Understanding Specific Needs in Health and Social Care - Assignment Example

Disability Introduction The WHO defines health as the of complete physical, social, and mental well-being. The concepts that have a correlation to health and social care adapted for the purposes of defining health and diseases in human beings include impairments, sicknesses, and behavior of a person. The individuals can misuse the concepts that do not understand the term effectively. The potential health and social care practitioners have the mandate of understanding the meaning of the term health and the perception of the related concepts (Koot and Jan 8). The effect of not having adequate information about the concepts can lead to problems such as administering the wrong medication to the patients thus may brand the practitioners as incompetent. Disability refers to the inability of a person to perform any activity that falls within the normal range of human beings. The cause of such inabilities is impairments that primarily refer to the loss of abnormality. An example of the disabilities is a limited functioning leg that causes the inability to walk. Task 1 In the past years, people viewed disabilities and illnesses as potential killers since there was no research into the issues to ascertain proper mechanisms to contain them. The stroke victims in the past years have died due to lack of proper medication (Stahl 166). The scientific research in the past 25 years has ensured the provision of medication for the stroke victims to save their lives from the ailment. Stroke is capable of killing a person instantly because it leads to failure of the brain to function. Stroke mostly occurs whenever there is no blood flow to the brain thus causing a person to die temporarily. Research in the medical field has found cures for stroke and medications to prevent its occurrence. The availability of ways to ensure the prevention of stroke has led to the decrease in death cases resulting from stoke in the past 25 years. The stroke as a disability in the past has evolved to become an illness like any other with a cure and prevention. Therefore, those people suffering from stroke are not at any danger of isolation from the community because of their situation (Sŏng and Bum 99). In the past years, people have viewed stroke as a potential disability. Therefore, it was difficult for people to intermingle and associate freely with the stroke victims for fear of getting contaminated it. Therefore, most people who have died in the past died not because of the disease but from other outside factors that affected them either physically, mentally or even psychologically. Some people who are normal or have not witnesses a person suffer from stroke even in the present day are likely to associate it with a disability. However, the management of the problems causing stroke can make a person to understand whatever that takes place leading to the occurrence of such ailments (MacCourt, 215). Politically, when stroke is seen as a disability, then it has the potential of destroying a person’s political dream or career. This is because people are not likely to have such persons vie for political seats to lead them. They see them as having short lives that can end any time without having them experience any development. Therefore, the people tend to deny them the opportunities to lead them since they believe that disability is just equal to the inability that a person may have. Therefore, the people will deny those suffering from stroke political support and even social support. The people suffering from stroke suffer psychologically because of the trauma that they go through in the hands of other people. People at times abuse them and equate them to the dead. Equating a person who is alive to death is enough to make the person die because it is as the person is just a burden in this world (Ember and Melvin 33). Task 2 The raw facts concerning the number of disabled person in the country are challenging to collect (Neal and Sharron 88)The number of persons with mental disabilities and require rehabilitation in order for their condition to return to normalcy is about six million. One of the primary causes of disabilities is mental illnesses. The collection of data on the number of disabled person in a country is crucial in the future planning of a country for better productivity. In addition, the data can serve to aid in the implementation of programs that will ensure the prosperity of the country as a block as opposed to having divisions of the disabled and normal persons. Such divisions have the effect of weakening the country in all aspects ranging from economic down to social and political aspects. The Medicare Part D aptly examines the drug prescription coverage for the beneficiaries of medical care taken in the year 2006 in the first month of the year. The beneficiaries involved in this coverage system have zero coverage or just some drug coverage that is generic in nature. This section was in place for the purpose of meeting various set goals such as the protection against some dreadful realized usage and spending of drugs and considerable underuse in some. Some of the potential questions that the article covers gives information about include for instance the number of persons from