The Significant Role of the Radiation Concept Pioneers on the Radiation History Effects - Assignment Example

October 27, Assignment The significant role of the radiation concept pioneers on the radiation history effects. Wilhelm Roentgen was instrumental in the discovery of x-rays. During November of 1895, Roentgen observed an attached paper containing fluorescent substance glowed. The glowing occurred when the attached paper was placed near a tube. The tube contained low pressure gas contents. The glowing occurred when electricity was used in the radiation process. Roentgen observed infrared rays and kinetic energy cropped up during the entire radiation activity (Halperin, 2008). During 1895, Wilhelm Rontgen was able to discover the occurrence of X- rays. During 1886, Heinrich Hertz discovered the presence of radio waves. During 1896, Henri Becquerel conducted a deeper study of the beneficial effects of radioactive waves. Becquerel observed that the use of radioactive uranium sale had caused the darkening of certain portions of the X-ray operation’s photographic plate. The x-rays were passed through a metal object. In the same manner, S Thomson was able to duplicate the experiment of Mr. Becquerel. However, S. Thomson humbly did not take the first prestige for the discovery of the x-ray radiation theory (PubMed, 2004). Furthermore, Poland’s Madame Marie Curie, during her lifetime before 1934, was instrumental in maximizing the use of x-ray radiation benefits (PubMed, 2004). Madame Curie observed that the radium chemical element produced the radioactive rays. Prioritizing the radium research over visits to her child, father, friends, and other close associates, Madame Curie focused most of her research time on her successful radium research. Her husband, Pierre Curie helped Madame Curie during the entire radium radioactivity research. Madame Curie decide to secluded herself in order to prevent the radium radiation discover from falling into criminal-minded persons. During 1934, F. Joliot and Irene Curie Joliot both discovered the elusive creation of artificial radiation. The two Joliot researchers’ radiation discovery cropped up during their research of alpha particles and beta radiation on the radioactivity process. Furthermore, Madame Curie’s radioactive element life initially delved on the radium element (PubMed, 2004). Both spouses, Pierre Currie and Madame Currie, discovered the presence of both polonium and radium during 1901. Madame Curie used x-ray tubes on the World War I soldier patients. Since the x-ray was on an experimental stage, Madame Curie did not set up the needed radioactivity safety procedures. Consequently, Madame Curie regularly fell ill from the x-ray radiation effects. In her 1921 visit to the United States, Madame Curie continued to collect the precious radium chemical sources. During Madame Curie’s radioactivity research, the production of 0.5 grams of pure radium bromide required the use of one heave ton of the radium ore and another five tons of chemicals. Moreover, Madame Curie researched on other radioactive elements (PubMed, 2004). Aside from radium radioactive element, Madame Curie worked on Polonium radioactive chemical element. Likewise, Madame Curie researched on the Thorium radioactive chemical element. The same researcher delved on the benefits of the Uranium is radioactive element. In addition, Poland-based Madame Curie was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry. During 2011, the United Nations celebrated the chemistry year. The U.N. recognized Madame Curie as the prime mover of radiation (radioactive) chemistry. Radiation chemistry focuses on the healthy benefits of ionizing radiation. Madame Curie’s research led to beneficial health effects in the field of global healthcare. Curie’s 1929 research article explained how radiation brings health benefits to the human patients (Gluszewski, 2012). Further, Heinrich Hertz contribute his own share to the advancement of the health benefits of the radiation process. Hertz espoused Cathode rays have charged particles. As a university student majoring the highly technical Physics course during 1883, Hertz let a beam of cathode type rays pierce through two metal plates. An electrical field was inserted between the two plates. When the cathode ray beams passed through the electrical field, the positive type particles are shifted to the electrical field’s direction. On the other hand, the negative type particles are angled towards the other direction. The experiment led to Hertz making a