Advances in Wireless Network - Essay Example

? Advances in Wireless Network Part Two – Expert No: Advances in Wireless Network Part Two – Expert As the technology is advancing, the wireless communication is considered as the major mean of communication between the people and different organizations. The methods utilized for the communication are becoming simples for the general people and becoming more complex for the engineers and related staff of the organizations that are providing the communication. People have now mobile with most of the functions that were never thought when wireless technologies emerged. The basic functions of voice and text communications are considered as the basic functions that early mobiles phones had, but the most modern mobile phones (also known as smart phones) are equipped with Wifi communication, Bluetooth communication, near field communication (NFC) and data communication systems along with basic systems. 1. 802.11n Wireless connections are always determined by the radio mode the communication system is utilizing. The mode of radio signal described by the 802.11n access point provides support for 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11a, 802.11n receptors. The wireless signal can be sent to a number of users at the same time. The 802.11n is capable of supporting and operating at two different frequencies to support to different clients with different operating frequencies. An Access Point of 5GHz is designed 5GHz and an Access Pint of 2.4 GHz is designed to provide communication to the clients, whom are operating at 2.4GHz (Juniper.net, 2009). The channel band width of the 802.11n is 40MHz. The technology is assumed to be much compatible with the device, as the functions promised by the marketing will remain incomplete without the use of 802.11n (Wewetzer, C. et al., 2012). As, the ‘HyperSlim PX’ has to provide with all possible wireless types of communication, the 802.11n will be the best suited communication. From the engineering perspective the communication type requires software to run that can be corrupt by the influence of other types of wireless communications’ software installed in the HyperSlim PX. The most important perspective is to couple the existing software with some auto backup system to avoid loss of important data in case of any software malfunction. The HyperSlim PX should be made in metallic body to provide a sink for the heat generated during the operation of the 802.11n. As, the access point of 802.11n utilized in the HyperSlim PX will convert some amount of energy into heat, the HyperSlim PX will consume much amount of energy to provide enough power for the communication system to work in a proper manner. There are less or no problems regarding the security of the data while utilizing the 802.11n. The maximum transmission rate remains as high as 270 Mbps, which is fairly a higher speed for the communication modal. On the other hand the enhancement in the range of the device will keep the user connected while in motion in a building or a factory building. Protection The Specification that are utilized in the set protocols 802.11n ensures that the communication modal do not report interference to any of the device nearby and do not allow the interference of the any other communication to distort the communication of through the 802.11n. It protection strategy also ensures that it is interfere or accept the interference of any other access points or any legacy stations. On the other hand, users have the right to turn on and off the security feature that are defiantly installed in the 802.11n communication modal. By considering these safety and protection features, the 802.11n is much feasible in the HuperSlim-PX. The performance of the device remains the same in the both the condition, with the full fledged protection and with no protection. The protection strategies of the device have low impact on the device capability of the high speed connection and transmission. 2. Bluetooth 4.0 Bluetooth is a communication type that is able to transmit and receive data in short distances. The capability of the Bluetooth is not more than few yards. The important aspect of the blue tooth is that it only transmits or receives data from or to only one receptor or sender. Bluetooth 4.0 is the latest technology of the Bluetooth communication technology that is assumed to have capability of faster data communication with a speed of about 26Mbps (CNET, 2012). It will help much in the application that requires faster speed like video streaming, etc. From the engineering perspective, there is much is Bluetooth 4.0 rather than high bit rate. The technology is rated to save much energy as compared to the previous versions. The Bluetooth 4.0 is energy efficient and thus consumes low battery and ensures that the charge in the battery will stay longer. The energy efficiency of the Bluetooth 4.0 can be assumed as to reduce the