Contradicting and Acquisition - Assignment Example

Contradicting and Acquisition Authorization: The process of accessing to various resources, granting or denying access to certain network resources. Authorization may also refer to as an important functional legislation passed by every institution and which continues the legal operation of an agency or Federal program either indefinitely or for a given period. For successive arrogations, such legislation must be a qualification or any other kinds of budget authority which is confined in the institutions appropriation law (Defense, 2009) Appropriation: The use of pre-existing authorized legislation to allow federal agencies to make payments out of the treasury and incur such duties for a given design.

Appropriation does not necessarily represent cash. Instead, it represents the amount for a given purpose as stated in the appropriation act which the companies are obligated to during a given period as noted in the appropriation act. It is most important for it helps the companies spend federal funds (Warde, 2010). Difference between authorization and appropriation: The constitution usually grants its congress the power of appropriation for agencies and federal spending. The federal programs are authorized by some senate rules and activities of appropriation follows.

Congress usually breaks the rules because the rules carry no constitutional weight or no statutory weight. The authorization-appropriation process serves as a highway in enacting federal spending. So the congress is authorized before appropriation takes place whereby budget authority is provided to federal agencies that incur obligations and make payment out of the treasury (Gibbler, 2006). Obligations: Legal actions or responsibilities made by federal agencies at a given period. The actions may include different transactions made by them and they may include the number of orders received, services received, different contracts awarded among others.

Obligation results to the amount of payment made including advances, amount of checks issued, reimbursement and net of refunds during the same period or in the future (Smith, 1976). Expenditure: It is a charge on current cash that results when agencies settle an obligation as evidenced by receipts, voucher and invoice. Federal agencies spend authorized funds in some of the federal programs. Gross outlays are disbursement that is, cash, and fewer funds received. Net outlays involve disbursement minus reimbursement collected.

Some of the federal agencies expenditure includes the cost of war, cost of war machineries, and payments on the armed force sector (Premchand, 1993). Commitment: This refers to an engagement or dedication or an act of referring a legislative bill to committee. The federal agencies develop federal programs that they dedicate much time and a huge amount of finance to see it work as expected. Commitments are accounting actions. This administrative reservation may be committed to change federal rights.

So, the companies are dedicated to a set target. The constitution also commits the department of defense to work according to some guidelines to attain set goals (Shore & Sandy J., 1993). Order of occurrence of obligation, expenditure and commitment in procurement: in procurement companies make commitments then work to meet their target. After they make commitments they must have some obligation that are legal actions taken at a given period. Then, they lastly undergo some expenditure as they try to make their transactions ends meet.

Recording and reporting of commitments in procurement is very essential followed by obligation than expenditure.ReferenceDefense, U. (2009). The Dictionary of Military Terms. New York: Skyhorse Publishing, Inc.Gibbler, J. (2006). The federal budget process: a glossary of terms. New York: Novinka Books.Premchand, A. (1993). Public expenditure management. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund.Shore, S., & Sandy J. (1993). Commitment And Employee Behavior: Comparison Of Affective Commitment And Continuance Commitment With Perceived Organizational Support.

Journal of Applied Psychology, 774-780.Smith, J. (1976). Legal obligation. University of Toronto Press.Warde, A. (2010). Appropriation. Los Angeles, Calif. [u.a.: SAGE. .