theory that radiation had occurred in the process. In 1982, Hertz conducted another related radiation experiment. During the experiment, Hertz proved that the cathode rays could easily pass through the nearby thin metal foils. The metal foils were strategically placed to block the cathode rays’ path. Instead of stopping, the cathode ray radiation penetrated through the thin metal foils. Consequently, Hertz theorized that what passed through the thin metal foils is radiation. Hertz reiterated the radiation had the same properties as light passing through a home’s glass window panes to light the entire household. The whole world accepted the Hertz theory that the cathode ray is radiation (Woolfson, 2010). During 1906, Henri Becquerel successfully conducted his own version of the radiation experiment (Prelas, 2010). Becquerel accidentally discovered the radiation process. Carrying a radioactive object in his laboratory pocket, Becquerel suffered from the ill effects of radiation. The radioactive object literally burned Becquerel’s hand. His friend, Pierre Currie, repeated the same experiment on himself. Pierre Currie found the same reaction on Currie’s arms. The radioactive substance was strapped to Pierre Currie’s arm. Pierre Curie recorded for posterity and the scientific community the effects of the radioactive substance on the human body. During 1896, Henri Becquerel created a simple way to detect the presence of radioactivity within the vicinity (Prelas, 2010). Becquerel used silver plates to detect the presence of the radio waves. Today, photo films are based on Becquerel’s silver plate radioactivity detection process. The photo films are currently used to measure the radioactivity levels and occurrences. The x-ray film was born. The film was used to record the current health condition of the patients. The first x-ray films were covered with paper or plastic. The x-ray process includes the dosimeter, a film. The paper or plastic prevents the light from reaching the x-ray film. However, the radiation or x-ray easily passes through the paper or plastic blocking the x-ray’s path. After the filming, the film is developed. The film will show the amount of radiation reaching the patient. Thomas A. Edison contributed his own significant share to the radiation research. After learning Roentgen’s discovery x-ray radiation, Thomas Edison conducted his radiation research. The research was done understand better the radiation theory. Edison delves on the effect of radiation on the fluoroscopy process. The process uses x-ray radiation to take films of the human body’s inner environment, including the skeleton and vital organs. Edison’s x-ray radiation experiment produced several findings. One finding is the use of the more effective calcium tungstate-based option in the radiation process. Compared to the prior barium platinocyanide-based radiation option, the calcium tungstate option delivered better x-ray film results. After several radiation experiments on fluoroscopy, Edison’s assistant succumbed to radiation-caused ailments. In response, Edison was forced to stop all further radiation researches (Callaway, 2013). Hal Gray contributed his own unique share to the advancement of the health benefits of controlled radiation. Hal Gray is a British radiation biology scientist. Gray also majored in Physics. Gray set up the Mount Vernon healthcare facility’s Gray laboratories department. Gray affirmed that radiation can influentially affect any part of the human body. Gray contributed to the Gray unit of measurement within the radiation process (Bower, 2011). Herman Muller contributed another share to the advancement of radiation theory. Muller focused his research on x-ray radiation. Muller’s research delved on the effects o x-ray radiation on the mutation process of the fruit flies. Muller determined whether x-rays increased the fruit flies’ mutation process. The research was successful. Muller was able to determine the right x-ray dose needed to control the fruit flies’ mutation outcomes. Muller’s research affirmed radiation directly contributed the production of new genetic traits (Hoffman, 2012). The effects of leakage radiation from x-ray tube and patient to radiographers In all activities, the effective management of each activity eliminates or reduces unfavorable effects. Experts will ensure the machines are functioning well. On the other hand, greenhorn employees have higher chances of delivery low quality work performances. In many mediocre employee work environments, the poor management of