A Framework of an Information System for Healthcare Services - Essay Example

A framework of an information system for a small business affiliated: Introduction Information and communication technology (ICT) has led to enhanced change in the provision and managing of intellectual healthcare services. A medical record that is electronically is an improved way of storing medical information system. Most of the Electronic Clinical Record duplicate the structure used in the records that are paper-based; all the data connected to the nursing and cure of a patient included in the Paper Record. According to research, Paper-based Record cannot maintain well the work of patient care in a sufficiently-organized manner. The framework of an information system proposed build will enable proper utilization and high efficiency of health records. Problem description In the manual healthcare system, administration among clinicians is very poor. Admission of the sick is being done pointlessly in the health center, undesirable drug reaction is taking place because clinicians are not aware of drugs prescribed, and several tests are being planned. The clinical error normally causes death and the document work done by the clinicians can simply be misplaced. Hospitals or clinics can implement use of EHR technology; which will boost improvements in the wellbeing and safety of the patient (Carter, 2008). The time that the patients and nurses spend in filling paper work and wait to be attended, can be reduced. The time is minimized by using the projected outline of an IT scheme. Also, the results from the labs will be delayed since they have to be scanned by the nurses and saved to the system. Insurance verification process will cause a delay because the biller has to make sure that insurance are correct, and the patient has the required authorization. Constraints The proposed system has a major constraint which deals with information security. The susceptible data of the patient is dealt with great concern. Ethical issues associated with this kind of practice are constraints to the proposed system. The physician and the staff should have high morals and ethics while attending to the customers. They should stick to the strategy, rules and policy provided by the government and additional authorities (Weerasinghe, 2009). Data backup, levels of access to patients data and system login considered. The passwords should be good enough, and the system should not be accessible by unauthorized person. Complex password will help to prevent hackers from hacking the system (Burgess, 2002). Any nurse login into the system to prescribe drugs to a patient should have the permission from a physician. The type of codes and encoding language considered when designing the system. Assumptions The project depends on the relationship of a Physician with a clinical system with which he/she is a workforce member. The chosen SDLC in implementation of the project will be model determined and based on succeeding version to ensure information reliability and functionality. Appropriate information length constraint imposed by bodies like HIPAA, CISDC policy will be followed sternly but reserved as a standalone file. Current business processes Most hospitals have about 18 processes; only 5 focused in major medical areas such as clinical processes and treatment. The rest of the processes are related to support functions whose effectiveness is directly related to the efficiency of the medical process and the whole clinic. In the 18 mentioned processes, 3 major flow-works affect clinics. The workflows include flow of people, money flow, and supplies flow that have equal opportunities in every workflow so as to optimize them well. Most key process in the hospital can apply the following: expiration of obsolescence and medication of supplies contribute 1-3% of all the operating costs in the wards which can be reduced by 25% within a span of 90 days; (Amatayakul, 2012). Some policies should be formulated to ensure best services and privacy of the patients. The policies and procedures followed include length of patient stay to be reduced by 30%; overall equipment efficiency should be reduced by 30%; equipment overall efficiency should be increased by 24%, and asset utilization for lab should be improved by 60%, and consumable perishable wastages should be reduced by 70% (Carter, 2008). A physician should apply the most excellent tools to standardize procedures and processes to improve the areas of sick people care. Data collections and analysis Collection of data is very vital in every project. In this case, the data collection method which used is the questionnaires and telephone calls. The data that should be collected by the nurses and physician include vital signs of the patients, reasons for a visit, treatment provided by the clinic, demographics and medications, patients past medical history, data from the laboratories, radiology reports, and immunizations. The clinic should make use of digital questionnaires in the collection of statistics. The hospital or clinic should use data warehousing. The uses of SQL server, includes apparatus for extraction and examination of data for online analytical processing (OLAP). The questionnaires used are downloaded from the hospital’s website and then the patients should mail it through emails back to the clinic. Clinics should make use of CART; an efficient tool and application used for compilation and inspection of importance progress facts. The tool can help hospitals broadly to collect, manage and evaluate quality progress data. The hospital can get this application at no charge (Tan & Payton, 2010). An information scheme which mainly related between a physician’s workplace and his clinic would be capable of capturing and storing data from whichever place giving access to diagnostics from locations of the satellite. Added functionality could include ability to gather data in real time from a remote monitor or an inbound Emergency transport vehicle. Digital forms can be sent to the patient through emails and clinic websites where by the patient login in and fill it. Fig. an example of digital form Data and system security Patient’s privacy protection and securing their health information is a major requirement for Electronic Health Record Medicare. Some basic cyber security practices are required to guard the reliability, privacy and ease of use of wellbeing