Primary Health Care - Report Example

Primary Health Care Primary Health Care is defined as necessary health care based on practical, systematically sound, and socially acceptable ways and technology made obtainable to individuals and families in the community through their full contribution and at a cost that the community and nation can afford to preserve in the spirit of self-reliance and self-determination. (WHO, 1978) A system of primary health care working together health professionals and care in the broader circumstance of the determinants that affect the health of individuals, families and their communities. Primary Health Care coordinates and integrates services to meet the health status of the population. It includes disease prevention, health promotion, diagnosis and management of health problems. It encourages the use of health professionals in the discipline most appropriate health care to maximize the potential of all health resources. (EICP, 2005, p. 2-3) The Principles that support teamwork in primary health care in countries reflect shared principles and generate a base for specialized and system-wide approaches to primary health care policies, programs and services. Primary health care is based on six main principles- Patient engagements, resident’s health approach; Best probable care and facilities, access, faith and respect; and effectual communication. (IFRC, chapter 8) It is the first stage of contact with the health structure, bringing health care as close as possible to where people live, learn and work. An effective structure of primary health care is integrated with other services and sectors, for example, secondary and tertiary health care, education, work and child protection. Effective responses to primary health care also reduce the need for services at other levels and in other sectors. The range and complexity of the factors that influence the health and welfare, as well as illness and disease, requiring health workers from various health professions to work together in a comprehensive manner. For example, people need health information, diagnosis of health problems, support for behaviour change, immunization, screening for disease prevention and monitoring of management plans for the problems chronic conditions. The key element of primary care reform is a move to teams of providers who are responsible for providing comprehensive services to their customers. There is a rising harmony that family doctors, nurses and other professionals working as partners will result in improved health, improved access to services, more efficient use of resources, and more fulfilment for patients and providers. These teams are well placed to focus on health promotion and getting better the management of constant diseases. This team move towards with hotlines facilitates access to primary health care after hours, dropping the need for costly crisis room visits. Other technologies can support the exchange of information between providers so that people need not repeat the history of their health or to feel the same tests for every health professional they see. In this sense, all aspects of care are met in a coordinated way. (Health Canada, 2006) It is very useful to understand how primary health care involving both basic principles and a set of variables based activities. The principles are more important as the dedication to health equity as part of expansion oriented to social justice and community contribution in defining and implementing health programs. (WHO, 2009) Primary health care aims to expand the first level of the health system of the patient for the development of health care. It aims to protect and problems at an early stage. Primary health care services for continuity of care, health promotion and education, the integration of avoidance with sick care, a concern for the population and individual health, the participation of community and the use of proper technologies. Primary care is regularly used interchangeably with the primary medical care with an emphasis on services provided mainly clinical, as well as practice nurses, community health care, early childhood nurses and community pharmacists. Primary health care includes primary care, but has a broader offering a full range of general services by multidisciplinary teams and nurses, but also health professionals and other health care workers and families, services primary health care has also operated at the community level. Services of Community Health may contribute a number of characteristics of primary care and primary health care facilities, as well as providing acute care, care of elderly, mental health, drugs and alcohol, physical attack. (CHETRE, 2006) Effectual primary health care is based on the community participation and should be responsive and answerable to those it serves. Much community-depend health services, like community health centres support volunteer-led programs for example community gardens, cooperative kitchens and community peer educators to keep strong community relations and to boost the capability of their community associates. (PHCRW, 2005, p. 17-18) A community contribution approach is a cost effectual way to expand a health care structure to the environmental and public fringe of a nation, communities that start to realize their health position impartially rather than fatalistically may be stirred to take a sequence of preventive procedures, communities that spend effort, time, capital, and materials in health promoting actions are more devoted to the use and continuance of the objects they create, such as water supplies, health tutoring is most effectual in the context of rural activities and community health employees, if they are well selected, have the confidence of the people. A mistake made in untimely labours at community contribution was to suppose that villages were evenly free from inner utilization. Some are unified moral communities, but in other there is grievous utilization of landless labourers by landowners and shopkeepers. Villages may be separated by social order or ethnic derivation. Social groups within communities may be excellent resources. In preparation the community contribution aspects of primary health care, the