the x-ray equipment may trigger x-ray leakage. X-ray leakage occurs in certain situations. One situation is when the x-ray beams exceed the 100 m$ in 1 h at a distance of 1 m from the point of the x-ray tube focus. X-ray leakage crops up when the x-ray machine steel shield is damaged. Likewise, the leakage may appear if the aluminum protection part is destroyed or malfunctioned (Forster, 1985). Leakage also occurs when the x-ray beams do not go through only the expected one direction. The normally safe x-ray beam should pass from the x-ray equipment’s collimator through the patient’s body part. The x-ray beam continues from the patients’ body part and ends on the film placed behind the patient. If this does not occur, then x-ray beam leakage arises. Another situation occurs when the x-ray equipment housing does not prevent the x-ray beams from travelling to an unexpected or unwarranted direction. The equipment housing prevents x-ray leakage by reducing the number of x-ray beams to the maximum 100 mR per hour (Johnston, 2013). Moreover, the leakage from the x-ray tube radiation as well patients significantly affects the radiographers. The radiographers are persons who perform the entire the x-ray processing activity. Primary x-ray radiation is useful in creating the patients’ negative body part film. Consequently, the scatter radiation occurs after the primary x-ray radiation hits the patients’ scatter radiation occurs when the x-ray beam hits an object such as a human body part. Leaked x-ray radiation is harmful to the radiographers and x-ray patients. The primary x-rays may bounce or change direction after hitting the patient or object (Johnston, 2013). Further, the x-ray radiation has harmful effects on the radiographer. First, the x-rays literally damage the patients’ body tissues. Some of the damaged body tissues will heal. However, other body tissues may never heal. The leaked x-ray’s directly hitting the patient will trigger the immediate death of the affected body tissues. The x-ray may damage the radiographer’s affected human cell (Johnston, 2013). Furthermore, the somatic ill effects of being directly hit by the leaked x-rays will harm the radiographer. When the x-ray leak occurs, the x-ray photons literally fly from the housing and penetrate the patients’ hands. The x-ray leak may come from the window or port of the x-ray equipments (Campeau, 2009). The radiographers should avoid the leaked x-ray’s cancer effects. The leaked x-rays can trigger cataract eye ailments. The same x-rays can trigger leukemia. Undoubtedly, the radiographer will suffer from the x-ray’s triggering the patients’ poor health. The affected radiographer may transfer the x-ray effects to their children and grandchildren. The effects may transfer to the future children and future grandchildren who never heard it at home (Phinney, 2003). Moreover, certain parts of the human body will develop ill effects from x-ray beams. The most x-ray sensitive human body parts are the lymphoid, intestinal epithelium, and bone marrow. The moderately sensitive parts of the human body are skin, and oral mucosa. The body’s sensitive parts are the connective tissue and the ever-growing human bones. The less x-ray sensitive part of the human body is the mature body bone, and saliva. The least x-ray sensitive body parts are the nerves, muscle, and kidney parts (Phinney, 2003). To resolve the x-ray leakage issue, the radiographer must implement certain safety x-ray procedures. The radiographer must stay out of the x-ray beam’s line of sight. When taking the patients’ x-ray picture, the radiographer must stay 1.5 meters away from the x-ray machine. When taking the patient’s x-ray picture, the radiographer must never hold the image receptor within the patient’s mouth. The radiographer must not touch the x-ray tube head during the taking of the patients’ x-ray picture (Whaites, 2013). Further, the wrong position of the x-ray tube will harm the radiographer (Fraser et al., 2007). The right way is to hold the x-ray tube low. The scattered radiation amounts of the primary x-ray emissions that enter the patients’ body is normally approximately 980 times higher than the x-ray emissions exit the patient’s body. To ensure the safety of the radiographer, the x-ray tube must be placed under the patient or under the x-ray room table. This method lets the x-ray emissions travel at a diagonally downward direction. Consequently, the x-ray emissions will bounce away from the patients’ body at a 45 degree angle. Thus, the radiographer is not hit