Employment Conditions and Impacts of New Technologies - Essay Example

Employment conditions and impacts of new technologies Changes in employment patterns in broadcast media In the current information economy, creativity and knowledge are quickly transforming to become powerful engines that facilitate the economy growth. This has in years, had profound implications for development and trade. For the industrial economies that are advanced, information economy is by now a leading edge from which a country’s wealth originates, and an integral part to increasing competitiveness. From a wider perspective, a nation’s human capital lays the parameters for success. Creativity is also increasingly becoming a chief strategic asset that boosts the economy, to grow, while still determining thriving amalgamation, into the rapidly altering world economy. Technically, broadcasting is a specific and somehow easy business comprising of sound and view transmissions to the audiences. Development in television in the future relies on the rise of medium throughput, possibility to integrate conventional and internet broadcasters, and generate fresh products that will result in integrating all Medias. Although these updates tend to be expensed intensive, they ensure quick return on investments. Journalism and the media in general have been central in embracing new technology, which has caused influential changes, in the employment conditions. The creative industry concept has its origin in Australia, but much significance was attributed to it by UK policy makers, when the creative industries unit and the task were set up. It is an indication of a shift in approach to probable commercial activities from the initial cultural industries. Howkins (2002, 98), has described key roles of Intellectual property classifying them into trademarks, copyright, patents and the ultimate product’s design configuration. The chief industries that comprise the creative industry involve the recording, music, books, newspapers, broadcasting industries among other industries. The creative industry, therefore, is aligned between, the arts, business as well as technology. A strong, reciprocally reinforcing affiliation exists between and amongst the dissimilar inventive end economically distinctive activities that comprise the faction of creative industries, which vary from upstream actions, such as conventional arts, performing, literature and visual arts to the downstream activities which involve design, advertising and other media connected activities (Cunningham, 2005, 285). Therefore, creativity is resulting into being a significant input, employed in the production procedure of products, as it is deployed with a specifically high level of professional particularity. These results to activities referred to as the creative industries such as the IT advancements. These creative industries have contributed to an estimated seven percent world GDP according to the World Bank. Furthermore, according to the UK department for culture media and sports creative industries are already generating over ?110 billion of revenues and employed 1.3 million employees. Numerous other developed nations’ including Canada, Sweden, and Australia have also managed to triumph in applying their foothold, in these industries, and they are progressively achieving a gateway, to the novel information economy. Creative industries are immensely contributing to employment creation, and export progression in most leading developing nations; however, currently their potential is broadly unrealized. Fundamentally, they are indeed always correlated with a wobbly structure of job security, with stumpy value added and restricted export earnings. Consequently, there is a pressing requirement to modernize the sector and also strengthen the local capacities such that they augment their contribution to the creation of income thus contributing to reducing poverty. According to UNCTAD continuing research, industries from the creative sector are not only generating more labor and capital or even the conventional technologies, but they are heavily based in most nations’ cultural contexts (McRobbie, 2002, 8). Technology advancement and the media developments have immensely contributed to the increasing alterations in employment and earnings which is reflected to changing social attitudes. The media have been in the center of promoting gender equity and roles which has also influenced working environments. In the contemporary world, nearly all occupations and sectors are more gender balanced than they were in the past four decades. However, the achievement of this has been slow and patchy. The comparatively high employment is moderated by realizing that about 40 percent or women work part time, which has been a consistent figure. Conversely, only 10% of men are concentrated into a narrow range of occupations, whereby they are entitled to broader pay gap. Motherhood is a chief variable in the trend as it affects the working schedule from full time to part time more so during birth periods. Part time allows the population to balance work responsibilities with family commitments and societal life. More horizontal and vertical employment segregation persists as household responsibilities remain unevenly distributed. The UK consists of a slightly above average gender pay gap in comparison to other EU nations. Numerous challenges are still evident resulting from pay and value, time use, as well as cultural differences, which all contribute, to the labor market equity. The employment conditions of the modern world are contextualized within the economy which is shaped by globalization, escalating inequality, and novel employment forms. The employment patterns in regard to gender have significantly shifted from the 1980s epoch to the contemporary time. Nowadays the number of women employed has significantly risen. This is majorly attributed to shifting social attitudes and smaller families, thus enhancing employment among population. Furthermore, the witnessed employment trends of the modern world are as a result of numerous persons more so women having higher education qualifications. This has led to increased number of learned and specialized populations from both genders driving the economy. Therefore, with technology these populations are able not only increase employment opportunities but as well ensure that better, suitable and humane conditions are established in working places. For instance, education tends to attract women into the workforce by instilling more career oriented attitudes in them and enhancing their potential salaries in the market of labor. Furthermore, better working conditions, offer populace wider opportunities for job satisfaction, as well as social interaction within their working place, or with other workers, from different organizations. This is attained through unions and other social forums such as workshops and workers social events (Deuze, 2007, 123). Opportunities in the sector Creativity opens up novel opportunities to increase the share in the global trade and join in fresh areas of wealth generations. Cunningham (2005, 288) argues that the label creative industries brought about the enterprise dynamics of arts and culture to the limelight. In the