State and Security in the Third World - Dissertation Example

Keenan firstly reflects on the ambiguous and manipulative military programs designed by the United States government, GWOT. This program GWOT though designed by the United States on a military intervention note is argued by Keenan to possess conspicuous elements that helped the American government gain a strong hold on scarce resources like Oil found in the African region. Furthermore, Keenan argues that to satisfy the introduction of GWOT in the African soil the American government used a false process to create and enhance internal terror in the region.

Keenan secondly focuses on another military program designed by United States, known as AFRICOM to promote the cause for internal security along with other social and economical developments. AFRICOM is reflected by the author also as a disguised terror creating instrument by the American government in the African region. Keenan finally focuses on how the concept of globalization with the help of non-government military corporations was manipulated by America to gain from the African soil. Agreement and Disagreement The above argument reflects that Keenan tends to disagree on the point that security efforts created by United States relating to Third World countries like Africa focus on reducing the amount of communal tension and in promoting development.

Rather here the author agrees on the point that such security efforts are mainly created by United States as a tool to exploit the resource base like oil. Examples to the above fact can be cited where United States through the use of military program GWOT focused on creation of false terrorist operations in the major part of Saharan Africa. Through the above system of duplicity United States government attempted to gain a control over the oil resources of Africa. Similarly another military effort of the United States government referred to as AFRICOM signifies another system of duplicity.

AFRICOM designed in competition with the military programs of the British Government created an outlook related to promotion of development in Africa. Concealed under its positive image the program continued with its false terrorism program whereby it continued killing innocent people in regions like Somalia. Question This question that arises relating to the above case is how global bodies like United Nations kept quite thereby allowing developed countries like United States carry out its spontaneous manipulative and exploitative activities on the African soil (Keenan 634-643).

The Article of Joseph Hellweg Discussion Joseph Hellweg in his article “Encompassing the State: Sacrifice and Security in the Hunters' Movement of Cote d'Ivoire” reflected on the rise of a parallel security and patrol force in the Cote d'Ivoire region. The author argues that in the absence of a proper police or state patrol force the civilians tend to take resort to the security services rendered by parallel forces like the Hunting Communities named Dozos as reflected in the article. The parallel security force tends to govern the security paradigm of the region through laws and procedures created that gain avid popularity owing to the parameter of innovation, accessibility and concern for compensating the victims.

Thus civilians were found to depend more on the parallel forces for meeting their security needs than on established police forces (Hellweg 3-22). Agreement or Disagreement