The Mandate System - Essay Example

Question Colonialism The end of First World War brought about relatively new concepts. One of these concepts that was introduced in the light ofthese activities was the concept of Mandate systems(Tucker and Roberts, p. 742). The Mandate system was actually a colonial concept that had been re named. Under this phenomenon the entire scheme was divided into three broad line sections namely Class A, Class B, and Class C. Palestine, Jordan, Iraq and Lebanon fell under the same principle in the post First World War scenario. These areas came under the subject and question of colonial control in the form of formal disintegration of the Ottoman Empire. Feeling that these countries were still relatively fresh and had no experience, for this purpose these countries along with Palestine was brought into the reign and control through the colonial expansion (Anderson). It was during this era and span that the Jewish settlement took place and large number of immigrants started settling in, in these areas (Boger). This in turn led to the development of hatred between the two nations and ultimately multiple wars in long run in the form of 1948, 1967 and 1973 wars between the Arab world and Israel. This agreement regarding the Palestine’s future was reached through a mutual consent based accord between France and Great Britain. Great Britain at that time was at the zenith of its power and authority and under the wings and umbrella of common wealth, it had large number of regions as colonies. Iraq was another instance that fell under the system of Mandates being introduced in the post First World War scenario. It was around 1919 to 1921 when Great Britain formally took over it after the Ottoman Empire succumbed to the injuries and troubles it had long been tasted with through the entire part of 18th and 19th century. Iraqi forces had initially come up with a revolt and rebellion and had taken arms for this purpose. Finally succumbing to the force, a locally sued treaty was brought into it. It was done so through Anglo Iraq treaty that was signed towards the days when Ottoman empire had nearly collapsed (Mirza, p324) and was only away from formal burial in form of declaration by the Western powers. The next in line was Jordan. Jordan has had an important history in the affairs of Middle East politics. It was under the auspices of the British Empire for major part of the 20th century. It was only after 1946 when Jordan formally came into being as an independent state. Lebanon on other hand remained under the influence of France for greater part of the 20th century politics. Lebanon also remained part of the European influence and remained a colony for considerable part during those days. All these came to an end after the Second World War, when the major parts of the British Colonies were allowed to declare their independence and they emerged on the surface of earth as independent states. The League of Nations which had administered over the Mandate system had gone extinct itself therefore the colonial concept evaporated with it as well. Question 2: No country likes the idea of being dependent on countries for food, especially when they have had colonial rule over you for long: Mankind has an element of vanity and ego in him. The same applies to the states. Since the states are the product of individuals who join together and make up for a nation, a community and a society. Every state that comes into existence comes so for the purpose of independence and self reliance. It, at the same time makes sure it has its own resources to cater for the needs of its people. The case becomes more so serious in cases of countries that have been least friendly towards other countries. In general countries look for more amounts of exports than imports. Fulfilling its people’s needs is the top priority for any nation. This has multiple benefits and aspects to it. The first and foremost is the self reliance element, the second is that of earning revenues and other potential profits through different means. There are number of countries on the surface of earth that have their roots traced back in the struggle against the colonial powers. These countries find it hard to come to terms with those states. The case of United Kingdom is a prime example in this regard. It has been seen as a bitter friend by many as a result of the colonial power being exercised by the it in different parts of the world. Reliance upon this super power or any other power with whom the ties are not so cordial makes it more formal and more conservative in terms of the relationship between the given set of countries. In such scenarios the countries try reducing their reliance upon other states. They may even go for bargaining with other countries but would try avoiding the exchange of items and other resources with the country that they have remained under the control and colonial authority. Being part of the U.A.E part of Middle East, if I were in authority, I would do my bit to remove the dependency on other sources. In order to avoid such scenarios, the countries try establishing alternate routes of trade and businesses with various countries with the hopes of not being faced with the former masters. The case of Pakistan and Bangladesh is one similar example. Similarly the case of Great Britain and number of countries in the Middle East make up for same scenario where these Muslim populated countries find it difficult to reconcile to the thought of Great Britain being their supporter and provider of energy resources in different forms. Hence these countries have aimed at establishing ties with the ones that have had no part in the domination against them. The likes of United States of America are one example that comes forth. It has had no direct influence and control over these countries and as a result at present stands as one of the largest supporter and financer of these countries. China and Russia are two other examples in this regard and they have had little influence and physical control over these areas as a result there is no direct enmity between these states and the trade ties are relatively normalized and the items of exchange such as food and other basic commodities are shared and provided for to the people without any second thoughts. Part 3: The Middle East has had a taste and history of being ruled by military rulers or dynastic politicians who derived their power and authority from their ancestors. This applied to the business, industrial and other sectors as well. The recent days have seen relative change in the precedence that was most predominately prevailing in the last few decades. This change has come about in the social sphere, the political sphere as well as the business and commercial sphere. The process of privatization and more active participation of the masses and other foreign investors has been on the boom and rise in recent times. This is a positive trend and has led to more active participation and more active enactment of the resources. The process of transparency has also seen considerable improvement. The benefits of privatization are such that people have a better reach out to the cases and scenarios and they feel little isolated from the cases that are in front of them. In the administrative segments, the phenomenon of public administration has seen a relatively reformed outlook as well. This is based on the concepts of mass encirclement and the active participation all over. The 21st century concepts incorporation in this process has made it easy and more affordable in the context of justice deliverance and more active enrollment of the people. The people are the equal stakeholders in this environment. The reason behind the countries interest and participation in the context of economic gains was based on the fight for supremacy and making use of the resources and other sources of strength against one another. It was through the policy of the state intervention. The state intervention policy was to protect the interests that were towards the welfare of the country, however they were in contrast to the interests of a prosperous and welfare state and the global community where the world would be a free place without any major oppression. The economic structures have seen considerable improvement in the same process. The inflation rates have been reduced, the per capita income has been increased, the disparity and level of resentment against the governments and other similarly associated entities and agencies has seen change in its outward outlook with which they were been seen by the common man. All these are a result of the privatization and more active participation of the people. In the context of political sphere and political participation, it is the direct involvement of the people that has brought about bright prospect. The case of democratization of the governments in the countries like Libya, Egypt and other parts that underwent the concept and phenomena of Arab spring have been a result of the transformation, privatization and democratization of the entire scheme. References: Anderson, Betty S. Nationalist Voices in Jordan: The Street and the State. University of Texas Press, 2009. Boger, Mary. A Ghetto State of Ghettos: Palestinians Under Israeli Citizenship. ProQuest, 2008. Mirza, Rocky M. The Rise and Fall of the American Empire: A Re-Interpretation of History, Economics and Philosophy: 1492-2006. Trafford Publishing, 2007. Tucker, Spencer C. and Priscilla Mary Roberts. The Encyclopedia of World War I: A Political, Social, and Military History. ABC-CLIO, 2005. Read More