On Proliferation - Research Paper Example

? Research and Analysis Paper: Proliferation Insert Insert Insert 17 February Research on ProliferationProliferation has remained an international challenge for many years. This has left a lack of understanding in the effects of the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) declaration on the individual countries. Despite the fact that every country agrees that zero tolerance on nuclear weapons is the way to keep international security, there has been a continued spread of the weapons. This leaves a question on how the terrorists groups still manage to get the weapons and what the role of the government has been in the failure of Non-Proliferation Treaty. It also leaves a question on the role of international community in regulating government-sharing weapons with the terrorist groups. How terrorist still manage to get the weapons Terrorists are a small number of people “who act outside the normal boundaries of morality, compassion and humanity” (Stanley 2010, 1). With a continued nuclear technology growth, the highest possibility stands at there could be a high circulation of nuclear weapons internationally (Ogilvie-White 1996, 44). This has lead to the government yielding to external pressures instilled by the desire to compete with other international states as far as state protection is concerned. As a means of protecting the states interests, nuclear proliferation becomes inevitable since no state like being uncertain of their security. They therefore end up involving the terrorist groups by issuing them with weapons to help in states survival. However, there are instances when terrorist groups get weapons illegally for their own reasons. They purchase them on the grounds of performing terrorist attacks to their rival groups that end up harming innocent people in the fight. Failures that have made it hard to end terrorism The issue of proliferation has remained a mystery for decades now. This has made a thorough approach more difficult to the countries seeking solutions. Its definition of it being a puzzle for many years has made a gap in the definition of its cause and effects hence making every theoretical debate not to arrive at a conclusion (Ogilvie-White 1996, 43). Having politicians at the forefront in perpetrating the phenomenon has contributed to making it difficult to determine how weapon proliferation can be without international processes. The way out is to do a thorough investigation to eliminate these perpetrators so that solutions could be arrived at. Lack of official documentation on the past nuclear proliferation has made it difficult to establish reliable sources of evidence to use against the crimes. This has led to abstractness in every debate that has been done on the same hence resulting to doubts on reliability of the information gathered (Ogilvie-White 1996, 43). Criticism has emerged making it hard to obtain valid information on causes and consequences of weapon proliferation in the international political circle. Some countries are feared to have signed the Non-Proliferation Treaty but may not follow the regulations. This has become one of the huddles facing Non-Proliferation Treaty since such countries cannot expose the terrorist groups existing within their borders. Such failures ensure that terrorism continues under the cover of the individual government. What the role of the government has been in the failure of Non-Proliferation Treaty The government has contributed highly to having distorted evidence on proliferation through its failure to document any such occurrence as it happen. This has led to lack of reliable sources to serve as evidence in the cases against weapon proliferation. With a high foreign secrecy and small number of weapon proliferation cases, politics has proved to be more influential in the causes of proliferation. Nuclear technology funded by the government has been the force behind the production of the nuclear weapons (Ogilvie-White 1996, 44). The speculation as at now is there could be future spread in nuclear weapons if necessary measures remain un-followed by the individual government. The government’s failure to handle its domestic concerns like political stability, economic strengths, and social cohesion posses a great threat in the feeling of insecurity in this widely competitive world. This feeling of insecurity caused by the government failures could lead to terrorist groups issuing threats to other international states. In efforts to respond to the threats, there is a high likelihood that there will be bleach of Non-Proliferation Treaty regulations. When two rival countries fail to have a negotiation, they compromise the integrity of Non-Proliferation Treaty and of the international arms control agreement. It is the responsibility of the government to pursue peace with other states and be willing to compromise some standards for the sake of peace. A country feeling self-efficient and unwilling to collaborate with others countries makes the nonproliferation laws valueless. The efforts of the governments to abide by the signed treaty, Some states have decided not to develop nuclear weapons as a way of keeping state security. According to Oglivie (1996, 46), the participating states in Non-Proliferation Treaty view possession of nuclear weapons as a threat to state security in itself. This has been one-step ahead in following the signed treaties since a zero tolerance to nuclear weapons is the policy in Non-Proliferation Treaty. The effort remains as an incentive to their cooperation with Non-Proliferation Treaty nonproliferation policy. The contribution of the government to the continued spread of weapons despite the many regulations put by Non-Proliferation Treaty and other treaties. Domestic politics have been at the heart of nuclear proliferation (Ogilvie-White 1996, 46). Politics have played a great role in creating believe that nonproliferation is not achievable despite the many incentives put in place towards