Features of Fascist Ideology - Assignment Example

History Assignment Q Primary sources are first-hand or direct sources of information and research such as words ofa person who is the subject, official records from the government and memoirs or witness accounts. Primary sources are original and not subject to amendment by any third party. Primary sources are resourceful in studying Germany’s history than through consultation of the original documents or publications within the time in question. Primary sources are vital to understanding the German history because of the development of the critical thinking skills since such sources provide first and accounts of historic occurrences. Q 2 In the late 19th and beginning 20th centuries, Germany had to deal with various environmental issues. Germany had a high human population density, which was essential in promoting development during the industrial revolution. High human population density in the country resulted in increased dependence on fossil fuels for the energy supply. It also promotes a massive increase in environmental issues in during the 19th and 20th centuries. Some of the environmental issues during this period include increased pollution from lack of proper waste disposal, agriculture and transport processes that are harmful to the environment. In response, Germany had to deal with these environmental issues to creating a safe environment for the collective benefits of the entire population. Q 3 There were two flaws in relation to the Weimar Constitution, which were essential in enabling Hitler to come to power. First was the provision on proportional representation. Instead of voting for an MP, similar to the case of the Britain, the constitution focused on enabling Weimar Germans to vote for a party. Because of that, there was the allocation of seats to each party. That led to the development of dozens of small parties, thus no party with majority representatives to pass laws in the Reichstag. Second, Article 48 provided that in an emergency, the president did not require approval by Reichstag, but could issue decrees. Hitler focused on the exploitation of these mechanisms to gain power in Germany. Q 4 In the German elections in the 1930s, women focused on supporting the Nazi Party because of various possible reasons in relation to their societal position. First, the Nazi Party focused on the promotion of the family values. The position of the party on family values was attractive to women population in the 1930s, thus the massive support by women for the party to gain political power. Second, the Nazi Party had propaganda or proposition concerning the promise to offer work to unemployed male family members. These values were essential in convincing women to vote for the party in the 1930s. Q 5 It is essential to note that the eugenics played critical roles in relation to the policies of the Nazi Germany. The central government policy with reference to the Hitler administration was the breeding of a ‘superior race’, which required the very most prevention of the ‘inferior races’ from mixing with their ‘superior’ counterparts. The approach focused on reducing contamination of the latter gene pool. From this perspective, the Nazi Germany focused on the usage of the approach with the intention of shaping decisions from the political and social work spheres aiming at the generation of a ‘superior’ society or race. The theory of eugenics provides the improvement of human populations in relation to manipulation of genetic make-up. That implies it was essential to eliminate unhealthy or undesirable genetic elements in the course of achieving positive outcomes such as increased productivity and reductions in crime. Q 6 The purpose of Wannsee Conference was to coordinate and make more effective the mass murder operations under the leadership of Heydrich. In addition, the conference focused on solving problems or issues such as internal fights in relation to mandates. The mass murder of the Jews in the East was well underway since the attack on the Soviet Union in June 1941 by the Nazi Germany in spite of poor coordination. This called for the adoption and implementation of the Wannsee Protocol. In addition, it is critical to note that the protocol was vital for understanding the evolution or transformation of the Holocaust. Q 7 The term radicalization refers to the adoption and integration of radical and extreme positions. On the other hand, cumulative means an act of building up over time. It is essential to note that German Nazis had the opportunity to persuade many Germans with the intention to take or to implement more extreme positions against Jews, slaves and other persecuted groups. The objective of the approach was to make Holocaust a popular element in relation to the governance by the Nazi government. From that perspective, cumulative radicalization was essential to adopting and implementing various policies by the Nazi government Germany. Q 8 The Marshall Plan was a resolution from the official European Recovery Program (ERP), which was an American initiative aimed at aiding Europe after the end of the Second World War. Based on the plan, America focused on offering $13 billion (about $120 billion in the current value of the dollar) to facilitate reconstruction and growth of the European economies following the end of the Second World War. The Marshall Plan was vital in generating the resurgence of European industrialisation, thus transformation of the investment criteria within the region after Second World War. Q 9 Krautrock is essential in understanding the German history after cease of the Second World War. That is because of the illustration of the radical generation of musicians in the creation of a German musical identity. The documentary