information in EHR system. The hospital should carry out a safety review of its EHR system and any observation that will make information of the patient susceptible corrected. Security measures to protect the data of the patients include: physical safeguards that are building and installing alarm systems, and screens have shield from secondary viewers. The systems and computers should have secure password, data encryption, backing up data and do virus checks. Employees should have different access levels to the patient’s electronic health record and the database of the clinic. Senior employees should only be allowed to acquire all the information of the patient (Tan & Payton, 2010). Monthly review of user activities should be conducted to refill the information accessed. Culture of protecting patient privacy must is being created in the clinic. It leads to creation of an environment in the workplace that is defensive information of the patient. Ethical issues In order to enhance safeguarding of patient information, the workers and staff must know how to implement procedures, policies, and security audits. The workforce in the clinic is teaching on the clinic’s measures and policy. All the staff must obtain proper training on violation warning. Employees training and learning plus a customs that value patient’s privacy are very crucial in risk management. The workers should be trained to stick to the hospital’s safety policy and appreciate their responsibilities and the prospective penalty of not following them. The training will equip the staff with the necessary policy of the company. The staff will understand the benefits of ethics and responsibilities in maintaining the patient’s health records security. When security and privacy of electronic health information enhance, trust from the patients is increased which will enable them provide more information ( Shoniregun, Dube, & Mtenzi, 2010. The pharmacists should be capable and honest. Patients should recognize that they can openly look for for aid and guidance from the pharmacists. A physician must value the human rights of the patient and guard their wellbeing. The patient should be responded to by the physician expertly and promptly, without partiality or prejudice in a case of urgent medical situation. A physician must communicate effectively and truthfully with his patients and make sure they secure their informed permission of treatment, unless the necessity of the patient’s condition requires an instant response. Pharmacists must sustain societal hard work to improve community safety and health so as to decrease the effects of illness and injury and protected access to an urgent situation and other basic wellbeing for all. System requirements and recommendations Inputs of patient’s data from patient’s home, protected access at Physician and Nurse Place of work, and from the records stream instantaneous monitor apparatus must be permitted by the software used. A system that is web based can permit initial patient’s data to be collected by a dumb point in the workstation or from patient’s computer when he/she gets Email appointment confirmation linked to an input screen that is web-based. The software must request username and password for access to data, only after authentication will allow access to the system. Greater levels of fault rectification and input justification must be the software’s high priority. It must allow the physician browse past medical records of his/her patient only. The software must identify the patient by a unique numeric identifier derived from a function performed on the patient’s birth date (Pour, 1999). The application ought to recover, update, and keep information from several key in location include physician place of work, hospital, clinics, and electronically monitoring tools. The application should also permit patient to look at their own medical information online allowing change only to basic information such as phone number. A changeover from records that are paper-based to EHR in a physician health center requires cautious synchronization of several parts that move. Hard decisions which include: the assortment, training, execution and maintenance. Enabling swift transition, there is the need of practice and training. This is identifying which health records in will convert, will all the records of all patients treated recently? Paper records used in the changeover should be determined and then scanned. Then the appropriate data conversion method is chosen depending on the resources available in the clinic. The conversion can take place by use of manual data concept from paper report, and computer records interfaces between on hand systems such as practice management software and do manuscript imaging of document records (Amatayakul, 2012). References Amatayakul, M. (2012). Process improvement with electronic health records: a stepwise approach to workflow and process management. Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press. Burgess, S. (2002). Managing information technology in small business challenges and solutions. Hershey, PA: Idea Group Pub.. Carter, J. H. (2008). Electronic health records: a guide for clinicans and administrators (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: American College of Physicians. Lima, S. N., Johns, L., & Liebler, J. G. (1998). A practical introduction to health information management. Gaithersburg, Md.: Aspen Publishers. Nemati, H. R., & Barko, C. D. (2004). Organizational data mining leveraging enterprise data resources for optimal performance. Hershey, PA: Idea Group Pub.. Pour, M. (1999). Managing Information Technology Resources in Organizations in the Next Millennium. S.l.: Information Science Reference. Shoniregun, C. A., Dube, K., & Mtenzi, F. (2010). Electronic healthcare information security. New York: Springer. Tan, J. K., & Payton, F. C. (2010). Adaptive health management information systems concepts, cases, and practical applications (3rd ed.). Sudbury, Mass.: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Walker, J. M., Walker, J. M., Bieber, E. J., & Richards, F. (2005). Implementing an electronic health record system. London: Springer. Weerasinghe, D. (2009). Electronic healthcare First International Conference, eHealth 2008 London, UK, September 8-9 2008 ; Revised Selected Papers. Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New York, NY: Springer. Read More