The Links on the Internet - Essay Example

    For instance, if workstation 1 is downloading a file from Workstation 2, after receiving a data packet, computer 2 sends an acknowledgment for receiving a packet to workstation 1. However, if workstation 1 does not receive an acknowledgment from workstation 2, TCP regenerates the packet again and serenest to Workstation 2. In this way, the transmission is reliable, and data is transmitted inefficiently. In a real-world scenario, an executable file that is downloaded from the Internet must be complete in size to be operational and TCP is up for this task. Whereas, if any chunk of the executable file fails to download, it will not work and become corrupted. Whereas User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a connection-less protocol that is operational on layer 4 of the OSI model. Likewise, UDP is not a reliable protocol for data transmission that supports transaction-oriented services (User Datagram Protocol. 2007). However, UDP can be advantageous for applications such as live video streaming, VoIP services, etc. likewise, if any frame is missed from a video, the video will still carry on resulting in high availability. Moreover, the response of UDP is faster, as no acknowledgment is made for every packet.

Many of the functions of an adapter can be performed in software that runs on the node’s CPU. What are the advantages and disadvantages of moving this functionality from the adapter to the node?

As shown in fig 1the .1, the data link layout to the sender is responsible for hardware encapsulation. However, the source end is responsible for hardware valuation. Similarly, the network layer about the sender is responsible for performing network address translation (NAT). NAT is a method of mapping IP addresses from one group of users to another, at the same time ensuring transparency. Likewise, NAT is also used for privacy issues i.e., it cannot be used from the outbound network for security purposes (Network Address Translation. 2007). Moreover, the receiver’s end on the network layer ensures network valuation, as shown in Fig 1.1. Moreover, the transport layer of both the sender and receiver’s end conducts port encapsulation and port valuation. Furthermore, the session layer is responsible for establishing and terminating data sessions, followed by the presentation layer that ensures data compression and sequencing for both the sender’s and receiver’s end. However, there is a visible communication between the smallest program generating sequence and the amount of compression achieved (Sayood 2005) lastly, the presentation layer network interaction.
     A primary disadvantage comprises computing a datagram from the application layer that relies on resources about central processing unit and memory integrated into dedicated hardware i.e., Ethernet Adapter. However, an advantage would be to get more control of an application interacting with users that will work with dedicated hardware resulting in a complex task. Moreover, the software approach is more efficient for upgrading technology, as hardware upgrades only require a hardware replacement. Likewise, new hardware upgrades provide an adequate abstraction for ensuring user protection. As illustrated in Fig 1. software-based deployments require a large number of metadata to analyze the requirements. As network access layer enforces overheads for headers and data of Ethernet and Token Ring, header and data of Internet Layer comprising of IP address, Transport layer header, and data associated with TCP and UDP. Lastly, Metadata in the form of header and data of application layer about FTP, SMTP, etc.