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Primarily, the immune system is composed of individual cells spread all over the body which work collaboratively to provide a clear defense function for the body. According to Porth, the main role of the immune system is to protect the body against infection by recognizing and responding to antigens (Porth 321).
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Previous studies have revealed that human bodies produce vitamin D when the skin is exposed to the sun’s ultraviolet rays; due to their lack of garments, which cover their bodies completely, many Saudi Arabian women lack the opportunity to get sufficient exposure to sunlight. Culture is a significant obstacle to these women’s chance of being exposed to the sun throughout their lives (O’Shea 2006).
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In conclusion, consumption of caffeinated energy drinks can augment cardiac events and complications in adolescents and children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and eating disorders. Caffeine found in energy drinks can also affect bone acquisition among adolescents. Caffeine found in energy drinks can also affect bone acquisition.
Many of the stimulants that are found in some of our food items and beverages have in the recent past been shown to have adverse effects on the health of its consumers. Even though there are counter-arguments to this fact, it is important to note here that the government has got a responsibility in ensuring that its citizens are well protected.
Maria Connolly lives with her sister together with her daughter because of her sessions of chemotherapy at the hospital, following a mastectomy. She is a housewife but manages a small grocery shop. Presently, the source of income is generated from Pitt who is her husband working in a company at NSW as a computer technician. Her husband, children, and sister are very supportive.
Caffeine besides having positive effects also has negative effects. Especially in young people, caffeine has adverse effects than in people over 18 years. The effects of caffeine in people less than 18 include; high blood pressure, difficulty in sleeping, increased dependency, intoxication effects, stimulation of the central nervous system.
Each organization needs to inculcate competitive strategies, policies and change resolutions that will enhance the required results. The business fraternity exhibits dynamics that need to be combated by incorporating workable strategies in an organizational setting. Strategy formulation is a mandate of the top-level management who undertakes the responsibility to plan five or ten years in advance.
The paper "Surveillance of Nutrition Information on Food Label" is a great example of an assignment on health sciences and medicine. The purpose of this paper is to show the procedures for assessing the information relating to manufactured products such as the amount of energy and food components that have been used.
Caffeine has been found to a substance that affects mainly people of 18 years and above. The adverse effects of caffeine, according to the research, include high blood pressure, stimulation of the central nervous system, headaches, joint pains, leads to pregnancy complications like miscarriages, high urine production which affects the concentration of men.
There has been an increase in the debate concerning the safety of energy drinks particularly to children and young adults. Following the report of a young girl in Maryland after consuming Monster Energy Drink, experts have conducted researches to substantiate the claim that energy drinks with a high amount of caffeine should be restricted to people who are above 18.
Positivist/quantitative and qualitative/interpretive methodological approaches, design, and causation offer health practitioners in general, and epidemiologists in particular, an opportunity to look into disease causes, prevalence, determination, and distribution. An epidemiologist should be aware of each of these factors as a source of knowledge.
The key challenge is adapting training and development to the overall needs of the organization during change. There is always a constant need for change within organizations and this can be best addressed by developing teams that are well equipped to driving and managing the changes that may occur.
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A hundred and twenty of these women had a waist of less than 80cm while 560 of these women had a waistline of over 90cm. Two groups later formed from the latter one. One group was on a strict 18-month diet while the other one did not receive a special diet. The purpose of the diet was to reduce the waist of the members of this group.
The description and critical evaluation of the impact of the recently published Drug Treatment Outcomes Research Study (DTORS) carried in this essay has demonstrated the richness of most drug treatment outcome studies conducted across the globe. The report has clearly demonstrated that after offenders are taken through drug treatment.
In Australia, every year approximately 1300 females get ovarian cancer diagnoses. It is cited that cancer of the ovary can develop at whichever age. In 2008, almost 1,272 ovarian cancer cases were diagnosed, thus ranking it as the second leading gynecological cancer within Australia (Cancer Australia, 2012).
Have you taken time to ponder about the fundamental role that food plays in our lives? From the birth time, people create a profound association of food to emotions. Starting with babies who when cries they are either answered with a bottle or breast, and we continue to associate food with emotions. People celebrate promotions, and holidays with food.
