Leach and Energy Usage in Wireless Networks - Literature review Example

Running head: Leach And Energy Usage in Wireless Networks LEACH AND ENERGY USAGE IN WIRELESS NETWORKS Paper Inall the wireless sensor networks, energy is often limited and the sensor nodes are usually deployed randomly. The random deployment requires energy, which necessitates the reduction in the consumption of energy. To increase the lifespan of the sensor nodes, Low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) which detects network defaults will be used. Low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) is mainly designed for the sensor networks in cases where the end user intends to remotely monitor and control the environment. Its main goal is to lower the consumption of energy needed in the creation and maintenance of clusters so as to improve the wireless sensor networks. Introduction Low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) is a communications protocol that has overcome some of the limitations of various routing protocols on wireless sensor networks. It is mainly meant for wireless sensor networks where an end user intends to remotely monitor and control his/her environment. To achieve this, data obtained from various nodes is sent to a focal base station in the sensor networks; which enables the end user to access the network. Wireless sensor networks have found use in the economy of late and therefore the need to manage the energy constraints. Localization, fusion, and routing have been the areas of interests especially in dealing with the constraints of energy in the wireless sensor networks. Energy is determinant in the duration and lifetime of the system. Many studies and advancements have been carried out to solve energy management in various wireless sensor nodes. Cluster routing protocols have also been improved to increase energy management in WSNs. It is undeniable that clustering is one of the most proven ways of prolonging the lifetime of networks for the wireless sensor networks which are energy constrained .The dissipation of energy in networks has been at the Centre stage for the effective functioning and lifetime of systems. Wireless distribution microsensor systems enable many networks found in the military and public domain. The dissipation of energy is therefore important in the wireless networks since it determines their effectiveness and reliability. The discussion in the below paper will analyze five reviewed academic journals to analyze the thesis statement that; the low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy protocol (LEACH) detects the faults on the network by transmitting and analyzing the periodical queries from the centralized node and increases the life span of the sensor nodes by balancing the energy consumption of the entire system with the help of cluster heads, which will significantly improve the energy efficiency. Discussion Low –Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) is a clustering-based protocol that utilizes rotation of local cluster heads to distribute the power load evenly among the network sensors. As a group routing protocol, LEACH ensures that the probability of a node being a cluster head is equal, and, therefore, the energy dissipation is balanced (Mo, Wang, Liu, & Yang, 2013). The localized coordination used by LEACH facilitates the robustness and scalability of dynamic networks and integrates fusion of data in the routing protocol. LEACH can attain a factor of eight reductions in the dissipation of energy as a result it becomes more efficient than conventional routing protocols. As a result, the longevities of the networks double ability of LEACH to spread energy dissipation in the sensors evenly. There are various routing protocols that ensure efficient use of energy in the wireless sensor node and enhance life and quality of the protocol. Therefore, LEACH protocol improves and increases the performance of wireless sensor networks. (Mo, Wang, Liu, & Yang, 2013) An article by Zytoune, Fakhri, & Aboutajdine, (2010) holds that clustering offers a reliable method that prolongs the WSN lifetime. It analyzes the efficiency of energy in routing protocols especially cluster routing about wireless sensor network. The LEACH protocol was found to be the most efficient routing protocol investigated. LEACH has the merit of ensuring that the nodes on the network have an equal probability of becoming a cluster head. This ensures that there is a balance in the dissipation of energy respective nodes. The time factor is divided into various cycles and in every cycle, every node is given an equal competitive change at becoming a cluster head regarding the laid criterion. Therefore setting the length of time at each cycle is important to determine the network longevity and increase its throughput. The functions of performance and lifetime linked to the length of time of every period are determined. Performance and time range can help cluster-based networks to perform better. Therefore, LEACH protocol helps much in improving systems which translates to enhancement on the performance of network equipment. (Zytoune, Fakhri, & Aboutajdine, 2010) Wireless sensor networks consist of devices that have minute batteries, which have restricted energy resources. It is difficult to maintain the devices because of their limited energy resources. The auxiliary of the energy source is not practicable among the minor sensor nodes of the networks since they are unapproachable to the network operator (Bajaber & Awan, 2014). Therefore, the maintenance of the energy used is significant. This necessitates the need to proficiently use the active energy to increase the longevity of the network. As a result, many designs of energy ability network protocols have been developed and put into practice but they have only solved the problem of energy dissipation to a