The Ideals of Martin Luther King and the Civil Rights Movement - Coursework Example

HIST 115 Final Exam Review 1. Which of the following statements is true regarding Executive Order 8802? a. It integrated the military services during World War II. b. It prohibited racial discrimination in hiring practices by businesses that had government contracts. c. It de-segregated southern schools during the 1950s. d. It ensured African Americans of their voting rights by stationing federal marshals at the polling stations. e. None of the above is correct. 2. Which of the following statements is true regarding the participation of African Americans during World War II? a. There were more black Americans than white Americans landing at Normandy on D-Day. b. As in the First World War, African Americans did not serve in the marines. c. African American participation in World War II was greater than in the First World War; for instance, African Americans served as fighter pilots in Italy. d. African Americans in the armed forces fought against the Germans but not against the Japanese. e. None of the above is correct. 3. Which African American received a Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to bring a peace settlement in the Middle East during the late 1940s? a. Paul Robeson b. Ralph Bunche c. Jackie Robinson d. Sidney Potier d. Martin Luther King 4. Emmett Till was kidnapped and murdered because he: a. was a member of the Ku Klux Klan b. was a Freedom Rider c. was a black youth who acted too familiarly with a white woman in a southern state d. was from Chicago e. None of the above is correct. 5. Which Supreme Court decision overturned “separate but equal”? a. Plessy v. Ferguson b. Roe v. Wade c. Brown v. Board of Education d. Marbury v. Madison e. None of the above is correct. 6. For most African Americans which of the following was not an integral part of gaining the Dream during the 1950s? a. legal equality b. an opportunity to move to the suburbs c. justice in the courts of law d. integrated schools e. a communist America 7. How does Rosa Parks fit into African American history? a. Her refusal to give up a seat on a bus ignited a successful boycott of a public service. b. She became the first African American female to hold a cabinet post. c. Her refusal to give up a seat at a Woolworth’s luncheon counter helped to end discrimination in stores in the South. d. Her martyrdom revitalized the Civil Rights Movement in the early 1960s. e. None of the above is correct. 8. During World War II the Double V for Victory stood for which two victories? a. victory over Germany and Japan b. victory over Fascism in Europe and for democracy in the USA c. victory over Fascism in Western Europe and victory over Communism in Eastern Europe d. victory over Italy and victory over Germany e. None of the above is correct. 9. Which statement is true regarding methods Southerners used to uphold Jim Crow America? a. arrests of African American protestors b. violence c. the police d. murder e. a constitutional amendment to make segregation a basic part of American society 10. What happened in 1948 when Harry Truman insisted that the Democrats add Civil Rights to the agenda of the Democrat Party? a. The Democrat Party split into a northern faction and a southern faction, which enabled the Republican candidate to win the election. b. The Democrat Party lost all of the southern votes. c. The Democrat Party split, but Harry Truman still won the presidential election. d. To outdo the Democrats, the Republicans added their own statement of Civil Rights to their platform, which caused most African Americans to vote for them. e. None of the above is correct. 11. By 1960 the majority African Americans lived in: a. cities b. the countryside c. on plantations d. in the suburbs e. in California 12. Who were the Scottsboro Boys? a. the hottest entertainers at the Cotton Club b. the nickname for the African Americans who served in the Civilian Conservation Corps c. the all-black infield of the Brooklyn Dodgers d. hobos, who, while riding a trains, were falsely accused of and tried for raping two white women e. None of the above is correct. 13. What sporting event during the 1930s did African Americans celebrate as a triumph over racism? a. Joe Louis’ knockout of the Italian Stallion, Rocky Balboa b. Johnny Weissmuler’s four gold medals for swimming at the 1932 Olympics c. Victory in racing’s Triple Crown by the black jockey, Jack Johnson d. Breaking the skin color barrier by Jackie Robinson when he joined the New York Yankees e. None of the above is correct. 