Policy Formulation and Policy Implementation by International Public - Assignment Example

Introduction Policy is the proposed plans which enable to deal the situation effortlessly. The policy can also be utilized for viewing what has already done according to the proposed planning. Policy cannot be considered as rules, regulations or laws. Policy actually provides guidelines to develop required result from a situation. The activity of policy is applicable to governmental organizations, private sectors, individuals and groups. The examples of policies are parliamentary rules and regulations, orders from presidential executives and corporate policies. The studies with respect to policies are the decision making process under organizational level. This is the creation of successful alternatives or programs to deal such a peculiar situation. Hence policy can be referred as financial, administrative, and political and management mechanism designed to achieve the desired outcome. Intention of policy implementation The intention of policy formulations and implementations varies according to organizational structure. This is with respect to the outcome to be achieved from the organizational environments. Mainly the aim of implementation of such policies is to eradicate the negative atmosphere prevailing in any organizations and to create a favorable environment. These cases are similar both in public administration and international public administration level. Policies implementing for the corporate purchasing process is one of the example which can be assimilated easily. This policy authorizes that the purchases above a certain framework should be performed through corporate purchasing process. This is essential to avoid unnecessary expenses on behalf of purchases and such event can be standardized to a great deal. Policies have certain draw backs which are capable to influence the environments. A suitable example for this transformation is the imposition of taxes above a certain level of capital sources. This will automatically persuade the environmental factors not to raise the economic sources above the prescribed level. This will inversely affect the economic centers to loose their capital sources substantially. The outcome of a policy formulation should be viewed in advance to avoid bad impact if it is implemented in a later stage. So that necessary alternatives can be adopted to avoid major consequences. The impact of policy cannot be judged in advance on account of some complex environments prevailing in certain societies of then country. Some times this may develop some unforeseen elements in the economic strategy of the country. For example if the government has the decision to implement taxes on certain type of vehicles then there may develop hybrid type of vehicles to escape from the imposition of chronic taxes. Usually the intention of tax imposition will be to increase the revenue of government treasures. But this type of unforeseen events makes the policy implementation partly successful. These types of outcomes can be viewed both in public administration as well as international public administration. Analyzing of policy Policy cycle is the tool commonly employing to measure the impact of policy implementation. This process contains the analyzing of problem, adoption, policy formulation, policy development, consultation, coordination, decision, implementation and evaluation. The policy cycle with these factors have certain classical outlines. Policy structure Policies are created as written documents in both public administration and international administration levels. This policy formulation is generally authorized by officials of executive cadre. They are also capable to declare that the policy has come into force. The document also reveals the intention of policies going to impose. In a general policy we can come across following constituents so particularly. Purpose- here the organization clearly mentions the reason for implementing the policy and the common outcomes expecting by the company. General impact – the documents describe to which category of people or society is affected by the policy implementation. The intention of the policy will be to make it applicable to certain group of people or organizations to avoid unforeseen incidents. The target of the policy can be clearly understood from the structure of the policy developing. Time of policy implementation- in the policy documents the executives have clearly mentioned the date on which the policy comes in to effect. Thus people get enough time to prepare themselves to face the impact of the policies coming in force. Commitments by the policies- the policy often mention the matters to be performed by the policy imposition. They will also mention the media by which the policies can be diversified. If this is a business matter the policy will clearly point out the measures to be taken to improve the business promotion. Some times the policy may suggest developing a business promotion council for a better outcome. Then, such councils will have full responsibilities to make profits and developments in the business sectors. The councils must have foreseeing ability to create a better market trend of the company business. Nature of contents in policy- the contents in the policy is capable to point out the requirements, rules, regulations and alterations needed in the organizational level. To avoid complexity it is better to make the contents so simple. The contents are liable to be changed according to the requirements of the organizational environments. Definition of complex matters- the tied up nature of the contents in the policy statements should be revealed meaningfully, so that the complex phrases and words can be cleared properly. This is very important to avoid future consequences and disputes. History of policy creation- certain policies may mention the environments which forced the