (Prasad, 2006). The predominant economic ideologies are social democracy, radicals, communism, Keynesian and neo-liberalism.
Inter country trade relations are activities which are aimed at enhancing trading activities between the countries. Good trade relations ensure that a country is able to export its products which it has produced in surplus and import products which it does not have. This ensures that there is a continuous economic development in the trading countries.
Communism collapsed and the socialist ideal is very weak within the globalized world. The majority of policymakers consider trade as the main way through which economies can achieve growth. The idea of free trade is therefore supported by institutions such as the International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and World Trade Organisation (Stern, 2007).
Analysis of property investment is a very important task, using the various techniques for appraising an investment project like the “payback period”, “accounting rate of return”, profitability index, “net present value”, and “internal rate of return”. Some of these techniques use discounted cash flows while others do not recognize the time value of money.
According to Robinson Willam (2002), political economy emphasizes the distribution of national income and wealth an inclusive process done through a budgeting process. It has origins in moral philosophy; it was developed in the 18th century as the study of economies of states, and polities, hence the establishment of political economy.
Analysis of property data relating to the residential subdivision is a demanding task, using diverse variables like area, frontage, depth, shape, view, topography, and aspect of soil condition either filled or natural. Since they are variables of diverse nature, this report presents a different perspective to demonstrate their effectiveness in the price of residential land using “multi-linear regression analysis”.
Besides regulating the activities of the specific industries in the economy, the American government also controls the overall speed of economic activity, with the general aim of maintaining price stability and high levels of employment (Portes, 2009). The US government applies two tools to attain these objectives.
One of the most commonly used definitions is the movement of people, capital, goods, and ideas from one region or nation to the other, due to the increase in economic integration because of the increased investment and trade (Frank & John, 242). It describes the practice of the integration of societies, cultures, and regional economies.
Recession in economic terms is, in essence, a slowdown in the economic movement in a country over a sustained period of time, or a business cycle contraction. During recessions, many macroeconomic indicators vary in a similar way. Production as measured by Gross Domestic Product (GDP), employment, investment spending, capacity utilization, etc.
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More than 100 million women are said to be missing in Asia which will result in excess men than women in several years to come. Sex selection abortion not only genies daughters the right to life- the right to be born- but also turns most women into silent victims. Killing refers to the act of murder where women were killed for their perceived behavior.
This means that decisions that relate to demand, supply, distribution, price and are made by the players in the market rather than by the central government. Capitalism is typically exemplified by a ‘market economy’ that is propelled by free enterprise. This means that the invisible hand of market pricing mechanisms coordinates demand and supply.
The estimated contribution of NFPs to the country’s GDP since 1999 is around $43 billion while wages from voluntary work exceeds $14 billion in 2007. However, these figures are mere estimates and do not reflect the full contribution of the sector such as their actual contribution to the well-being of volunteers and effectiveness in delivering services.
The project has not been spared in the infrastructural issues that have been facing the oil industry in Nigeria. PENGASSAN (petroleum and gas senior staff association of Nigeria) held a strike that greatly affected the production process in the entire country. Other major disruptions in the production have been as a result of the instability experienced in the Nigeria Delta.
Firms compete for consumers in any competitive market. Competition may as well take a different perspective as firms compete in the advertising and marketing field. Several economic schools have developed different kinds of competition world. The neoclassical economic school has developed theories that emphasized economic freedom.
The classical school of economic theory believes that the economy is a self-regulating system of the market and that the economic needs of the population are satisfied without human intervention. The classical also describes the mechanism of the market as an “unseen hand” that drives all persons to undertake their self-interest.
East Asian countries such as Japan, Taiwan, and Korea shifted from poverty to affluence through rapid industrialization, while today many developing countries continue to languish. This has been due to over-reliance on foreign aid which has served to hinder their climb up the development ladder. Foreign assistance is linked to formal development aid.
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The public should be made aware of the alarming consequences of environmental degradation because if this will not be done, there will be the extinction of life. European countries together with other countries face several environmental challenges. However, some of these challenges have an impact on economic development, for instance, it is hard for people to work in a polluted environment.
One of the most important theories of the above-mentioned market model is the idea that together the result of the market along with social order results from the logical decisions of those who are seeking to capitalize on their interests. Models like these give a lot of importance to the markets as a palace where traders, manufactures and consumers can get in touch with each other so that trade their merchandise for money.
This paper examines how both formal and informal institutions are involved at various levels in the mobilization of economic activities. This is in line with the argument that the configuration of an institution in the securing of developmental approval lies with the implicated history of the respective developers.
Even if the export sector has contracted in both countries, the growth in their economies has continued to grow. This is because both have a lesser share of the economy and policy dealings have sustained domestic activity (International Monetary Fund’s April World Economic Outlook, 2008). However, there are some inhibiting factors that are like to hinder these two countries from becoming future economic giants.