teamwork of an anthropologist or rural sociologist with ground experience is recommended. Promoting community contribution is a talent which must be taught to community health recruits, and backed up with support services. The real commitment of medical team to community self aid is vital to the inspiration method. Inspiration within the community swiftly breaks down if resources, proficiency, and salaries fail to arrive when promised. Community activities are most effectively promoted with allusion to the people possess visions of purity/pollution, cleanliness/dirtiness, and health/illness. guiding principle for booming community contribution include: projects undertaken should be ones that the community has identified as a main concern; demonstrations and performance to promote health might be connected with farming initiatives, mature literacy campaigns, or programs from other sectors; and it is essential to make certain the community completely understands all the expenditure in labour, time, money, and resources. A partnership should be forged involving all those who can improve the welfare of the community. This includes public groups, community groups and traditional practitioners. As the community to participate actively in decision-making in the field of emergency primary health care program takes time and effort. They must learn to identify health priorities and the importance of collaboration and participation in primary health care, improve their overall health. Most important fact in community that women use health care services more than men. Women also use the health care services in a different way from men. Greatly the results of these differences from health care linked to imitation and sexuality. Women are the mainstream of salaried and voluntary care providers. Nearly 80% of health care employees are women. Women are extra probable than men to provide private care and propose tender and caring support, even as men are more liable to present care administration, domestic preservation, shopping or transportation. Women are also the greater part of volunteers in the community who do individual care job. (PHCRW, 2005, p.3-4) Community contribution in the component agenda was found to have been implemented completely for its usefulness in supplying assets and not for democratic or inherent ethics. This policy, recognized as the resource addiction approach to community contribution, led to numerous flaws in the participatory method and resulted in far less than what could potentially have been achieved in conditions of recovering health outcomes. Finally, the participatory mechanisms became extra dependencies of the health structure and not integral components of a method of community growth. Large institutional agenda of community contribution can advantage by accepting this approach and avoiding its intrinsic troubles. (Ali, Mohamed, 2009, p. 70-77) The most important of which is that the primary health care system has been tremendously valuable in maintaining a standard, self-sustaining system of supply of secure and useful medicines of good quality and reasonable prices to the people, regardless of their income and physical location for nearly two decades. The superior accessibility to medicines was obviously reflected in the steady increase in the utilization of the primary health care services by different socioeconomic groups, generally the poor population and other susceptible groups such as mothers and children in both urban and rural areas. Consequently, it does emerge that the primary health care has had a positive impact on the health status of countries population. (J. D. L, Zakus,1998, p. 475-494) It is a great hope for community contribution in health. A larger amount of prospective benefits are accredited to participatory processes, as well as improved addressing community requirements through more locally tailored organizational processes and recovering health outcomes. To this conclusion, many governments of all countries have adopted schemes and agendas of community involvement as part of its policy to execute the services of primary health care. References CHETRE (2004). Centre for Health Equity Training, Research & Evaluation. Defining Primary Health Care. Defining Primary Health Care. Retrieved September 15, 2006, from http://www.phcconnect.edu.au/defining_primary_health_care.htm EICP (2005). Enhancing Interdisciplinary Collaboration in Primary Health Care. Principle and Framework, 2-3, from http://www.eicp.ca/en/principles/sept/EICP-Principles and Framework Sept.pdf Health Canada (2006). Health Care System What is primary health care? Retrieved 21 June, 2006, from http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hcs-sss/prim/about-apropos-eng.php IFRC, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, The Johns Hopkins and IFRC Public Health Guide for Emergencies, Health Guide in Primary Health Care, Chapter 8, from www.ifrc.org/Docs/pubs/health/chapter8.pdf Mohamed Ali (2009). Accessibility of medicines and primary health care. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Vol.3 (3), pp. 070-077 March, 2009, ISSN 1996-0816, from http://www.academicjournals.org/AJPP/PDF/%20pdf2009/March/Mohamed%20Ali.pdf PHCRW (2005), Primary Health Care Reform & Women. National Coordinating Group on Health Care Reform and Women, ISBN: 0-9733117-4-6, 3 - 4, from http://www.cewh-cesf.ca/PDF/health_reform/primaryCareEN.pdf PHCRW (2005), Primary Health Care Reform & Women. Community involvement is essential to health and health care. ISBN: 0-9733117-4-6, 17 - 18, from http://www.cewh-cesf.ca/PDF/health_reform/primaryCareEN.pdf WHO (1978) Declaration of Alma Ata, International Conference on Primary Health Care, Ulma Ata,USSR, from http://www.who.int/hpr/NPH/docs/declaration_almaata.pdf WHO (2009). World Health Organization. The world health report.The core principles of primary health care, from http://www.who.int/whr/2003/chapter7/en/index1.html ZAKUS J. D. L. (1998). Resource dependency and community participation in primary health care, Social science & medicine. ISSN 0277-9536, CODEN SSMDEP , vol. 46, no4-5, pp. 475-494 (1 p.3/4), from http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=2133711 Read More