organization to create such policies. This information is very valuable as far as the policy implementations are concerned. The background matters will be highly evaluated by the public when the policy comes in to force. Policy formulations The structure of the policy clearly reflects the planning and performance to be adopted to achieve desired result both in national and international public administration levels. The policy’s motto will be reformation of the concerned organization from the negative impacts already prevailing. They will be highly informative and capable to create developments. The formulations of policies in the international administrative level are of different types. They can be implemented according to requirements. Constituent policies- these policies are to improve executive cadre powers. These can be dealt by laws. Fiscal policy is an alternative to this policy. Regulatory policies- these are to develop limitations in individuals and agencies. This is a kind of behavioral policy which is forced to implement to achieve a particular goal. With the help of this policy some good customs can be developed and simultaneously bad customs can be abolished. Violation of this regulatory act can be punished by means of laws. The implementation of regulatory policy will be successful both in internal and national administrative level. Effect of Policy Formulations and Implementation Certain times the implementation of policies may develop discontent by the countrymen. This should be considered before the formulations of the policy and adequate measures are to be adopted. To avoid consequences the implementation process of the policy should be subjected to tremendous research before the process of formulation of that policy. Moreover the research on this matter is capable to provide proper guidance in the implementation process. The research process is mainly of case studies regarding policy implementation. The study also deals the field of causes and consequences of policy implementation. Thus the research process on policy formulations enables to develop a successful policy implementation. The political management has some serious roles in policy formulations and implementations of effective policies. Support from the political background enables legislatives to enforce the policy on the public. The program management which has got some influence on policy implementation and formulation is the World Bank decisions. World Bank’s financial assistance can do a great deal in implementing the financially based policies in a nation. Environmental analysis, self evaluation and competitor analysis are to be performed perfectly to attain the required goal. Implementation of policies related to countries natural resources can be made successful by the resource management groups. This mainly includes the agriculture, irrigation and forest resources. Communication and information is the other management branch which can boost the policy formulation and implementation to a great deal. Enforcement of policy and policy strategy can be made aware to the public by means of this management groups. Thus the coordination of these management groups will help to make the policy formulation and implementation a grand success. The process of public administration is a list of activities which enables the government to deal the implementation and formulation policies in public and international level. Analysis of the programs and plans to be implemented is capable to produce drastic changes in public administration and management at both national and international levels. Conclusion New set of global environments make the process of administration a great challenge. By institutional adaptations and reformation of the management the international administration can be made faultless. More awareness and realization programs can be developed by conducting conferences in administrative levels. The policy implementation enables the public administration wing to perform their commitments for the wellbeing of the society. Proper management in administration provide very good channel to do their commitments towards the public. Such government can protect the people’s fundamental rights and provide a better environment for living comfortably. Another mechanism of proper administration is by decentralization of power. Thus the governments can improve their capacity to the international organization level. The analysis process is capable to guide the government to rule within framework of international systems. Hence while implementing and formulating policies the administrative sections should bear their people first, because they are the key factors who can convert the administrative capabilities with respect to the internal levels. Hence it is not ideal for the public administration to forget the public. References: Alexander.c.Heckman , “public policy formulation and Administration , http://glennschool.osu.edu/current/current_assets/syllabus/801%20Syllabus%20Heckman%20AU09.pdf, 2009, web.15.mar.2010. Andre,Turcotte,“executive programme in political management” http://www.manningcentre.ca/content/executive-program-political-management-0 , Mar.2008.web. . 15.mar.2010 Bondar,florine, “formulation of public policyfrom line management to strategic function”,http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/NISPAcee/UNPAN025564.pdf , web. 15.mar.2010 “Consultant: Natural Resource Management Programme Formulation Expert UNDP/SAISEM VA No. 2010-02-074, Kabul”, http://unjobs.org/vacancies/1266657016427, feb.20.2010.web.mar.15.2010 Suebsawangkul, Aticha. "Politics of Land Reform: Policy Formulation, Implementation, and Evaluation in South Korea and Thailand" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association 67th Annual National Conference, The Palmer House Hilton, Chicago, IL, . 2010-03-11http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p360409_index.html Read More