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As the world is moving towards globalization, the importance of International Finance is increasing as time passed on. Finance managers tend to seek the cheapest sources of finance around the world and this will certainly involve the element of risk as well. The emphasis of international finance is to use different hedging tools and techniques to tackle the risk.
The easiest form of structure of Securitization requires: (1) the sale of a huge amount of funds for assets by a person who purchases the assets (2) the act of providing and selling in either a confined location or public offering, of debt securities that are later on fulfilled from the continuation of assets.
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Generally speaking, it is essential to state that the Parliament of Queensland enacts the Dangerous Prisoners (Sexual Offenders) Act 2003 which permits convicted criminals to be detained in prison beyond their scheduled release date. This Act is assented to 6 June 2003 and commenced on the same date.
Arbitration processes nowadays are becoming consistent. Institutions such as the International Chamber of Commerce, the London Court of International Arbitration, and the American Arbitration Association Center for International Dispute Resolution have comprehensive conditions for managing arbitration proceedings.
In 2002, the EC Council issued a directive on electric shaver specifications and this is to be implemented in all Member States by July 2004. However, this directive was deemed controversial in the United Kingdom as it could expose the unstable UK electric shaver industry to its competitors from other Member States.
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In view of the widely debated association between domestic violence and children’s emotional, cognitive, and behavioral change at different stages of development, our main research question is about the effects of exposure to domestic violence in children. The early progress in the field of domestic violence was in public awareness, police, court responses, and services for victims and perpetrators.
The police sometimes do not take complaints from people with learning difficulties seriously. Moreover, even where offenses are reported to the police and proceeded with, prosecutions are often dropped because the prosecuting authority takes the view that witnesses with learning difficulties are incapable of giving credible evidence.
The report aims to show a few cases through which the builder can have a clear idea about some of the proceedings that he needs to follow while dealing with his construction business in Australia. All these are supported by the cases that could make the builder or a construction firm aware of the legal conditions in Australia.
The cargo shall be brought into the holds and discharged by the Charterers. The process is free of any risk. The Charterers are responsible for the proper storage and protection of the cargo on board. In such phases, the Owners have to allow the use of all dunnage available on board.
The Hague Rules and the Hague-Visby Rules are the most widely accepted rules for carrying goods, particularly by sea. On the other hand, many developing countries felt that these rules do not address cargo owners' legitimate concerns as carriers are exempted from liability arising from their negligence.
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The international banking system has developed from a non-significant sideline activity of some major financial institutions to a significant activity that now accounts for an important potion of the asset of different large banks. Similarly, substantial changes have occurred in the insurance and securities markets.
The death sentence entails a life-life tradeoff, and this may provoke, rather than prevent, avenge. The relevant evils with the death penalty, like prospective error, irrevocability, unpredictability and racial biases, do not need to be eradicated since the realm of murder is a result of the same problems, though in an intensive form (Kronenwetter, 1993).
The Planning Green Paper of 2001 by the HM Government was directed towards building a consensus through nationwide consultation on the issue of instituting major reforms in the land-use planning system. A judicious physical planning of the physical assets and use of natural resources must be balanced with the need for economic growth, social progress, and environmental protection within the principle of sustained development.
Cybercrime is any criminal activity in which a computer is used as a tool, source, or target in executing the crime. These include hacking, internet fraud, identity theft, credit card account theft, bullying, and telemarketing. At present, there has been a widespread activity of cybercrime and these criminals utilize various ways and tools to accomplish their acts.
The new rules were, despite some unhelpful drafting, held to apply to all trials that commenced after that date, irrespective of proceedings being already in train, or of their taking the form of a rehearing after a reference from the Criminal Cases Review Tribunal of a case initially determined under the old rules.
By going global, UK law firms are becoming very powerful entities. The legal services provided by British legal firms are considered to be some of the best in the world. This is because UK law firms can compete with any other service providers in the world. There should be more women lawyers and judges.
A defective planning system can ruin the development of a nation and negatively impacts the economy of the area. The change in the planning system is recommended to ensure the new development happens at the right place and only when it is required. A perfect planning system can stop encroachment and save Greenfield land by promoting further development in the Brownfield area.