power consumption to 7-18 times less than the current versions of Bluetooth. On the other hand the range of the Bluetooth 4.0 is considered to be 5 to 10 times more than the previous technology (CNET, 2012). Thus, it is ideal to put the Bluetooth 4.0 in the HyperSlim PX’. The Bluetooth is much feasible for the HyperSlim PX’ and thus the communication requirements, as promised by the marketing can be achieved. The safety feature included in the Bluetooth 4.0 involves the safety from the data theft. There is little need for the enhanced safety software for the HyperSlim PX’ as the communication through the Bluetooth 4.0 are much safe and only authentic data approved by the user can be transmitted through the device (HyperSlim PX’). The current version of the software can be considered as complete regarding to safety features. However, the protection features of the Bluetooth 4.0 ensures make less interference to the other wireless devices. The Bluetooth also receives less interference from other wireless devices that make the device more feasible for a secure environment. The communication is fast that lets the device to receive the signal with less distortion and more signal strength. 3. Near field communication (NFC) Near field communication (NFC) is a type of wireless communication that enables the two devices, enabled with the relevant communication system, to communicate when one device is made to contact or come closer to the other device. Most often, the distance between the two NFC enables devices is not more than few centimetres. The communication protocol depends on the radio frequency identification (RFID). When the frequency is identified, the next phase of the data transmission and reception is progressed. The connection between the two NFC compatible devices is considerably low and the few set formats are supported in the communication through NFC. Sometimes Bluetooth is also utilized in the compatibility mode to transfer the large data. Bluetooth often works as a data bridge and provides path for the communication. In the similar manner Wifi can also be utilized as the data transfer system by the NFC. The Near field communication (NFC) is much feasible for the HyperSlim PX’ to provide the increasing demand of the communication and to ensure that the marketed features of the HyperSlim PX includes the NFC. The major issue arises, the NFC will not remain on standby, the HyperSlim PX’ will always search for the nearby respondent (Repository.tudelft.nl, 2012). There is much feasibility of utilizing the NFC in mobile transactions. The NFC mobile payments can be a better option if a secure element is introduced. The secure element can be installed on the SIM-card of the user, embedded in the device or can be secured on the memory card of the mobile device. In this way, the HyperSlim PX may perform as the alternative of MasterCard or VISA card. Thus, the NFC will add great features in the HyperSlim PX’. As far as, energy efficiency is concerned, the NFC consumes less energy in the idle mode and the normal battery consumption is reported when the service is running. On the other hand, the software required to run the NFC may be put into the chip of the set that hold its unique identity and thus adds safety feature to the device. The NFC may enhance the social networking like the instant sharing of the pictures, videos, files etc. If can be utilized in the offices to describe the work of the employees or sharing of the files. The communication system will help a number of programs to be executed like a text on one mobile can be sent to the nearby NFC devices without the use of GSM or CDMA services. It is only technology that supports user encryption and thus it is much feasible for the HyperSlim PX’. The enhanced safety features enable the device to make no interference with other wireless devices that make the data more protected. 4. GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) is a wireless communication system that was introduced by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). The communication system works as the digital mobile/cellular network. The 1st generation communication systems for the mobile communication were analogous in the nature but the GSM is described as the standard set of protocols for second generation mobile communication. Other than voice communication, the second generation mobile communication has the capability of the data transmission through the cellular network. The latest second generation systems utilizing the GSM protocols, that are adopted now a day, support video and voice calls, video streaming, VOIP, Enhanced Data communication. The system uses a base station subsystem for controlling transmission through the network. The GPRS core network provides the data communication for the GSM users. On the other hand, the operation support system (OSS) has the capability to provide maintenance to the communication system. Most 