the public who spent to a limit of $2250 in the year 2006. This figure is doughnut hole threshold ($2250). The article also seeks to shade light about the effect of chronic illness concerning the possibility of reaching the set doughnut hole. In doing the research, the study data came from various sources. The article presentation also uses various methods in presenting the data obtained concerning the proposed topic under investigation. In the setting, information for the article was from casual enrolment of the potential beneficiaries in a reputable Pennsylvanian insurance firm. The enrollment was successful if the employers of the beneficiaries offered to cover the insurance costs. Like a number of study cases in the part D offering, the products of the Medical Advantage Prescription Drug did not consist of any deductible but consisted of various copayments for the brand name drugs and generic. The study sample was obtainable through random sampling of approximately 16120 individuals continuously having enrolment in the year 2006. However, this number was less those under the age of sixty years old and those nursing at their homes. Complete observance of their drug usage during the period, as they could not be readily available for the task. In order to identify how the chronic diseases had an impact on the possibility of attaining optimal doughnut hole, there was the need to employ the use of patients suffering from hypertension. This is because of the high exposure and the disease burden base that is critically high. The study also included the calculation of proportion of beneficiaries that had a drug spending hitting the doughnut hole threshold. Details of this are as discussed in the subsequent paragraph (Somers, & United States, 2010). The assessment of the financial burden that the beneficiaries face in the doughnut hole is possible through the calculations done in the drug spending that does not spend on money form the person. There was the assessment of the number of people who can reach the threshold value. In addition, there was detailed assessment of the cost suitable in mandating the coverage of generics available in the doughnut hole. This proposal was by Joseph Newhouse and Richard Frank. There was an increment in cost sharing with an association in the mandated coverage in generic. However, this had a basis on the medication use in the available sample. The research study also included the responses made the doughnut hole. The result of the study was diverse portraying various critiquing angles. First, it gave a rough estimate of the population proportion capable of attaining the doughnut hole value. The number of beneficiaries that reach the doughnut hole showed an increase with the increasing number of chronic illness cases. Those patients with diabetes and hypertension diseases managed to reach the required threshold in that year. This number was approximately thirty-one percent as opposed to the sixty one percent suffering from hypertension, CHF, diabetes and hyperlidemia. The trend was similar for those beneficiaries having diabetes and the other relevant chronic diseases. These results give an impression that those beneficiaries attaining the doughnut hole have their decisions about drug usage in place for their own account Task 3 The present government is striving to ensure that there is self-sufficiency through the promotion young and vulnerable adults through various initiatives. Such initiatives include the recognition of the disabled persons through the organization of events such as sports and athletics set aside for the disabled persons willing to participate. Another initiative is thorough the empowerment of the disabled persons through setting aside places for them in government positions. This makes them realize that they are also part of the nation where they belong and will thus work in a patriotic way to ensure success of their country (Harris 68). The ongoing development within the government will serve as key indicators of empowerment for the persons having various disabilities. If the rend happens to continue for the nest 10 years or so, the nation will witness a situation where the disabilities have the performance ability that exceeds even that of the normal human beings. However, it is the mandate of the government to ensure that all its citizens and certainly those prone to the disabilities have maximum attention for them to realize their potential. Therefore, the government should ensure the convergence of all the medical professions and social scientists to propose the facts concerning the affected persons. This will serve as a move to strengthen the response of the government in the codification of rules that will ensure that the disabled persons not only benefit but also realize benefits that come with dignity. The law and the facts act fundamental tools in in favor of the persons with disabilities (Gabe, Michael and Mary 130). Task 4 The concepts perform a very significant role in the provision of explanations for specific needs of persons. The concepts enhance the understanding of why complex behaviors exist. Therefore, they suggest the possible causes of the some of the complete behavior. Through the explanations, they come up with potential reasons why the people with the