September 11 Terrorist Attacks on the World Trade Centers in New York City - Assignment Example

 “Security Fundamental” Describe and distinguish between the federal and state responses to the September 11 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Centers in New York City Include in your discussion, the creation of the Homeland Security Department and its impact Essentially the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon had potential serious ramifications for the economy of the United States of America. More over, it was a traumatizing human tragedy since it claimed several lives. The magnitude of this event prompted various state agencies to respond to contain the unintended situation that caused in trade and numerous sectors of the economy and security (Fauriol, 114). For instance, it is notable that inability in clearing checks that was caused by the suspension of flights consequently an economic hitch was immediately felt. In addition, the New York Stock Exchange and numerous financial markets closed down for a whole week. The event considerably reduced consumption and investment in stocks consequently a temporary fall of prices of stock. The listed effects and occurrences prompted response from federal and the state. The Federal Reserve response responded by providing liquidity to both financial firms and individuals to be able to make payments (Fauriol, 128). It is notable that, the reserve provided liquidity in numerous ways, which included purchasing treasury securities, lent funds to banks and urged bank to provide short-term loans for borrowers. On the hand, the state responded in a preventive manner, which included initiation of the Multidisciplinary center for Earthquake Engineering Research project, which was intended to serve two functions. They included research in the damage to buildings near ground zero and organizational and community resilience in the world trade center disaster (Fauriol, 156). The overall efforts prompted the creation of the department of Homeland Security under section 101 of the Homeland and Security Act of 2002. The primary objective of the establishment of DHS was to deter any terrorist activity in the soils of the United States of America. In addition, it was intended to reduce terrorism vulnerability to the United States of America. Discuss the United States Patriot Act as implemented following September 11, giving particular emphasis to governmental intelligence gathering reach and how that reach has evolved to date. Additionally discuss the government’s reach with regard to the Total Personal Information Act. Offer your individual opinion on the balance or imbalance with regard to national security and constitutionally guaranteed individual privacy rights The United States Patriot Act was one of the instruments, which were agitated by the Judiciary committee with an intention of uniting and strengthening the United States of America through provision of appropriate tools to be used in intercepting and obstructing terrorism. It was signed into law 3 years after the September 11 attacks (October 26, 2001). The act was designed to deter and prevent any terrorist attack on the American soils. It augmented and enhanced the Federal official’s authority to trail and capture communications (Fauriol, 129). It is imperative to note that, the legislature has been amended depending on the dynamics of the terrorist crime. The legislature initially incorporated fundamental sunset provisions to allow the congressional oversight government agencies to use the anti-terrorism instruments. Numerous provisions were authorized and included in the act have been embraced and this has seen strengthening of the act. Some of the inclusions include more sunset provisions for three surveillance instruments (Fauriol, 29). They included roving, lone wolf and wiretaps. It is notable that, the governmental gathering and intelligence has been enhanced by the use of these sophisticated instruments. More over, the act has embraced provisions, which allowed imposition of tough and high penalties. Some of these provisions include prohibition of harboring terrorist, enhanced the number of conspiracy penalties and elimination of the statutes of restrictions for definite terrorism crimes (Fauriol, 49). It is imperative to note that, the government‘s success in deterring other catastrophic attacks on the United States of America would be been difficult without the implementation and appreciation of the USA Patriot Act. The relevant authorities gained sufficient powers and motivation through this act, which enhanced apt prevention, investigation and prosecution acts of terrorism. The total personal act provides legal guidelines on the government’s reach on personal information. However, it should be realized that, the increased data collection and protecting personal information has posed a serious challenge to the governmental environment. This is due to the ever-dynamic trends of technology (Fauriol, 29). It should be noticeable that far reaching collection of information and distribution of personally identifiable information is attributed to the increased use of internet in numerous ways, which include data vaulting, business banking learning and teleconferencing. The general opinion on the balance or imbalance with regard to national security and constitutionally guaranteed individual privacy rights is a fundamental aspect in attaining national security through a just way (Fauriol, 32). It is imperative to note that, the rights of the people remain sovereign as it is to the constitution even in the pursuit of national issues. It is essential to pursue and attain national interests in accordance to the legal framework, which recognizes the basic rights of humanity. Discuss the origins of security as founded in English Common Law. Specifically, elaborate your larger discussion on the importance of Sir Robert Peel and his key principles for professionalizing the police. Finally, offer examples of how Peel’s Principles apply to the field of security today. Essentially, the common English law is based on the general principles and some extent the customs that are embodied in the case law. The case law serves as a precedent. The case law is applicable in sections not covered by the statute (Fauriol, 29). The origin of the common law is traced back in the early middle ages in the Curia Regis (Kings Court). It ultimately led to the formulation of diverse feasible ethics through, which it continues to function. It is fundamental to note that, the common law has its roots in America. The early English colonists in America claimed that the common law system was their birthright. Notably, the American national and state governments adopted the common law system (Fauriol, 29). The process of adoption was done by either a judicial decision or an express provision. The principle of equity is regarded as a section of the common law adopted by America. It is fundamental to observe that, the origin of the common law in America can be attributed to diverse sources, which include the common law principles of England, Christianity, equity principles and ecclesiastical courts. The aspect of professionalism embraced by Sir Robert Peel changed diverse sections of the police. They included the traffic department, central and state governments. The principle embraced by Sir Robert Peel transform the political and social stature and consequently the principles were reflected in the pledge of allegiance. Peel’s idea of professionalism is rampant in the diverse police departments across the world. The principle embodied in peel’s aspect of professionalism has immensely helped the police to curb crime. The police are now well informed and trained to work professionalism. References Fauriol, Georges A. Security in the Americas. Washington, DC: National Defense University Press, 2004. Print. Read More