Mr. Allan Smith of D & A Builders has submitted an “interim” bill to KNW Ltd. as represented by its Director, Mr. Dan Maxwell of £218,000 representing the contract price for the construction housing units for KNW Ltd. and further detailed below - Completion of one (1) unit 3-bedroom detached housing at £95,000, Partial payment for (1) unit 3-bedroom detached housing.
‘When one person signifies to another his willingness to do or to abstain from doing anything, with a view to obtaining the assent of that other to such act or abstinence, he is said to make a proposal’ and an offer can be defined as a specific proposal to enter into an agreement with another. An offer is essential to the formation of an enforceable contract.
There is a need to deliver a fundamental change in the planning system. A planning system is very important in our quality of life. The quality of our environment affects the quality of the lives of the people and the community. There must be a system that is constructive and progressive for the future development of the community and the economy as well.
At present, there is a serious lack of direction about the future of building control – and there is no undisputed and clear vision of the future in terms of what exactly building control stands for and also what it's not for, knowledge about the responsibilities and roles assigned to the different groups within it and how the system should run.
English Law is the legal system that operates in England and Wales and is based on Common Law which emerged during the medieval era (12th century). It was a system of justice delivered from the king’s court and all disputes were settled through ‘common’ (or simple) agreements and were based on prevailing customs.
Housing is one of the three most important and basic needs of man. This is one of the factors that differentiate man from all other being on earth. The very fact that human beings hold a special place for dwelling while allocating different areas for different purposes makes him stand apart from other living creatures who build homes for themselves and their young.
Generally, the car was sold to Martha by the representation that it was in A1 condition and it had only one previous owner. Both turned out to be untrue since the car was found to have been involved in multiple collisions and had several owners. This is a violation of the prescribed A1 condition for the car.
England and the United States have in a gauge been immune from the worldwide accord of all the cultured states in the receipt of the Napoleon Code, or of the Civil Law of Rome in a number of forms, as the foundation of their jurisprudence. In the grand anarchy of the commotion of the Roman Territory by the Teutonic barbarians, what was of Britain?
As per the comprehensive environmental response, compensation, and liability act of 1980 and other laws dealing with environmental contamination, the lessee will be liable for all types of laws regarding the hazardous materials act. As per the lease agreements available, the lessor can default his obligations of lease up to a limit and may not have a liability beyond the interest of the estate with respect to damages judgments.
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This is in legal terms the phrase “time is of the essence”. The third is when the employer issued a reasonable notice to the contractor that time is of the essence and the latter failed to comply (p.329). However, our task is not about the cause of termination but whether such delay is the responsibility of the contractor.
In relation to Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974, the Management of Health and Safety at Work (MHSW) regulations 1999, and the Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007, and the errors and omissions associated with the activities of Bradford City Football Club, the directors, and employees of the club.
Generally speaking, the institute of medicine, over a long time has been heavily guarded by the institution of law. Of that, the main component that still regulates the doctor-patient relationship is the matter of confidentiality- the trust and mutual respect the doctor and patient carry for each other.
William was an eight year old boy, who had entered the premises to play with his friends. The Burly Contracts had failed to fence in a freshly dug trench on the premises. William fell into this trench and caused himself considerable injury. In Harris v Birkenhead Corporation, it was held that the contractors had a duty of care, which they had failed to fulfil.
In the case of Blanche who was knocked down by a car that was being reversed at a high speed in the parking bay situated outside the Pringles Solicitors’ department store, according to contemporary law we find that there is the application of the law of tort whereby a tort is usually defined as an act which causes harm to a determinate person whether intentionally or not, basically a tort is regarded as a civil wrong.
“Treatment or consideration of, or making a distinction in favor of or against, a person or thing based on the group, class, or category to which that person or thing belongs rather than on individual merit: racial and religious intolerance and discrimination”. Discrimination is a special or unusual behaviour towards someone in a group or a workplace, which could be either in favor or against that person.
According to aircraft regulations, an aircraft can fly in or over the United Kingdom, if it is registered in some part of the commonwealth and any contracting state. A glider cannot fly unregistered in the United Kingdom unless it is for public purposes or with prior permission for safety conditions and measures.
The global recognition of traditional knowledge has recently originated as is the continuing realization that it can no longer be ignored from the development perspective. Furthermore, this issue has turned out to be controversial with the emergence of biotechnology, and conflicts between the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights agreement and the Convention on Biological Diversity.
