Plan an effective IT infrastructure based on the needs of an organization - Essay Example

Effective IT infrastructure based on the organization’s needs Number Internet technologies employed for in-home access vary according to the needs of the homeowner. There a number of internet network connection options available for home users. These include;DSL – Digital Subscriber Line.Cable modem internet.Dial up internet.ISDN – Integrated Service Digital Network.Satellite Internet.T1 and T3 leased line networks.Broadband over power Line.Wireless Broadband internet (Wimax).Cellular Internet.

A comparison based on some factors will reveal practical as well as technical differences between them.DSL service designed for home users is able to deliver a downstream and upstream speed of up to 700 kbps and 100 Kpbs respectively. Where more speed is required a more advanced service is capable of delivering up to 3.0 Mbps with slightly higher charges (Sengar, 2009). DLS connections are designed to transmit multimedia and high speed data via telephone lines. Wireless connections can also be achieved through wireless broadband routers.

A cable modem connection just like the DLS provide high speed asymmetrical connection rates. The connection is through an Ethernet network interface card usually provided by a service company. Despite their growing popularity, cable companies have encountered huge costs of replacing their local loop cables with fiber optic cables to attain high bandwidths. There only demerit is its decreased throughput resulting from concentrated connections within a geographical area. Unlike other connections, cable companies use DOCSI v3 specifications.

T-1 and T-3 are a form of leased line connection capable of attaining a data and voice speed of 1.5Mbps and 45Mbps respectively. The difference in speeds translates to a drastic cost implication for the latter. As compared to other forms of internet connection, leased line service are generally more expensive. The only advantage over other networks is its ability to provide permanent and active data connection without the need for dial up services. In addition, T-1 networks can be customized.

With a 24 individual telephone and data line at 56kps, it provides a flexible data rate as per the user needs.Dial up connections require a telephone line to establish a server connection. A “dial up”number provides a link that initiates the connection process. It is the cheapest of all the services. However, the speed and stability provides a challenge. With a maximum speed of 56Kps it lags behind compared to other technologies. An improvement of the dial up connection resulted in ISDN.

ISDN uses a circuit switch and a dedicated line. ISDN allows parallel data and telephone transmission (Laan, 2011).Frame relay, just like ATM provides high speed, packet-switched service for sending data between two local or long-distant regions. Both are layer 2 protocal meaning that they can be used in a twisted pair and fiber optic cable. However ATM differ from frame relay in a number of ways. ATM incorporates a mechanism where data is sent in a small 53-byte packages referred to as cells.

This splitting of cells into small packages promotes efficient data transfer. It is also a fully switched network. Whereas ATM networks support voice, video and data services, frame relay does not. Both connections establish a PVC to transfer data between two points. In the case of ATM, a logical connection called VCC must be established over a virtual path connection. The historical 1984 ruling to break up AT&T had an important effect on the telephone infrastructure in the USA. AT&T was to control all the long-distance telephone lines while the other companies were to serve local homes and businesses.

As a result the break up led to competition between the more than 14,000 companies which eventually bowed out of the business (Gupta, 2010). Out of 23 RBOCs only three survived as per the year 2009. In exception of Bell Telephone, competition were evident among long distance providers. It also revolutionized the ownership of telephones in the USA since people could purchase their own unlike before where services were only leased.As specialization advanced, a local carrier(LECs) introduced better services such as Centrex, private and tie lines, call waiting and conference calls.

PBX service improved the way businesses operate through telephone services such as voice mail, dialing plans and call forwarding. References Gupta. (2010). It Infrastructure & its management. Tata McGraw-Hill Education.Laan, S. (2011). IT Infrastructure architecture:Infrastructure building blocks and concepts. Sjaak Laan, 2011.Sengar, A. (2009). I.T. infrastructure management. S. K. Kataria & Sons.