complex behaviors are regarded as those with specific needs. Therefore, concepts enhance the understanding of the specific requirements of the people with disabilities thus ensuring that that their requirements are met adequately (Olsen 24) . In the management of the challenging behaviors that young people exhibit concerning learning disabilities, a person should put into consideration various factors. Such factors include the cause of the disability. For instance, if a person has a hearing loss, them the one trying to manage the hearing disability should try to understand whether the problem occurred during birth or it has been induced by a certain mechanism such as injury. In that way, the people can try to assist the learner with the disability to cope with it. For instance, if the cause of the disability is biological, then ways the person managing the problem can sought for ways to rectify the situation. Such ways include using sign language as the method of instruction in school and other works of life. In this case, the person learns how to talk and communicate with other people effectively through the utilization of sign language. However, if the cause of the hearing problem is injury, the person managing the disability can sought to use mechanisms such as introducing the disabled person to the use of hearing aids. In this case, the young person is bale to perceive sounds, as just like any other person and in that way, the problem would have been contained. Therefore, the problem will be a past thing and the young disabled person is able to cope and live normally just like other people (Brenner, Daniel and Joshua 88). In addition, the manager of the disability problems should ensure the provision of counselling services to them to help them understand their situation (Brenner, Daniel and Joshua 88). Counselling should serve to enable them realize that they are just like the other persons and they have the potential of doing things normally like them. Therefore, the young people will grow up knowing that they have a purpose for which they were born that way. Some disabled persons have been able to cope with realities of their situations through counseling. However not all have managed to constructively ensure that they come out of such situations as victors, therefore it is the mandate of the person managing the situation in the young people to see to it that they come out successful and eager to face life with much vigor (Wilkins 32). There are adults who are also vulnerable to the impairments. Such adults just like any other person require counselling services to enable them accept their situations (Chan, Elizabeth and Julie 55). The adult life is very tempting and demanding more so if one has a family. Therefore, proper counseling will enable one to struggle against all odds to ensure that his or her family gets something to eat when the day ends. Additionally, the adults should be offered some assistance to ensure that they with the relevant gadgets that will help improve the situations that they are in. For instance, those who are unable to walk should be assisted with wheelchairs and those who are unable to see should be assisted with walking sticks to aid them wherever they are going. In this manner, them no person who has a disability will be able to view the disability as the potential barrier to achieving their dreams in life (Chan, Elizabeth and Julie 55). Works cited Chan, Fong, Elizabeth S. Cardoso, and Julie A. Chronister. Understanding Psychosocial Adjustment to Chronic Illness and Disability: A Handbook for Evidence-Based Practitioners in Rehabilitation. New York: Springer, 2009. Print. Brenner, Grant H, Daniel H. Bush, and Joshua Moses. Creating Spiritual and Psychological Resilience: Integrating Care in Disaster Relief Work. New York: Routledge, 2010. Print. Ember, Carol R, and Melvin Ember. Encyclopedia of Medical Anthropology: Health and Illness in the Worlds Cultures. New York: Springer, 2004. Print. Gabe, Jonathan, Michael Bury, and Mary A. Elston. Key Concepts in Medical Sociology. London: Sage Publications, 2004. Print. Harris, James C. Intellectual Disability: Understanding Its Development, Causes, Classification, Evaluation, and Treatment. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006. Print. Koot, Hans M, and Jan L. Wallander. Quality of Life in Child and Adolescent Illness: Concepts, Methods, and Findings. New York: Brunner-Routledge, 2001. Print. MacCourt, Penny. National Guidelines for a Comprehensive Service System to Support Family Caregivers of Adults with Mental Health Problems and Illnesses. , 2013. Print. Neal, Leslie J, and Sharron E. Guillett. Care of the Adult with a Chronic Illness or Disability: A Team Approach. St. Louis: Elsevier Mosby, 2004. Print. Olsen, Jan A. Principles in Health Economics and Policy: Distributing Health Care. Oxford: OUP Oxford, 2009. Print. Sŏng, Kyu-tak, and Bum J. Kim. Respect for the Elderly: Implications for Human Service Providers. Lanham: University Press of America, 2009. Print. Stahl, Michael J. Encyclopedia of Health Care Management. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications, 2004. Print. Wilkins, Esther M. Clinical Practice of the Dental Hygienist. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2009. Print. Read More