The 2004 DCA Consultation Paper discussed the attrition rate in the legal profession. It argued that women had the tendency to leave the profession much before they became a judge. The legal profession does not support women who try to obtain judicial appointments. This problem is mostly faced by solicitors.
The free movement of goods is one of the cardinal principles on which the Single market is based. The Member States are precluded from preventing the free movement of goods, until and unless a grave risk is involved in doing so, for instance, if such goods pose a threat to consumer protection, the environment, or public health.
As per section 104 of the Housing Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act 1996 (Construction Act), a construction contract is an agreement with a person for carrying out construction operations among others. Section 107 of the Construction Act says that agreements must be in writing. Proviso (1) to section 107 states that it can be any other agreement between parties if it is written.
Controversy surrounds the connection between incivility, crime, and fear of crime contained in the article of Wilson and Kelling (1982) as it argues that there is a linear relationship between crime and neighborhood decline. Fear of crime has come to be regarded as a predicament in its own right since the impact of crime and disorder in communities can destabilize the conception of well-built communities.
The body loses its ability to reproduce some of its cells, and as cells are destroyed they are not always replaced. In addition, there is a stiffening of tissues. The loss of cells and stiffening of tissues are our bodies. The maximal physiological capacity of most organ systems reduces progressively and irreversibly after 30 years of age.
Racial discrimination has long been a problem in social history. Discrimination against ethnic minorities has been a controversial issue and existed in society and workplaces for many years. The implementation of ethnic monitoring and positive discrimination in employment has increased the number of ethnic employees and gone a long way to mend the bridge of inequality which has burdened society for a long time.
The doctrine of promissory estoppel plays an essential role in the law of consideration. It is not recognized, openly by contract law. However, it applies to the consideration of a contract. The parties to a contract should be conscious that they are in a legal relationship, involving an exchange.
Bosque injected himself with heroin and lost his life. The main issue raised by this case was regarding when it was apt to deem a person guilty of manslaughter, when that person had supplied a class A controlled drug, which was subsequently, injected by the person to whom it was supplied, with lethal effect.
This paper includes an analysis of the evidential implications of both police and non-police actions and an appraisal of the detention conditions that must be observed while Mr. Dave Smith is in police custody. Finally, it will discuss the effectiveness of the law in this area in relation to the protection provided by the European Convention on Human Rights.
"The inevitable demise of provocation as a defense, which follows from the ruling in Holley [2005] 2 AC 580, is of particular concern as is the new framework for sentencing in convictions of murder which in removing judicial discretion from the sentencing decision prohibits judges from tempering the harshness of the mandatory sentence.
In this essay, the intention is to discuss some aspects of the theory and doctrine of criminal law, particularly those relating to offenses of omission in the discharge of “positive duties” to ‘people with whom we have a special relationship’; whether the ‘current principles on omission’ are in need of reform; and the meaning and ‘scope’ of “intention and recklessness”, the two important fault elements used in modern criminal law.
The system of courts that comprise the totality of the European legal system is organized essentially by the European Constitution and the laws legislated by the European government. The European Court of Justice—considered the highest court—embodies the whole judicial part of the government, which in the light follows the English doctrines which adhere to the parliamentary sovereignty form of government.
It is essential to state that the assignment focuses on patents that are granted to people who make new inventions. In this case, Julian a senior technician at Snap-Off that is a tool firm has invented a wheelchair that uses a unique pivoting mechanism that allows the chair to lay flat on the ground.
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The European Union is finding it difficult to enact legislation with regard to defamation, which would address not only the demands of the plaintiffs but also that of the press. In the same way, international law dealing with defamation disputes is failing to satisfy the press. International legislation proved inadequate to safeguard their interests.
The goal of State aid supervision is, as it is stated in the original agreements of the European Communities, to make sure that administration interference does not deform competition and business. Thus, State aid is determined as a benefit in any form whatever is awarded on a discerning foundation to activities by nationwide community establishments.
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Rage at those accountable for the catastrophic events of September 11 is directed mostly at innocent individuals because of their religion. Casellas (2005) stated that there was an increasing number of religion-based harassment and discrimination complaints, particularly from Muslims and people from the Middle East and South Asia (p.2).