2G GSM mobile network operate with the carrier frequencies ranging from 900 MHz or 1800 MHz bands, if the bands are already in use of other communication system, the carries frequencies 850 MHz and 1900 MHz can also be utilized instead of the 900 MHz and 1800MHz. Micro and macro cells are formed to provide the communication for the mobile networks. GSM also provide coverage for the indoor users. The enhanced data services like the Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution (EDGE) provides higher bitrates for the data communication as compared to the GPRS (Ground Packet Radio Service). Both the services are semi controlled through the mobile base stations. The feasibility of the GSM in the HyperSlim PX’ is much high, as it is the most common type of mobile communication that is being utilized for many years. The most important perspective of the GSM is that the GSM provides coverage for larger distances and still the technology is used intensively. The GSM technology is tested for the energy efficiency. The mobile technology is much sensitive and enables with the enhanced security features. The safety features can be encrypted in the SIM card of the user. The battery consumption during a call is considered to be high but in an idle conditions the battery consumption is lesser and the HyperSlim PX’ will remain energy efficient. The use of the software for the GSM operations is considered to be small enough that can be burnt in the core chip of the HyperSlim PX’. 5. Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) is the set of protocols for the third generation mobile communication. The communication system is equipped with the enhanced features as compared to the GSM mobile communication. The communication utilizes the Frequency division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD). It utilizes Advanced CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) protocols for the development of the communication modal. The carrier band width is about 2 GHz, while the channel with is about 5 MHz in the UMTS system. The current version of the UMTS a data transfer speed of 21Mbps in the downlink modal. The communication modal provides enhanced speeds for the data communication by making the system easier to be utilized by the users (3gpp.org, 1999). The utility of the basic services of voice and text communication are considered to be rapid and digital in nature that makes the network more secure and enables to handle a large number of users at the same time (Sommer, . et al., 2010). Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) is much feasible for the HyperSlim PX’. The UMTS-GSM internetworking can provide the systems for both the type of communication. The communication model has enhanced capability to operate at higher carrier frequencies. The high speed packet data services enhanced the feasibility of the video transmission and video calls. As, mobile communication is much related to the transportation and most of the mobile communication is done while the users are moving from one pace to the other, it is UMTS that provide better communication to the clients while in motion. In that case, the UMTS is much feasible for the communication. The energy efficiency for the UMTS can be increased by utilizing dedicated software in the core software of the HyperSlim PX. Thus, the UMTS is much feasible for the HyperSlim PX’, as it is considered as the advanced technology for the mobile communication (3gpp.org, 1999). The communication modal should have to provide communication in an inter-connected manner to connect the GSM, UMTS and LTE mobile networks. In the idle condition, the battery consumption is low but while communication, the battery consumption is increased that can be reduces by dimming the screen or powering off the screen or other functions or the mobile like the Wi-Fi, 802.11n, NFC, Bluetooth, etc. 6. LTE Long Term evolution is a new mobile technology that is developed by the mobile operators by using the GSM and the CDMA technology. Speed of LTE depends upon the range that is provided to the system. It transfers data quickly. It can transfer more than 100 Mbps in the downlink and 50Mbps in the uplink (Gsma.com, 2012). It is developed in that way to work backward compatible with GSM and HSPA, LTE consists of Multiple. Multiple out (MIMO) technology consists of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) air crossing point in the downlink and Single Carrier FDMA in the uplink (Pcmag.com, 2011). This amalgamation gives high levels of spectral effectiveness and network presentation, attached with high network ability and low latency. LTE will maintain spectrum channel bandwidths from 1.4 MHz to 20 MHz and can work in mutually coupled spectrum (in FDD mode) and uncoupled spectrum (in TDD mode) (Gsma.com, 2012). OFDMA air interface is applied by the both LTE and WiMAX, LTE’s pairing with accessible GSM and HSPA networks allows mobile operators to carry on to give a flawless tune across LTE and accessible organized networks. LTE networks have been introduced by mobile operators in Europe, Asia and North America. In the U.S., the biggest CDMA operator, Verizon Wireless, for example, started on commercial LTE services at the end of 2010. LTE-Advanced is developed to allow a more pace alter in data rates.  