14. During the 1930s what does the life and career of Mary McLeod Bethune represent? a. an artistic triumph in Washington, DC, despite resistance by the Daughters of the American Revolution b. the first African American woman to serve as mayor of Washington, DC c. membership in Franklin Roosevelt’s “Black Cabinet” d. just one of many millions of African Americans who joined the CPUSA e. None of the above is correct. 15. What happened in the Election of 1936? a. Franklin Roosevelt lost the presidency because African Americans voted overwhelmingly for the Republican candidate, Wendell Wilkie. b. African Americans made a significant shift from the Republican Party to the Democrat Party. c. The Roosevelt Administration assured the right of African Americans to vote in southern states. d. Because of the failure of the New Deal, African Americans boycotted the election. e. Most African Americans voted for Gus Hall, the Communist candidate. 16. What New Deal program provided many young African American males with jobs in conservation and also aided them in acquiring literacy? a. the CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps) b. the TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority) c. the Social Security Act d. the NRA (National Recovery Act) e. the Pan-African Conference 17. What is the connection between Bullwhip Days and the New Deal? a. Bullwhip Days is a book that resulted from a New Deal program that studied lynching in northern cities. b. Bullwhip Days is a book that resulted from a New Deal program that studied lynching in southern cities. c. Bullwhip Days is a book that resulted from a New Deal program that interviewed surviving ex-slaves about the Old South. d. Bullwhip Days is a book that resulted from a New Deal program that analyzed the impact of the Depression on African Americans. e. None of the above is true. 18. As shown in the textbook, which person’s life and career reveals the discriminations of “Jane” Crow? a. Thurgood Marshall b. Pauli Murray c. Phyllis Wheatley d. Charlotte Forten e. Condoleezza Rice 19. Which statement is true about events in Birmingham, Alabama during the spring of 1963? a. Martin Luther King gave his “I Have a Dream” Speech. b. King’s Southern Christian Leadership Council suffered another defeat when trying to integrate the University of Alabama. c. The Kennedy Administration used troops to stop an African American march into the city. d. Martin Luther King was arrested and wrote his “Letter from a Birmingham Jail.” e. None of the above is correct. 20. How does Emmett Till fit into African American history? a. Following Jackie Robinson in baseball, Emmett Till was the first African American to play in the NFL. b. Emmett Till was the lawyer who argued the case for de-segregated schools before the Supreme Court in 1954. c. Emmett Till was the Birmingham police chief who turned the water hoses on black children in 1963. d. Emmett Till was a World War II hero who was wrongly denied the Congressional Medal of Honor. e. Emmett Till was cruelly murdered in Mississippi, and his death exposed the depth of racial hatred still existing in certain parts of the USA during the middle of the twentieth century. 21. Which city is associated with the African American bus boycott of 1955-56? a. Washington, DC b. Montgomery, Alabama c. Atlanta, Georgia d. Vicksburg, Mississippi e. Hot Springs, Arkansas 22. Which of the following statements is true about A. Philip Randolph? a. He was a navy hero during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. b. He threatened a march on Washington which compelled President Roosevelt to do something about job discrimination during the World War II years. c. During the latter part of the New Deal he was the Secretary of Labor. d. During World War II he was the leader of the Tuskegee airmen stationed in Italy. e. None of the above is true. 23. Which of the following is an example of federal government intervention to promote de-segregation of public schools in a southern state? a. Executive Order 66666 b. President Eisenhower sending troops to Little Rock, Arkansas in 1957 c. President Kennedy sending Thurgood Marshall to Selma, Alabama in 1964 d. President Truman’s Fair Deal e. None of the above is correct. 24. Which statement is true about Bowie State University during the post-war period (1946-1963)? a. Nothing significant happened to the institution during these years. b. The institution, which had been a training school for teachers, became a four-year liberal arts college. c. The institution moved from Baltimore, where it had its origins, to Bowie, Maryland. d. The president of the school blocked the entrance of the institution so that two white women could not take their class seats in the Martin Luther King building. e. None of the above is correct. 