the same. This precedes the fact that states are different and may purport different internal characteristics. A good example is what was happening to South Africa before adopting nonproliferation. The apartheid regime had posed so much threat to the country that made Pretoria poses nuclear weapons. Weapon proliferation and confrontation has been taken as an alternative way that the world can feel the effect of politics (Arnason 2003, 272). The government being part of the world has taken the direction in the name of diversification of concepts on policies they need to protect. The product is a display of a big weakness to dynamics of state formation that the government need to address if weapon proliferation need to be addressed comprehensively. Grasping racial equality is an aspect of understanding the interrelationship between traditions in proliferation as far as politics is concerned (Hero 2003, 401). From generation to generation, lack of understanding has played a bigger role in politics hence making the inferior community seek for a way of defending themselves. The government has failed to address the issues revolving around multiple traditions and races in political arena (Hero 2003, 401). Without civic republication and liberalization, the government has failed to protect its people hence exposing them to proliferation threats and practices. The role of international community in regulating government-sharing weapons with the terrorist groups Weapon proliferation being a global diffusion of nuclear weapons calls for the efforts of the international community to work hand in hand with the involved parties. This will ensure that zero tolerance to nuclear weapons is adhered to (Arnason 2003, 23). There has to be an establishment of the reasons behind proliferation if effective solutions that have not been there before have to be found. Working hand in hand will enhance more understanding on the concept hence assist in solving government issues with terrorist groups. It will also assist the government in discerning a way to cub sharing weapons with terrorist groups. According to Stanley in house of common debates (2010, 1), the answer to effectiveness of international community on ensuring zero tolerance to proliferation has always been mixed. Optimist report a positive progress while pessimists report a failure by the international community. The mixed answers show that nuclear proliferation remains an international threat since nobody has unveiled it fully. The question left is what motivates states to acquire nuclear weapons? One could be because “they are unitary actors that seek to maximize their power in order to survive in this competitive international system.” (Ogilvie-White 1996, 44). By means of establishing state survival after getting a threat from terrorist groups from another state, the governments yield to the need to have their own groups. The assumption made is that the more nuclear weapons spread, the more they get assurance of international stability. The international community should step in to establish peace among the states so that such things do not occur. It is its mandates to make sure that states are united and none of them feels threatened. This will avoid cases of a state looking for assistance from other groups other than the authorized government security groups. According to Oglivie (1996, 46), states are different internally as they are politically. Any international system due to this differences lender some states stronger than others, some get internationally secluded while others get aggressive in the process. The isolated kind will seek nuclear weapons as a way of establishing nuclear prestige. The international community should come up with measures that enhance a sense of equality to avoid such cases. They should work to establish adversaries that face the member states, reliability of alliances in the member states and distribution of power in the international system (Oglivie (1996, 48). In the vent that some countries have signed the treaty and have failed to comply by the regulations, the international community should step in to give a guidance system that enhances a country practice what it signed for. Research Analysis Based on the research done, nuclear proliferation is predictable. The topic might seem so dynamic now but with commitment to end proliferation; international community can achieve zero tolerance on nuclear weapon. Substantial information based on experiences will be a good point of information to every policy maker since it outlines the trends in which weapon proliferation occurs (Ogilvie-White 1996, 44). This research paper has come in handy at a time when every effort to end proliferation has seemed futile. The international community has had its share of stress in trying to solve the issues to no avail. Such a paper has come to enlighten the global community on the effective methods that can be implemented to ensure that nuclear weapons are reduced to the latter. It has opened a wider field of thought on the part that the government has played in the issues while challenging the international community to take its place as global regulator of such conflicts. Some of the conclusions that can be drawn from the research are: The government has a role of being dynamic in its approach to proliferation issues. It should seek international help when faced with threats at any level from any given terrorist group. This will aid in reducing historical looseness that has seen weapon proliferation continue being a global threat to all states (Arnason 2003, 354). For the efforts of the government to be felt in keeping global peace, there are things that should be declared abominable by the state. The government should stand strong against all political influences that lead to sharing of weapons with the terrorist groups. This involves both internal and external political pressures that the governments face in its day-to-day operations. Traditions such as fighting back by use of