Incorporating higher order MIMO (4?4 and beyond) and permitting numerous carriers to be linked jointly into a sole stream, LTE-Advanced targets is to attain highest data rates of 1Gbps (Gsma.com, 2012). Other improvements being included into LTE-Advanced contain utilize of non-contiguous frequency ranges (to alleviate congestion in the increasingly-crowded core spectrum bands), base stations that will be capable to join themselves to an operator’s network and the flawless mixing of femto cells using so-called self-organising network techniques. Standards body 3GPP be set to LTE-Advanced to be its technology applicant for the ITU-R IMT-Advanced system, which is set to identify ‘4G’ technologies. The LTE system is much compatible with the HyperSlim PX. LTE is the fourth generation mobile communication technology that is capable of transmitting data at the speed of about 100 Mbps. As, the HyperSlim PX is a futuristic device, it is much feasible to build the features of the LTE in the device. The important perspective of the LTE communication system is the large availability of the mobile services. The LTE communication system provides communication in the enclosed vessels due to the utilization of the frequencies that have to capabilities to penetrate the walls and enclosed bodies (Gsma.com, 2012). The battery consumption in the LTE communication is considered low due to the fairly high speed for the data transmission system. The fast speed allows the communication to be of shot period and requires low processing, which reduces the battery consumption during the transmission. On the other hand the devices equipped to handle the LTE communication will have to less process the information due to impact of high digitizing of the data and higher bandwidth of the communication. The HyperSlim PX will face fewer loads as majority of the processing is done in the base station of the LTE network. Advanced HMI techniques can be utilized to eliminate the load of dense software requirements in the device. It is much feasible to utilize the interconnected configuration that interconnects the GSM, UMTS and LTE system in a single device. 7. Instant, infrastructure-free communication with any nearby HyperSlim-PX devices The addition of this feature to the device can be considered as the new feature that can enhance the market value of the HyperSlim-PX. The feasibility of this system in the device may utilize the NFC system to enhance the communication through the device. The system will enhance the social networking; help the educational institution to take the teacher’s notes or distribution of the results or announcement of the results. There is a need to equip the device with some software and supported hardware to recognize the nearby HyperSlim-PX and start communication with it by taking permission of the user. For this purpose Bluetooth can also be utilized to provide communication between the two nearby HyperSlim-PX devices. The advanced protection features of the Bluetooth 4.0 and NFC (Pcmag.com, 2011). Bibliography 3gpp.org (1999) 3GPP - UMTS. [online] Available at: http://www.3gpp.org/Technologies/Keywords-Acronyms/article/umts [Accessed: 13 Dec 2012]. CNET (2012) The power of Bluetooth 4.0: It'll change your life. [online] Available at: http://news.cnet.com/8301-1035_3-57389687-94/the-power-of-bluetooth-4.0-itll-change-your-life/ [Accessed: 13 Dec 2012]. Gsma.com (2012) LTE | About Us. [online] Available at: http://www.gsma.com/aboutus/gsm-technology/lte/ [Accessed: 13 Dec 2012]. Juniper.net (2009) Understanding IEEE 802.11n - WLAN Configuration and Administration Guide. [online] Available at: http://www.juniper.net/techpubs/software/junos-security/junos-security10.0/junos-security-swconfig-wlan/wlan-ax411-access-point-802-11n-understanding.html [Accessed: 13 Dec 2012]. Pcmag.com (2011) CDMA Definition from PC Magazine Encyclopedia. [online] Available at: http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia_term/0,1237,t=CDMA&i=39462,00.asp [Accessed: 13 Dec 2012]. Repository.tudelft.nl (2012) What is the strategic feasibility of NFC mobile payments in the Netherlands? How :: TU Delft Institutional Repository. [online] Available at: http://repository.tudelft.nl/view/ir/uuid%3Acc178b20-6489-48d1-a58a-5ae5bb890516/ [Accessed: 13 Dec 2012]. Sommer, . et al. (2010) On the Feasibility of UMTS-based Traffic Information Systems. Elsevier Ad Hoc Networks 8(5), p.506-517. Wewetzer, C. et al. (2012) Experimental Evaluation of UMTS and Wireless LAN for Inter-Vehicle Communication.Volkswagen Group, 1 (1). Read More