The financial crisis experience of the 1930s prompted governments to act to prevent such a reoccurrence. Two economists Keynes Maynard and Harry Dexter White were vocal in this. They noted that the tendency to isolationism and the United States insistence to settle Allied war debts contributed largely to the collapse of the global financial system.
A real model of the economy lies in using the strengths of the nation or area as a whole for sustainable development. The nation should have the ability to undertake the latest technological developments. Traditional methods will be changed with modern methods and new developments will be taken in to make sure that the economy grows manifold.
The idea of democracy in the Chinese way is seen as putting the interests of the community first other than those of the individual. This orthodox interpretation of unity among the Chinese was first introduced by Deng Xiaoping in 1979. Unity of interest thus obscured the articulate interpretation of state and society.
Nigeria, Iran and Russia have a lot in common in addition to being major producers of petroleum in the world. The three economies rely on oil as a major source of their state revenues. While this reliance on oil has been good in terms of the development opportunities created for the three countries, it has also created problems, some of which are similar among all three states.
We will be taking a rather novel mechanism of dissection: instead of creating a country or field-specific hypothesis, we will try and create our hypothesis based on two of the most critically important factors in the world at the current point in time: Human Resource Outsourcing and the exchange rate structure of the country.
Then, we would look at the specific case of Australia but from a monetary policy point of view i.e., we will try to extrapolate the problems that will be created by this said problem. For a more streamlined view of our paper, we have assumed that these hindrances in infrastructure, as well as the perpetrated high cost, are all signified in a jump in the level of inflation that has to be managed by the economy.
Marxist theory has greatly contributed to the successful analysis of globalization. Marx can be considered the earliest theorist of globalization. From a Marxism perspective, the features which are often identified as proof of globalization are seen as coincident indicators of long-term tendencies in the growth of capitalism.
Therefore, the car companies in the automobile industry have decided to take their business enterprises overseas where there is a low cost of production as compared to Australia (Beer and Thomas, 2007). The unions are the ones that mostly contributed to the collapse of the car manufacturers by raising wages and also demanding good working conditions.
The automotive industry is being phased out in the Australian market following its decline over the past years. This is a setback to the Australian economy since it is a contributor to the Australian gross domestic product. The decline of the automobile industry in Australia has also led to unemployment for many engineers.
It is real, factual, and verifiable that the labor unions in the Australian car industry caused the collapse of the country’s automobile industry. Who Killed the Australian Automotive Industry? The Australian car industry has collapsed with the announcement of plans to exit the market by major automobile companies.
Holden, Toyota, Ford, Mitsubishi, and even Nissan have announced that their operations are going to be closed. This could be part of a global financial nosedive. It is shaping an extinction occurrence of Australian jobs and the automotive industry being phased out. Most of these companies are closing their operations in Australia.
Authoritarian countries are nations whose political systems whose power is in the hands of the leaders, and they lack the freedom of citizens. Authoritarian countries work towards the achievement of interdependence in finance, trade, and the policies of macroeconomic policies of a nation; integration of global processes makes the relationship possible.
The industry collapse affected over 73, 772 employees who were working full-time, and other impacted other important aspects of Australia’s automotive manufacturing industry. Therefore, the impacts of the death of this industry were deeply felt by many because the key players closed their operations in Australia.
The governments have refused to centralize the economic and monetary processes while insisting on national political controls. Through such arraignments, the affected entity is democracy. The Euro-crisis can be linked directly to the three goods (discussed later), the actual political and historical context Europe’s leaders face.
Globalization is a force that undermines nationalism. However, others believe that its trends reinforce national identity. Globalization can be termed as the removal of barriers that have led to free trade, communication, and cultural exchange between different countries. Globalization has led to the constraints of geography.
In the words of Larsson (2001), globalization can be defined as the increased interaction between different nations regarding communication between citizens, culture, and trade. Nationalism is a shared feeling among people of the same geographical locality of independence for their culture and ethnicity which holds those people together.
Globalization has improved supply chains and production networks, access to cheaper imports, human capital, technology, and capital flows. However, lack of access to global markets among many developing countries inherently dis-equalizes and creates further rifts between developing and developed countries.
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Different scholars have conceptualized the phenomenon of globalization. According to Sulaiman and Aluko (2), globalization refers to an increase in the number of economies that are open to international trade, foreign direct investment, and financial flow. The accelerating rate of international trade has augmented global output since the 1960s.
Organizational legitimacy theory explains the behavior of companies and corporate groups about the social and environmental impact. The theory suggests that companies face pressure from the environmental laws in sustaining it and maintaining a functional environment. They are also challenged by the societies who request information about the impact the environmental impacts on the businesses.
The paper will explore the various ways that the World trade organization has hindered the growth and development of developing nations using. The basis of information for this paper will be well documented and researched articles on the various pertinent issues as highlighted above as well as texts from books related to the issues above.