25. What happened at Woolworth’s in Glassboro, NC in 1960? a. Angry whites firebombed the store because its manager was black. b. Blacks began a boycott of the store because of its discriminatory hiring practices that erupted into a race riot. c. Four black youths initiated a successful sit-in at the luncheon counter because blacks were not served there. d. The Freedom Riders were attacked while they were having lunch because they had been riding on a whites only Greyhound bus. e. None of the above is correct. 26. Which prominent African American strongly criticized Martin Luther King’s ideology and tactics during the 1960s? a. A. Philip Randolph b. Malcolm X c. Jesse Jackson d. Rosa Parks e. Ralph Abernathy 27. In 1978 which Supreme Court case stated that affirmative action policies in institutions of higher learning could not be primarily based on race but that race could be one factor among several in determining enrollments? a. Roe v. Wade b. University of California Regents v. Allan Bakke c. University of Michigan v. Yat-pang Au d. Ward Connerly v. Affirmative Action e. None of the above is correct. 28. Which two African Americans have served on the Supreme Court? a. Thurgood Marshall and Colin Powell b. Ralph Abernathy and Thurgood Marshall c. Clarence Thomas and Willie Horton d. Thurgood Marshall and Clarence Thomas e. Colin Powell and Ron Brown 29. Which of the following statements is true about Willie Horton? a. He was the white man who shot and killed Martin Luther King in 1968. b. He was the black murderer whose horrendous criminal career became the centerpiece of the 1988 presidential election on the issue of black-on-white crime. c. He was the white leader of a neighborhood organization that used violence to stop busing in Boston. d. He was the black leader of the Black Panthers who was killed by the FBI in the Philadelphia raid of 1968. e. None of the above is correct. 30. Which African American generated lots of political excitement during the 1980s when he ran twice for the presidency of the United States? a. Ronald Brown b. Colin Powell c. Jesse Jackson d. Al Sharpton e. Huey Newton 31. In 1964 Congress finally passed a major piece of Civil Rights legislation that made segregation illegal in the United States. Which American had proposed this legislation to Congress in 1963? a. Martin Luther King b. John F. Kennedy c. Richard Nixon d. Karl Lindner e. Lyndon Johnson 32. What role has Ward Connerly had in African American as well as in U.S. history? a. He became the leader of the Southern Christian Leadership Council after Martin Luther King was assassinated. b. He set up the Rainbow Coalition in an effort to defeat Ronald Reagan’s re-election campaign in 1984. c. He started a grassroots coalition among Californians that successfully proposed a law to ban statewide affirmative action policies in universities’ admissions policies. d. He was the NAACP lawyer who failed to convince the Supreme Court to uphold affirmative action in the Yat-pang case. e. None of the above is correct. 33. Which of the following is true about Ronald Reagan and African Americans? a. As president, Ronald Reagan refused to sign legislation to make Martin Luther King’s birthday a national holiday. b. As president, Ronald Reagan cut taxes for rich white Americans but not for anyone else, especially not for African Americans. c. As president, Ronald Reagan initiated in Congress across-the-board cuts in the income tax rates, which affected all income earners, including African Americans. d. As president, Ronald Reagan ended federal funding of the public school system and tried to get Congress to return to “separate but equal” policies. e. None of the above is correct. 34. Which African American argued that there can be no revolution to overturn racial oppression in the USA without bloodshed? a. Willie Horton b. Malcolm X c. Condileezza Rice d. Lorraine Hansberry e. None of the above is correct. 35. What was Jesse Jackson’s significant accomplishment during the 1970s? a. serving as Assistant Secretary of Education in the Jimmy Carter administration b. running for president in the Democrat primary c. directing a program in the inner city of Chicago called Operation PUSH d. helping Mayor Richard Daley monitor the Chicago police e. None of the above is correct. 36. Why is the date of April 4, 1968 significant in African American history as well as in U.S. history? a. Congress passed the Political Rights Voting Act. b. President Kennedy was assassinated. c. The Black Panthers was founded in Oakland, California. d. Martin Luther King was assassinated. e. None of the above is correct. 