The study of fast foods is very important to the whole society as a way of knowing the nutritional consumption of people. We understand that our bodies need nutrients for the functionality of the body organs and hence eating habits influence the type of nutrients consumes. (Erten, 2006) The students have the notion that they have freedom since now they are not under their parent's rules.
Many youths have become more attracted to the “lazy type of leisure” activities that entail many indoor games and spending time surfing on the internet. Rather than engaging in outdoor activities such as athletics, football, and social activities, most youths have continued to indulge in unhealthy eating habits and then spending their leisure activities in indoor activities.
In the area of occupational therapy, it is difficult and intricate to define and describe the meaning of occupation. This is mainly because occupation forms part of our day-to-day vocabulary and can, therefore, be defined as a career, duty, and undertaking, or to some extent employment. Occupation is both habitual and simple.
Gene therapy has grown tremendously from clinical trials to commercial products. There has also been an increase in the understanding of the gene delivery systems. This has led to the development of both viral and non-viral vectors, and new techniques that promote gene therapy. The review intends to highlight issues related to gene therapy and gene delivery systems.
The patient should be advised on frequent checks with her physician so as to monitor the development of the embryo (De Santis, et al, 2004, pg 10). Minerals, vitamins, and folic acid supplements should be given. Frequent tests that should be carried out include a blood test, genetic test, and ultrasound. In case the patient suffers from depression or stress it is important to make the necessary referrals.
Mr. Richard Rogers is a patient who has been in several medical problems over the last 6 years. He has been facing constant arthritis problems that eventually have led to the undertaking of an operation. According to his medical records, he has been facing severe pains as a result of the ailment making him a regular patient.
The severity of my disability is at a level where it is causing significant challenges in my quality of life. Disability brings about a lot of changes in one’s life in terms of psychological, physiological, social, and economic status. All these changes require effective support so that the affected individual together with his or her family members and friends can be able to adjust accordingly.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is also referred to as the great imitator. This is because it has got a variety of symptoms that are often confused with other health problems. Lupus is a chronic disease that causes inflammation. It affects body organs such as the kidney, skin, joints, lungs, and nervous system (Ginzler and Tayar, 2013, p. 1).
The creation of online community forums, where people are able to express themselves, will serve as an effective platform where people will freely express their personal experiences freely. Such a forum will create a movement that pave way for people to discuss their mental and emotional issues and get to learn how people have used some skills in coping with the problem.
Most healthcare providers have embraced ICT services, tools, and other new technologies as a way of enhancing health services and curbing the ever-increasing shortage of medics and carers in this country with the ever-increasing need for healthcare services (O'Kearney, Gibson, Christensen, & Griffiths, 2006).
The paper "Acquired Brain Injury " is an outstanding example of a case study on health sciences and medicine. I am a 35 year old female living in Cloncurry in North Western Queensland with my husband and 1 small child. I have ABI following a fall that I had one year ago. My situation has greatly affected my daily living including using a wheelchair.
The importance of shared leadership within the health care industry has increased due to the cultural mix which has been highlighted by the community. Patients and physicians are found to feel comfortable when health care providers reflect cultural differences and have leaders capable of performing on different levels.
As an outcome, some of the countries are disassociating themselves in health care from the other countries in the world. A good example of a developed country that has a good quality health system care in Germany. India on the other hand, is a developing country that is second in countries population.
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The hip joint is in the form of a ball-and-socket. Normally, the ball which is the femora head (the upper end of the thigh bone) fits perfectly into the socket (acetabulum), which is part of the entire pelvic bone to form a hip joint. The surface of the ball and the socket are covered by articular cartilage to reduce friction and facilitate movement (Dooley, 2008).
The case study defines a very sick patient at presentation whose clinical picture suggests acute meningitis with a background of a chronic disease probably of the liver due to jaundice, enlarged liver, and vomiting blood. Laboratory investigations are however key in establishing an accurate diagnosis.
The use qualitative test for proteinuria (dipstick) as explained was to indicate the severity of the kidney. That is when kidneys are functioning well then they prevent protein from leaking into the urine. Since the urine dipstick turned out to be negative for protein, kidneys are not yet in problems.
Fatigue is a feeling of exhaustion remarkably different from weakness and has a gradual onset. Fatigue, unlike bodily weaknesses, can affect both the physical and mental capabilities. Physical fatigue by an individual entails the impairment of a muscle to maintain its maximum performance, and physical exercise only intensifies the situation.