by the x-ray radiation exiting the patients’ body. The same position of the x-ray beam will protect the head, neck, and other delicate parts of the radiographer’s body. Further, the radiographer must not insert his or her hands into the x-ray machine’s emitted primary x-ray beam. Such act should be prohibited. Such act will turn the radiographer’s fingers brown. The radiographer must implement the safer procedures. One such procedure is to move the x-ray tube far distantly from the patients. By doing so, the patient has lesser probability of succumbing to the radiation-triggered ailments. Consequently, the severity of radiation effect is reduced to allowable levels. Furthermore, other causes of radiation-triggered sicknesses occur when the radiographer is often near the x-ray machine. The x-ray ingredients packed near the x-ray machines. The radiographer must strive to stay away from the x-ray ingredients. Similarly the x-ray radiographer must strive to unnecessarily stay away from the hazardous components of the x-ray machines (Serdar, 2012). Moreover, the x-ray radiation effects on the radiographer are often debilitating. Cell death occurs. After being bombarded with bounced x-rays, the symptoms do not immediately crop up. Slowly and surely, the symptoms of x-ray radiation exposure begin to crop up. The radiation ailment may be classified as chronic ailment or acute ailment. The radiographer’s being subjected to accidentally huge amounts of x-ray emissions will lead to avoidable suffering on the part of the radiographer. The radiographer’s being hit by unintentionally high x-ray emissions will probably lead to a chronic form of x-ray-based ailments (Fraser et al., 2007). In addition, there are several effects of x-ray radiation on the radiographer. If the x-ray emissions hit the radiographer’s body, the radiographer may suffer from sometimes excruciating abdominal pain. The afflicted radiographer may suffer from nausea and diarrhea. Fever may crop up when the radiographer was hit by a heavier duty guns. The afflicted radiographer’s hair may start to thin out, often leading to .baldness. The same afflicted person’s mouth may show swelling. The same person continues bleeding may uncover bleeding. In some instances skin ulcers may appear on the radiographer’s position (Fraser et al., 2007). Further, the x-ray radiation causes damage to the healthy parts of the radiographer and other interested persons. Radiation may trigger damage on the certain body parts. The controlled radiation process is used to kill cancer cells. The radiographer’s accidentally being hit by a moving x-ray beam may trigger impotency and minimal discouragement. The patient, radiographer, may feel one’s bone marrow is severely destroyed. In addition, the same person may suffer from internal hemorrhage or bleeding (Fraser et al., 2007). After the radiographer is confined in the healthcare facility, the medical researchers use medical equipment to alleviate or remove radiation sickness from the patients. The medical prescriptions are aimed to alleviate the symptoms of the radiation sickness. Current medical expertise does not include any tool or medical procedure that will completely cure the sick person (Fraser et al., 2007). References: Bower, M. (2011). Lecture Notes: Oncology. London: J. Wiley & Sons. Callaway, W. (2013). Introduction to Radiologic Technology. New York: Elsevier Health Press. Campeau, F. 2009. Limited Radiography, Cengage Learning Press, London. Forster, E. 1985. Equipment for Diagnostic Radiography, Springer Press, London. Gluszewski, W. (2012). The Development of Radiation Technologies Since Maria Curie. Kwart Historical Nauki Technology Journal , 1 (71), 71-88. Halperin, E. (2008). Perez and Bradys Principles and Practice of Radiation Oncology. London: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Press. Hoffman, P. (2012). Lifes Ratchet. New York: Basic Books Press. Johnston, J. 2013. Essentials of Radiographic Physics and Imaging, Elsevier Health Press, London. Phinney, D. 2003. Delmars Dental Assisting. Cengage Learning Press, London. Prelas, M. (2010). Science and Technology of Terrorism and Counterterrorism. Boca Raton: CRC Press. PubMed. (2004). Pioneers of Nuclear Medicine, Madame Curie. Hell Journal of Nuclear Medicine , 7 (1), 30-31. Whaites, E. 2013. Essentials of Dental Radiography and Radiography. Elsevier Health Services Press, London. Woolfson, M. (2010). Materials, Matter & Particles. New York: World Scientific Press. 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