Political Economy of Race, Class and Gender - Annotated Bibliography Example

The paper "Political Economy of Race, Class, and Gender" is a perfect example of an annotated bibliography on macro and microeconomics. Camille Charles, Can We Live Together? Racial Preferences and Neighborhood Outcomes, in THE GEOGRAPHY OF OPPORTUNITY: RACE AND HOUSING CHOICE IN METROPOLITAN AMERICA at 45-80 (Xavier de Souza Briggs ed., 2005) This text reviews trends in racial attitudes to neighborhood racial composition and residential preferences. The text analyses the patterns of preferences among blacks and whites and the main influences of the preferences using available MCSUI survey data.

The paper concludes by discussing the implications of residential segregation for efforts in reshaping the geography of race and reduction in racial inequality.  Nancy A. Denton & Douglas S. Massey, American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass (Harvard University Press 1993) This paper explains how the whites created the ghetto in the early twentieth century to isolate the rising urban black population. The paper reiterates that despite the Fair Housing Act of 1968, segregation extends today through the interconnecting of institutional practices, government policies, and individual actions.

The paper depicts how segregation of blacks leads to the creation of underclass communities in periods of economic downturn. The book discusses how ghetto people adapt to harsh economic times by developing behaviors and attitudes that further marginalize ghetto neighborhoods and undermine the chances of black people success in mainstream American society. This book challenges the notion that race is of declining importance in America today. Ingrid Gould Ellen, Continuing Isolation: Segregation in America Today, in SEGREGATION: THE RISING COSTS FOR AMERICA at 268 (James Carr & Nandinee Kutty eds., 2008) Ellen gives an overview of the trends in residential segregation over the past century.

This text summarizes the causes of racial segregation in America with much emphasis on black-white segregation. Farley, Reynolds, Howard Schuman, S. Bianchi, Diane Colasanto, and S. Hatchet Chocolate City, Vanilla Suburbs: Will the Trend toward Racially Separate Communities Continue? SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH, 319, 319-44 (1978) This literature review examines policy responses to poor employment prospects of low-income and residents of inner cities by aiming to connect them with suburban jobs.

This paper articulates that local activity patterns shape employment patterns. Lawrence Bobo et al., Multi-City Study of Urban Inequality, Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research, Ann Arbor, MI, 2000 This paper broadens the understanding of how racial attitudes, changing labor dynamics and racial residential segregation act in concert to foster urban inequality. The paper analyses data from questionnaires on labor market dynamics and racial attitudes that blacks and whites hold against each other.

Pat Rubio Goldsmith, Learning Apart, Living Apart: How Racial the Racial and Ethnic Segregation of Schools and Colleges Perpetuates Residential Segregation, 112 Tchrs. C. Rec. 1605-1606 Despite legislations against discriminations and powerful civil rights movements, residential segregation remains prevalent. This paper examines the extent to which a neighborhood’s racial composition transfers across generations and how educational institutions’ racial composition mediates this relationship.

The research finds that racial segregation in educational institutions reinforces racial segregation and leads to unequal of educational resources. David Harris, “Property Values Drop When Blacks Move-in, Because…” Racial and Socioeconomic Determinants of Neighborhood Desirability Are housing prices higher in neighborhoods with a low concentration of blacks? If so, is the link evidence of pure discrimination or due to no-racial neighborhood traits? The paper finds evidence of lower property values in neighborhoods with a higher concentration of blacks.

John Yinger. Closed Doors, Opportunities Lost the Continuing Costs of Housing Discrimination (Russel Sage Foundation 1995) Decades after the enactment of the Fair Housing Act, housing discrimination against blacks is still rampant in America. This paper reports on investigations of real estate brokers on how they treat equally qualified black and white customers. The paper concludes that the effects of housing discrimination create a vicious cycle of discrimination that puts barriers on blacks and the resulting hardships extend the preconception that leads whites to link minorities with neighborhood deterioration.

Lynch, Ami M., Hating the Neighbors: The Role of Hate Crime in the Perpetuation of Black Residential Segregation, International Journal of Conflict and Violence 2.1 (2008): 6-27. This paper examines the occurrence of hate crime using data from U.S cities with populations over 95,000. Hate crime an illegal act influenced by pre-formed bias a person’s real or perceived race. This paper attempts to figure out if hate crime levels predict racial segregation. The paper finds that the occurrence of hate crimes are higher in cities with higher dissimilarity between whites and blacks.