Public health is closely related to industrial hygiene whereby measures are taken to evaluate and control workplace conditions that can cause illness or injury to workers. Many workers all over the world each year have been injured, killed, or affected by biological, physical, and/or chemical agents from the workplace (Glanz, Rimer, and Viswanath 31).
In Germany, healthcare insurance is generally compulsory while the UAE’s healthcare system does not obligate healthcare insurance. In terms of governance, strategy, and performance, the healthcare systems in the discussed countries have illustrated how the government has a role in the healthcare system.
Human papillomaviruses are one of the major sexually transmitted infections. It infects the mouth, throat, and genital areas in both males and females. Most people infected with this virus may not know that they have it. A person can carry the virus for years and pass it on to his or her sexual partners without realizing it.
An effective emergency medical services system consists of components, such as organizations and agencies (both public and private), transportation and communication networks, hospitals, trauma systems and centers, specialty care centers, highly trained professionals, rehabilitation facilities, and an informed public that is aware of the role of a medical emergency
Epidemics are diseases that are caused by biological pathogens. For instance, diseases like influenza, sexually transmitted diseases, and measles spread from one person to the other. Epidemics may pass aggressively and affect the population for short time or prevail for long periods at low magnitude. They can experience sudden flare-ups they can experience.
Floods, droughts, and hurricanes are the most common climatic disasters, while earthquakes and volcanoes are the most noticeable geological disasters (Abbott 2004). Emergency medical service is a type of service that aims at providing transport and out-of-hospital acute medical care to disaster victims with injuries or illness.
Technology touches on all aspects of human life and influences it either positively or negatively. It can be said that the health of individuals depends on the available medical technology. Technology in the health industry does not only involve the equipment, hardware, and software used but also the drugs, biologics, medical procedures, surgical procedures, and support systems.
Therefore, the main aim of emergency medical services is to limit emotional, psychological, and physical injury as much as possible (Cooper 2004). In many countries, emergency medical services are referred to as first aid or ambulance services. However, there is more to the emergency medical services than what is observed by the locals.
Industrial Hygiene is considered an art or a science that aims at anticipating, recognizing, evaluating, preventing, as well as controlling the environmental stresses that may come up at the workplace. These environmental stresses may bring about impaired health or rather cause sickness among the workers of the industry and those who reside near the industry.
Public policy concentrates on developing legal and organizational frameworks grounded on best practice, to improve the capabilities of health services in both public and private sectors (Porzsolt & Kaplan, 2006). Additionally, public policy measures will lay down priorities for the development of health services in the sector.
The use of drugs in sports and in general is a growing problem in Australian society. One of the drugs which are widely used is steroids, which are used by people in order for them to improve their physical looks. There are various effects of the use of steroids on society which will be discussed in this report.
It is important to encourage children to express their feelings and emotions freely without harsh judgments and also provide room for creative exposures (Freeman, 2004). These will help the children and young people from developing negative emotions that can be destructive to their emotional well-being.
Acquired brain injury (ABI) is an injury that is incurred in the brain tissue and causes substantial changes in the physical, behavioral, or even emotional function of a human being. These injuries can range from accidents or even assaults to stroke, infections, hypoxia, or at times poisoning.
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Different doses of radiation to different bodies at different rates can lead to different health effects at different times. Very high dose results in rapid death ranging from a few days to weeks. The effects include acute radiation sickness, cancer, fetal damage, and hereditary changes among others.
It is an apparent fact that occupational health and industrial hygiene have developed to become paramount practices in different workplaces. The initiation of the local exhaust ventilation system has been perceived as being central in addressing problems in various industries as it will be expounded in the subsequent sections.
Hepatitis B virus is the cause of clinical presentations, which range from an asymptomatic carrier state to the self-limited, severe to chronic hepatitis, which may progress to hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis. While infection caused by this virus is regarded as among the most common viral illnesses that affect man.
Despite the fact that Malaria is a common health-threatening disease, many Nigeria is failing to establish correct mechanisms to ensure that proper and reliable medical services are rendered to its citizens. Poor health care services resulting from inadequacy and inaccessibility of medical facilities, insufficient staff, lack of proper policies, and corruption.