is an illustration of a how a radical generation of the musicians under the influence of the ruins of the Second World War. The musicians focused on sharing a common goal of forward-looking desire with the intention of transcending Germany’s gruesome past in relation to the previous wars in the history of the nation. Q 10 There are various reasons for the development of the national police force in West Germany in the 1970s. Among the justifications for the development of a national police force was to enhance the ability and potentiality of the law enforcement agency in relation to the case of West Germany in the 1970s. It is noteworthy that a single unit of the law enforcement would enable the agency to have appropriate resources and quality expertise to implement executive policies and regulations. Thus, effectiveness and efficiency in the maintenance of law and order within the region. Essay Question The focus of the essay is to discuss and illustrate anti-Semitism in Germany from the end of the 19th century to its Final Solution. Prior to World War I, the radical population was confined to the fringe of the right-wing politics throughout most of the European nations and the case of the United States. However, enduring various stereotypes of Jews and Jewish ‘behaviour’ persisted among non-Jews communities. During that period, the Nazis policies and governance focused on the use of propaganda campaigns with the intention of promoting virulent hatred of the Jews by the party in relation to the history of Germany. That attitude towards Jews led to the coining of the term, anti-Semitism. There are various forms or elements of anti-Semitism with reference to verbal, physical, and institutional aspects or facets of the vice concerning a certain or specific group within the region of interest. According to the Nazis, Jews were inferior beings interested majorly on own economic gain. Nazis used myths against the Jewish race to promote propaganda and negative attitude towards the community. In the early 1930s, at the time of the Nazi’s rise to power, Germany was experiencing substantial or extreme economic and social challenges and hardship. For instance, Germany had to pay enormous compensation to various Allies following the loss in the First World War. In addition, it was mandatory for the nation to adhere to the Treaty of Versailles. According to the treaty, Germany could no longer have a large army. The nation was compelled to give up its territorial land. Furthermore, Germany had to contend with the severe or extreme cases of inflation and economic instability under the influence of great unemployment. In response to the challenges that Germany faced, Hitler resolved to use the Jews as a scapegoat, thus the opportunity to blame the Jewish community for the economic and social problems affecting Germans. The Nazi party promised to address the challenges faced by Germans, thus the perfect platform to win the 1932 elections through 37 percent of the overall votes. Shortly after Hitler gained power, the persecution of the Jews began systematically through the integration of the anti-Jewish decrees. The decrees were essential in the gradual elimination of Jewish rights. Most Germans did not condemn the racial policies by the Nazis because of their content with the role of government to improve the country’s disastrous financial and economic conditions of the nation. Similarly, the public did not offer their perspectives because of the extreme brutality of the Nazis. The Nazis used the opportunity to exclude all Jews and non-Aryans from the German society. That was through limitation of their rights to hold government jobs, property, and various business entities. In 1935, the Nazis government focused on passing the Nuremberg Laws, which were essential in declaring that only Aryans could secure German citizenship. According to the Nazis, the ‘pure-blooded’ German was racially ‘superior’, thus the concept of the struggle for survival among the superior race against the inferior races within the case of Germany. The Nazis believed there was a serious biological threat of the black people, Jews, and Gypsies to the German-Aryan race, which was the ‘master race’. The German Jewish community made various economic, cultural, and social contributions to the German society. Furthermore, various Jews were patriotic Germans through sacrificing their lives for the nation in the course of the First World War. It is essential to note that some Jews did manage to leave the nation as refugees, thus substantive request for financial resources and permission to immigrate to other nations. Similarly, there was a conference in Elvian, France in 1935 aiming at discussing the refugee crisis. During this context, various nations did not want to accept Jewish refugees basing their arguments on the influence of increased refugees on over population, unemployment, and further incidents of anti-Semitism. For instance, Great Britain insisted on the fact that the Jews were seeking to migrate had to demonstrate the presence of a job in the host nation or substantial financial resources to sustain their operations. In 1938, Germany focused on beginning the occupation of Europe through annexation of Austria. In 1939, the German occupation of Poland did trigger the Second World War. Occupation of other nations led to the establishment of various anti-Jewish decrees by the Nazis government, thus incorporation of compulsory wearing of the yellow star. In 1941, Hitler sought to break his pact in relation to 10 years of non-aggression with the Soviet Union, thus ordering an invasion under the influence of an overwhelming force. The invasion saw the onset of Holocaust and killing of millions of Jews and Gypsies by mobile killing squads. Read More