Type 2 Diabetes - Assignment Example

Type 2 Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes Question Type 2 diabetes arises when the pancreas fails produce adequate insulin to sustain a standard blood glucose level, or the body fails to use the insulin, which is created (insulin resistance) (Ali et al. 2012, p. 67). There are a number of reasons why, in type 2 diabetes, the pancreas does not create enough insulin. The risk factors include are over 40 years old, genetics (having a relative with the type 2 diabetes), are of African, African-Caribbean and South Asian decent and being obese or overweight (Baggot 2010, p. 34). The reason why people of African, African-Caribbean and South Asian decent are being targeted is because diagnosis shows that this groups are at higher risks of developing type 2 diabetes than any other ethnic group. People of African, African-Caribbean and South Asian decent are more prone to developing the illness (Helitzer 2011, p. 240). The condition is up to 5-6 times more widespread in Asian communities than it is in the general United Kingdom population, and is three times more widespread in Africans and people of African-Caribbean decent. People of African-Caribbean and Asian origin also have a higher risk of developing harsh complications of diabetes like heart disease, at a much younger age compared to the rest of the population. The reason why people over the age of 40 are also being targeted is because the risk of catching type 2 diabetes rises with age. This might be because individuals tend to add weight and exercise less as they grow older (Helitzer 2011, p. 240). The health promotion need aims at improving group quality of life and reducing inequality for the group outcomes and determinants. The goal of health promotion programs is to help individual to sustain and enhance health, manage chronic illness and reduce the risk of disease (Hubley & Copeman 2013, p. 31). In doing so, they add to the self-sufficiency and well-being of individuals, their families and the community at large. There is unequal distribution of determinants of type 2 diabetes, which greatly underlies heath inequalities. Research shows that whites and Asians receive better treatment compared to their African or African-Caribbean counterparts (Judge & Bauld 2014, p. 19). There are also widespread inequalities in community resources, inequalities in lifestyle factors like diet, cigarette smoking and physical activity, in equalities in ‘general socioeconomic and environmental conditions’, an and an unequal access to good education, secure employment and income, among others (Linsley 2011, p. 41). When it comes to education, a majority of these age groups are well learned compared to the whites this country. That is why the condition is more prevalent in people of African, African-Caribbean and South Asian decent (Judge & Bauld 2014, p. 19). White are richer compared to these groups, they have more secure employment because of their British origin and have access to proper education compared to these groups. Another factor is that critics argue that white communities are more resourceful in the United Kingdom when compared to regions where these other groups reside (Linsley 2011, p. 41). This is why these other groups are not well educated concerning diabetes. Question 2 SWOT Analysis Strengths The strengths in promoting health for this group include presence of multi-disciplinary teams, integration and continuity with primary care, well established team with steady membership and alignment with state guidelines (Raphael 2011, p. 7). Weaknesses This group lacks outpatient resource, insufficient IT support at some venues, growth and increasing occurrence of diabetes and lack of auditable clinical record (Rodin & Janis 2014, p. 71). Opportunities The opportunities include maximising learning opportunities and improving oversight and peer review for care team (Piper 2011, p. 41). Threats Finally, the threats include devolvement of skilled labour force and funding to primary care and service resource, which were behind are now increasing prevalence (Peyrot 2011, p. 1703). Question 3 Health promotion comprises of all those activities meant to improve health and enhance well-being. People want the assistance and guidance from health professionals. These health professionals have the skills and knowledge and it is their duty to influence people to make much healthier decisions. People wish to make amendments in their behaviour and want assistance to enable them to do this (Public Health England 2013, p. 78). They might not be in a position do this by themselves and that is why health promotion is there. The downsides of health promotion are: People do not necessarily think health professionals know best and that health professionals have been wrong; the benefits behind the health promotion might vary from those of the people targeted; health promotion can is considered as making a ethical judgement on peoples’ failure; and people aimed at might feel blameworthy, rebellious or angry about always being told what they must do. It is not only individual, but also economic and social factors, which have most persuasion on health and there is a risk in centering on the individual and overlooking other factors (Steckler & Linnan 2012, p. 57). Numerous concepts and theories have been formed to deal with this issue or basically address the health promotional need among different communities; examples of this theory include the Critical Race Theory and the Beattie health promotional model among others (Uutela 2013, p. 73). This section will focus on the Beattie health promotional model. The Beattie health promotional model contended that environmental and social factors are major determinant of health status. The poor health experiences, as well as higher accident rates of slightly lower occupational groups, are attributed to class differentials and concomitant socio-economic inequalities such as unequal income, wealth and capital distribution (Uutela 2013, p. 73). This factor has been a major challenge of treating the ethnic groups in this paper because they are all deprived of these factors. When it comes to diabetes, numerous health promotional methods have been incorporated at the global, national and also local level. For instance, at the global level, there is an international diabetes day meant to recognise these patients (Owen & Reilly 2011, p. 98). At the national level, the government has set aside national screening days, which seek to screen people for diabetes. At the local level, diabetes walks are held once every year just to rise aware and also capital to treat a few select patients with the condition. Question 4 The theory selected for this section is the social ecological model. According to this theory, people behave the way they do because of the societal perceptions of them. For instance, an obese boy or girl will see no need of trying to lose weight because they are constantly referred to as fat, which is a risk factor of type 2 diabetes. This also shows a lack of knowledge in the side of the obese child, because they do not know by continuing to be obese is a danger to them. They have the belief that being obese is fulfilling what people say. The community organisation theory centers on the communitys strengths. The key concepts advocated by this theory include empowerment, community capacity, critical consciousness, issue selection and relevance and participation (NICE n.d, p. 1). For instance, if applied to our target group, communities will be granted resource that will enhance their knowledge in diabetes and also to help people being affected by this disease (NICE n.d, p. 1). This advocates for an organisational change to health management. The diffusion of innovations theory, on the other hand, centers on the process through which a new concept is disseminated all over a society. Its key elements include communication channels, innovations, social networks and time to reach members (NICE n.d, p. 1). Therefore, if applied to our target group, then a society will have members who their main role is to reach out to these diabetic patients and also come up with ways that will help them enhance their health. This theory advocates more for a policy change. They will also built social networks, which will help in raising awareness concerning the illness (Mielck 2010, p. 606). These theories put more emphasis to the community and health professionals to ensure that the health need is passed to those who need them successfully. Power is granted to the public to ensure that people’s well being are on check and that they also help out wherever they can, for example, financially (Marks 2011, p. 40). One approach that is used is behaviour change. This approach will allow people to take responsibility of their well-being. The health promotion activity that is used here focuses on improving behaviour change to support adoption of healthier lifestyle (Marmot Review 2010, p. 14). This approach is significant because it applies scientific methods such as epidemiology to validate itself. It also gives responsibility to people to ensure that they are healthy. The only problem is that not everybody is keen to ensure that they are healthy; that is why people fall sick in the first place. The resources to use this diabetic target group are a combination of posters and leaflets. They should be designed in an appropriate manner that attracts a wider audience (Green & Tones 2010, p. 67). The language used should also be simple, which a majority of people can understand. The advantage of using posters and leaflets is that it is less expensive method of health promotion and they can strategically be positioned to reach their target audience. The only disadvantage is that one cannot measure the number of people they have reached (Green & Kreuter 2012, p. 98). They leaflets and posters can be posted in schools, hospitals, churches, mosques and any other public gathering place or institution. The advantage of such setting is that if will a wider audience without costing much. However, a disadvantage is that a lot of people tend to ignore reading these leaflets. 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