nuclear weapons ought to be overpowered by the intellectual way of dialogue that sees to it that peace is maintained at all levels of global interactions. Cultural modernity should stand as a pillar behind the government’s choice to remain faithful to the signed treaties without a single thought of neglect (Arnason 2003, 356). The government having failed to observe its mandate in addressing proliferation issues stands at a higher ground on blame for proliferation. However, the blame could be removed if it manages to handle the matter by first addressing the racial inequality and multiple traditions in the states (Hero 2003, 401). Political traditions should be addressed form an understanding point of view to avoid chances of feeling inadequate to any group that could lead to the rise of terrorist groups. The international community has a role to ensure that global peace is maintained through dealing with issues that lead to proliferation. They should first agree to the fact that weapon proliferation is real and that it needs a deeper approach than it has gotten already. Having documentation on the past proliferation cases will help them in clarifying to the global society the mix that has been there as far as response to the issue is concerned. Establishing global peace should be one of the strategies the international community should take. Having measures that will enhance sense of equality will be a way out in such a case. This will assist in avoiding chances of a state feeling insecure hence looking for assistance from groups that are not authorized to provide solution for the state. The strategy will work to show that they understand that states are different internally as much as they are politically. Each country should be handled at its level to reduce chances of some feeling secluded in the global consideration. International community has a role to establish problems surrounding the member states. Through that, it will be able to prove their effectiveness and reliability to help the society through solving the issues of proliferation. Their effectiveness will work to reduce chances of some member states feeling more powerful to the disadvantage of the other states. From the conclusions, it is evident that the research topic has been looked at deeply through a thorough investigation on proliferation and the key stakeholders in the problem. The government as well as the international community has been discussed and their contribution to the issue has been looked at. The international community has been discussed on its roles in avoiding cases where states have to go for weapon proliferation as a way out of their fears. It is evident from the approach that weapon proliferation has to be addressed from a global perspective since it is a global phenomenon. Its dynamics go beyond and individual country or group. All is required is a channel that will facilitate the states comfort even with the continued production of nuclear weapons. The international community through its policies has been discussed to have a role to address anything that leads to weapon proliferation. Hence, the research comprehensive approach could be used as a perfect tool to advice on the way out even as prospects of weapon proliferation is addressed. Presenting data in a quantitative way is one way of making sure that every aspect of the research has been addresses. Opinions are expounded deeply and comprehensively hence bringing out the findings in an understandable and competent manner. These research paper findings have been quantitative which is positive for such a wide research field of exploration. For example, presenting the role of the government quantitatively, has enabled a wider field of discussion that could be limited if the data was presented qualitatively. This has made the interpretation easier since proliferation has been presented as a whole. The conclusions drawn on proliferation in different stages of the discussion has been one way of ensuring that nothing is left un-discussed. Through that, a reader is able to connect every point with its recommended take. This method has exposed the authors mind in the topic hence making it a good way to address a qualitative research paper. Breaking the research on proliferation into different investigative topics is a strength that the paper portrays. The research paper has expounded on how terrorist still manage to get weapons, failures that have made it hard to end terrorism, and what the role of the government has been in the failure of Non-Proliferation Treaty. The efforts of the governments to abide by the signed treaty, and the contribution of the government to the continued spread of weapons despite the many regulations put by Non-Proliferation Treaty and other treaties and the role of international community in regulating government-sharing weapons with the terrorist groups. This approach has enabled comprehensiveness despite the fact that some topics like how terrorist still manage to get weapons have been shallowly discussed. All withstanding, I believe this is the best approach that such a wide topic could take to avoid leaving out anything that could be important to be addressed in the research. This approach sets a stage for every reader to understand all about proliferation and its close link to the government and the international community. References Ogilvie- White, T. 1996. Is there a Theory of Nuclear Proliferation? An analysis of the Contemporary Debate. http://cns.miis.edu/npr/pdfs/ogilvi41.pdf (Accessed February 13, 2012). Hero, R. 2003. Multiple Theoretical Traditions in American Politics and Racial Policy Inequality. Political Research Quarterly. 56(4): 401-408. Arnason, J. P. 2003. Civilization in Dispute: Historical Questions and Theoretical Traditions. Vol. III. Boston: Brill Leiden. Stanley, J. 2001. Bound Volume Hansard-Debate. http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200001/cmhansrd/vo010315/debtext/10315-22.htm. (Accessed February 14, 2012). Read More