37. What was the purpose of “Freedom Summer”? a. to register African American voters, especially in Mississippi b. to put pressure on Congress to pass laws mandating quotas in admissions to universities c. to register African American voters, especially in Massachusetts d. to rally support for the re-election of John F. Kennedy e. to force the AFL-CIO to desegregate unions 38. Where can the following statement be found: “The right of citizens of the United States to vote…shall not be denied or abridged by the United States by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax.” a. the Civil Rights Act of 1957 b. the Voting Rights Act of 1965 c. the Twenty-fourth Amendment d. Proposition 209 e. None of the above is correct. 39. Which of the following is true for all of the following African-Americans: Muhammad Ali, Oprah Winfrey, Spike Lee, Michael Jordan, and Tiger Woods? a. All are prominent politicians. b. All are famous movie stars. c. All are household names and have achieved celebrity status. d. All are Democrats. e. All are welfare recipients. 40. Who among the following is a prominent African American conservative and a prolific author? a. Juan Williams b. Angela Davis c. Lani Ganier d. Thomas Sowell e. Barak Obama 41. What is the redistricting controversy that is discussed in the so-called Lani Guinier Affair in chapter 21 of the textbook? a. It was the effort by Southerners to set up white-majority electoral districts during the 1960s to ensure that white candidates would be elected to government. b. It was the effort by Democrats to set up black-majority electoral districts during the 1990s to ensure that black candidates would be elected to government. c. It was the effort by Republicans to set up white-majority electoral districts during the 1960s to ensure that white candidates would be elected to government. d. It was the effort by Republicans to disfranchise African Americans from voting in Republican primaries during the 1980s. e. None of the above is correct. 42. Since the 1980s which word do conservative Americans, including African Americans, attach to affirmative action? This is the same word that liberal Americans, including African Americans, reject as having any part of affirmative action. a. quotas b. fairness c. justice d. communism e. None of the above is correct. 43. Which of the following statements is true about Los Angeles (Watts), CA in 1965 and Newark, NJ in 1967? a. For the given years Black Panthers fought gun battles with the police. b. For the given years an African American was a mayor of each city. c. While a race riot occurred in Los Angeles in 1965, a Freedom Ride occurred in Newark in 1965. d. For the given years a race riot occurred in each city. e. None of the above is correct. 44. How is Yat-pang Au a part of African American history? a. He was the leader of a Korean grocers’ organization that secretly charged high prices to African Americans in the inner cities. b. He was a Chinese American who was denied admission to Berkeley, and his case shows that affirmative action policies on behalf of African Americans can discriminate against other non-whites in the USA. c. He was the Korean American who stabbed Al Sharpton in NYC during a race riot in 1992. d. He was the leader of an Asian American organization that wanted affirmative action policies banned in the federal government. e. He was the Chinese American leader of a racist organization that wanted the government to discriminate against African Americans in its hiring policies for jobs. 45. Based on what has been considered in HIST 115-006, in what way might George Sochan, a conservative, converged with Malcolm X, a radical? a. Both of them have strongly criticized the Civil Rights Movement as led by Martin Luther King. b. Both of them believe that African Americans need governmental assistance a lot less than white liberal Democrats politicians and black leaders of Civil Rights organizations do. c. Both of them strongly support the welfare programs of the Great Society. d. Both of them believe that a revolution requires bloodshed and both of them have talked a lot about the need for violence in the USA. e. Get real, Man!! There is no convergence between these two. 46. Which of the following statements is false about Stokely Carmichael? a. He was the chairman of SNCC who dismissed the whites in the organization in 1966. b. He popularized the slogans “Black Power” and “Black is Beautiful.” c. He aligned himself with the Black Panthers for a short time during the late 1960s. d. He strongly supported King’s Southern Christian Leadership Conference during the late 1960s. e. None of the above is correct. 