UK, the word was further extended, in the 90s, to underscore the economic contribution of commercial cultural production, leisure activities and entertainment, as well as the economic potential, of numerous subsidized cultural activities. The creative industry entails individual creativity, skill and talent which are critical in wealth and job establishment through the generation of intellectual property ((Maramotti, 2000, 208). For the precedent four decades, there were profound alterations in the gender involvement of the workforce and more broadly in social settings, resulting to enhanced gender equity. Presently, workplaces are less segregated women are quickly taking over positions of power and responsibility, while men are gradually becoming involved in childcare these trends were unheard of in the convention times where gender roles were predefined, men were to work while women’s main tasks were to household keeping. However, technology, globalization and the media have assisted in demystifying these notions to create a new world where all people are considered productive regardless of their gender. Technology has further improved greater accessibility to gender disaggregated data, which aids meticulous knowledge of differential; positioning in the labor market as well as with home. In several ways, currently the is an existence of greater symmetry in gender disparities; however the convergence has been primarily partisan. With women being partly incorporated into the largely unmodified muscular model of working, to a greater extent, men have been aligned toward the feminized world, of domestic reproduction and care. The variations in gender inequality and demerits are further influenced by social class and ethnicity. The EU in its quest to promote an open and competitive inner market, for the information society involving the media, aim to establish i2010, which seeks to create a single European information space providing affordable and protected soaring-bandwidth communications, rich and varied content and digital services. This is intended to elevate the broadband services in Europe as well as facilitate novel services and internet content. They aim to achieve this by modernizing the legal structure for audio-visual services and making any necessary adaptations to community acquits influencing information society and the services of the media. Skills and Competencies Journalism companies require learning to handle tomorrow's chances as knowledgeably as they run present's businesses. The unearthing of novel competitive liberty is helped when a business has a set of expertise generalists that could shift from one discipline to the next. The new market growth in Journalism could be prepared by establishing the ability to redistribute the human resources rapidly from one business opening to the next. It is the peak administration's duty to motivate the business with a vision of discrete goals and aid them to attain and achieve the set goal. Building central ability becomes vital to aggressive advantage construction, since advantages originating from the merchandise-price-performance-transactions are nearly short term. Particularly in an age where technologies are changing the existing limits of trade; benefit can last merely through capability enjoyed at the exceptional roots of merchandises. Merely through know-how over numerous technologies and a total command on their countless multiplicity of users, a journalism corporation can take up a decidedly beneficial position. An association's management requires consolidating business-wide technologies and creation skills into competencies that sanction personal businesses to acclimatize speedily to altering opportunities. The firm is similar to a tree that breeds from its roots; central products are nurtured by competencies as well as create business components, whose advantages are products (Jobs for the Future, 2000, 17). Three analyses are recommended to make out core competencies in a business: a central competence offers probable access to an extensive collection of marketplaces it ought to make a noteworthy input to the perceived client advantages of the product, and lastly a central competence ought to be intricate for contestants to emulate. The core merchandises offer a concrete link amid identified central competencies as well as the products. The actual competitive benefit lies in incorporating processes for the purpose of striking demand excellence objectives or attaining specialized client needs. Effect of Casualisation on Collective Bargaining Before configuring the degree of casualization, it is imperative to unload what the perception entails. Conventionally, casual labor denoted work carried out for described period and throughout climax business era. Casual employees will be summoned to be in part of full time employees in periods of elevated business activity, chiefly in retail. The preponderance of labor laws in the journalism perspective still depends on this description of casual work. The increase of uncharacteristic employees requires a reinvestigation into what it requires to be an employee, in addition to the discernment, of the work itself. The account prefers an expandable designation of casualisation to talk about substandard and nonpermanent service relations, for example, provisional work; permanent term contracts, continuing labor and outsourcing/delegation. It is as well significant to make an additional distinction amid casuals that are hired openly by the corporations or those acquired via outsourcing and delegation understanding. Characteristically, hold up services, for instance, cleaning, cookery and storehouses and in several cases shipping and allotment; safety are subcontracted. In various activities, the whole or fraction of the journal commerce activity like advertising is outsourced hazing the line flanked by ‘primary’ and ‘non-primary’ activities (Bramble & Barchiesi, 2003, 77). The claim for suppleness is tied to the business reformation in numerous divisions of the economy. Employment liberalization has heralded the confined financial system to competition from inside any expanse and peripheral competition. Worldwide competitiveness is consequently among the motives instigating casualisation. Traditionally firms concentrated on diminishing their labor expenses joined with strategies, to perk up their merchandise to sustain or uphold market share. List of references Bramble, T., & Barchiesi, F., (2003), Rethinking the Labor Movement in the "New South Africa". Burlington, Vt, Ashgate. Cunningham, D. S., (2005), Creative enterprises. In Hartley, John (Ed.) Creative Industries, Blackwell Publishing, United States of America, Massachusetts, Malden, pp. 282-298. Deuze, M., (2007), Media work, Cambridge: Polity. Howkins, J., (2002), The Creative Economy. London: Penguin. Jobs for the Future, Inc. (2000), Skills and Competencies: An Overview. Stamford, Ct, Jobs for the Future. Maramotti, L., (2000), Connecting Creativity inHartley, J (2005) Creative Industries, Blackwell Publishing. pp 205-213. McRobbie, A., (2002), Clubs To Companies: Notes On The Decline Of Political Culture In Speeded Up Creative Worlds, Pp. 1-15. < http://www.variant.org.uk/events/art+labour/Clubs%20to%20Companies.pdf> Read More