small extent with the aim of increasing the duration of the network. The improved version of Leach called I-LEACH has improved the performance of the nodes in the networks. I- LEACH uses residual energy to choose a cluster head as opposed to LEACH, which uses probability. Therefore the differentiation of power of the different nodes by I-LEACH is to ensure that cluster heads are near each sensor node. I-LEACH has taken a lead over LEACH since it has enhanced the efficiency of the wireless sensor networks in saving more energy over a 10000m2. (Bajaber & Awan, 2014) The quality of service and efficiency of energy are very important in the applications of wireless sensor networks. Energy saving among wireless networks is an important step that can improve the performance of the systems. The authors developed a practical passive cluster based disjoint to a single multipath routing protocol that satisfies the energy efficiency requirements. The LEACH protocol ensures that there is proper maintenance of the wireless sensor nodes especially energy dissipation which affects the longevity of the wireless sensor networks. The constraints of energy loss are a disadvantage to wireless sensor networks and usually reduce there lifespan. LEACH uses a cluster-based algorithm that clusters the sensor nodes in the network to spread energy distribution to the sensor nodes. The clustering of the various sensor nodes ensures that energy is used efficiently and prevents any loss increase in its efficiency. The different sensor nodes periodically undergo clustering and, therefore, little energy is used in the nodes hence energy reduction. (Hong, Kook, Lee, Kwon, & Yi, 2009) All the four authors in concurrence that there is need to prolong the lifetime of wireless sensor network. Most of them also hold that there is the reduction of energy dissipation when using LEACH network protocol. Authors of the articles state that the quality of service and energy efficiency is very important when one is applying the wireless sensor networks. Gaps of the study The studies have not focused on the use of residual energy in the reduction of energy consumption. Limited resources of the power supplies of sensors nodes become difficult for the efficient requirements of applications associated with the networks. The LEACH protocols do not take into account the residual energy. Therefore, studies need to be carried out on the limitations of LEACH systems where they cannot not only distribute power among the clustered energy but also distribute according to the residual energy in the sensors. Suggestions on the flaws Various advancements have involved the coming up of various softwares and the result has been the improvement in the reduction of energy dissipation in the wireless sensor nodes. Some Programs like PEGASIS help in energy reduction in the wireless sensor nodes. The PEGASIS software causes a reduction in energy consumption in the sensors and hence improves there efficiency. Chain cluster based mixed routing is another technology that ensures that the benefits of LEACH are used to the maximum. Extended LEACH protocol has been used to improve the efficiency of LEACH especially clustering the nodes in the introduction of I-LEACH. The I-LEACH focuses on clustering residual energy in the sensor nodes which in turn reduces energy dissipation. Future studies should focus on the synchronization of time, computation minimization, and memory usage minimization just to name a few. How Leach protocol detects the faults. Leach protocol detects the faults by randomly selecting the nodes ass cluster heads. This happens as periodic reelection for the CHs is carried out. It ensures there is the energy dissipation within various nodes in the network. Conclusion It is unarguable that hierarchical and clustering mechanism in wireless sensor networks aids in the reduction of the overhead created and the consumption of energy when all the nodes within the network are sending information to a focal point. Wireless sensor networks are gaining use in many sectors of the economy and therefore it is important to take into account its lifespan. At first, the wireless networks used much energy; however, clustered network protocols were developed to reduce energy dissipation. LEACH network has made a mark in the energy conservation and prevention of dissipation in wireless sensor networks. As mentioned above we can see that LEACH has been extensively modified to provide better energy management platforms in WSNs. The efficient management of energy in the wireless sensor network is an important area of research that needs further study. Various recent innovations have ensured that there is adequate power reduction in the protocols used in the wireless sensor networks. Advancements in the LEACH networks have been indispensable in dissipation of wireless sensor networks. References Bajaber, F., & Awan, I. (2014). An efficient cluster-based communication protocol for wireless sensor networks. Telecommunication Systems, 55(3), 387-401. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11235-013-9794-y Hong, J., Kook, J., Lee, S., Kwon, D., & Yi, S. (2009). Jin, R., Gao, T., Song, J., Zou, J., & Wang, L. (2013). Passive cluster-based multipath routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. Wireless Networks, 19(8), 1851-1866. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11276-013-0570-4 Mo, Y., Wang, B., Liu, W., & Yang, L. T. (2013). A sink-oriented layered clustering protocol for wireless sensor networks. Mobile Networks and Applications, 18(5), 639-650. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11036-013-0443-1 Zytoune, O., Fakhri, Y., & Aboutajdine, D. (2010). A fairly balanced clustering algorithm for routing in wireless sensor networks. Sensor Review, 30(3), 242-249. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602281011051434 Read More