47. What was the Kerner Commission? a. a commission, set up by President Johnson, to investigate the causes of race riots in the late 1960s b. a commission, set up by President Nixon, to probe the Black Panthers c. a commission, set up by President Carter, to implement affirmative action policies d. a commission, set up by President Reagan, to restrict affirmative action policies e. a commission, set up by President Clinton, to discover racism in major corporations 48. How does Daniel Patrick Moynihan fit into African American history? a. He was the campaign manager of George Wallace’s run for the presidency in 1968. b. He was the senator whose vote gave a majority for the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. c. He was the mayor of Detroit, MI who ordered the police to shoot to kill rioters in 1967. d. He was the author of “The Negro Family: The Case for National Action” and warned that the Great Society’s welfare programs would contribute to the demise of the African American family structure. e. He has no part in African American history and is only an insignificant member of the Republican Party. 49. Which of the following statements is false about the Los Angeles riot of 1992? a. The riot erupted after the police who beat Rodney King were found not guilty. b. More than fifty persons were killed. c. Reginald Denny was just one of many persons caught by rioters and severely beaten. d. White racists started the riots and they lynched two African Americans. e. Looting was wide-spread and on the second day of the riot Asian storeowners fought gun battles with rioters and looters. 50. Which of the following statements is false about the Duke rape case of 2006? a. A black exotic dancer falsely accused white athletes of having raped her. b. Just as in the Scottsboro Case of 1931, a white woman accused innocent black men of having raped her. c. The state’s district attorney suppressed evidence that would have helped to reveal the innocence of the white athletes. d. A year after the original accusation, the state of North Carolina dropped the rape charges against the white athletes because of lack of evidence. e. None of the above is correct. Answer with a succinct yet thorough essay. Both Clarence Pendleton and Jesse Jackson claim to be arguing for the ideals of Martin Luther King and the Civil Rights Movement. What accounts for their disagreements? Who do you think makes the better claim on the issue of affirmative action? Explain. Clarence Pendleton, a conservative, was a President Reagan appointee to the chairmanship of the United States Civil Rights Commission in the 1980s. Jesse Jackson, on the other hand, is a politician known for his active participation in the civil rights movement. Both claimed to be disciples of the Martin Luther King’s brand of Civil Rights activism yet, a closer look on their respective views on Affirmative Action revealed their conflicting outlook. Pendleton vehemently criticized affirmative action because he felt that it took away the honor and the glory from deserving and talented African-Americans and referred to its supporters as new racists who wanted assured outcomes sans the competition. The underpinning of Pendleton’s argument was that he wanted the African-Americans to rise above the rest on the strength of their own talent, hard work and perseverance competing with the rest of the country. He wanted them to stand toe to toe with everybody and not be isolated – a part of mainstream America. Jesse Jackson, on the other hand, who defended and supported the extension of affirmative action during the height of the US Supreme Court Affirmative Action case saw it as an assurance of African-Americans in achieving the American Dream. He saw it as a means of equal opportunity. To Jackson, Affirmative Action was still relevant because the issue at stake was not only racial but also economic justice and social equality. He believed that society must enter into a compromise to ensure that peace and harmony prevail. The conflicting views of these two civil rights activists were a mere reflection of their personalities: Pendleton was a conservative, a pacifist and a proud man while Jackson is a go-getter and a realist who will leave no stone unturned to get what he wants. Their respective views may have different relevance then but today, with an African-American at the helm of the most powerful country in the world there is no doubt that the African-Americans have no need to be treated as a race with inferior surviving wits. It is time that they be allowed to find their place in the sun on their own and receive full merit and recognition for it. In this respect, Pendleton’s argument against Affirmative Action finds new relevance and makes a better claim on the issue. Read More