The Signs of Aids, its Treatment and Prevention - Report Example

Brief essay on AIDS THE SIGNS OF AIDS, ITS TREATMENT AND PREVENTION Brief Essay on AIDS 2 Causative Agent for AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome or Acquired immune deficiency Syndrome is briefly called as AIDS. It results in a collection of infections in a human body. The Aids results in damage of the immune cells in a human body. It is cause with by the virus called “immunodeficiency virus”[HIV]1. This virus is transmitted through direct contact of a macous membrane, which are the linings present in ectodermic origin or “ Germ Layer”[2] . This layer is involved in absorption and secretion of th4e bodily fluid containing HIV. The transmission of HIV virus is carried out through “blood, semen, preseminal fluid vaginal fluid and breast milk”[3] The transmission reaches the human body in the following ways vaginal and oral sex, blood transfusion, contaminated needles, exchange between mother and child or breast feeding. HIV virus infects the vital components of the human immune system and cells. It destroys the cells in lymphocytes, which is a type of blood cell and which play an active role in the functioning of the immune system of the human body. This virus does not stop with this it goes on affecting the inner and outer organs of the human body, such as kidneys[ which results in severe renal failure], heart [resulting in cardiac arrest], and brain [resulting in tumors]. Foot Notes: [1], [2], [3]- All the basic information regarding Aids are referred from the following website http://www.wikiepedia.com/aids. ] Brief Essay on AIDS 3 Diagnosis of AIDS Aids is diagnosed generally with a blood test. So the result will be given as HIV +ve for those patients who gets affected by the HIV virus. The medical researches says that the patient or any person will develop this virus in his or her blood after three months only. That is if he gets the virus transmitted into his blood the effect will start after three months’ time. But the testing should be done without delivering the report publicly. The patient should be given full information concerning the effects and the transmitting quality of the disease before the medical testing report is given. Because the physicians feel that in some cases the reporting of the presence of Aids might suddenly cause depression and he or she affected by that might get a different treatment from the society which does not approve of the aids people. “Testing can be done either by a GP [general physician or family doctor] or in a specialized GUM [genitor-urinary medicine] clinic” and “tests in GUM are subject to stronger legal confidentiality rules” [HIV & AIDS Diagnosis. Online http://www.nhdirect.nhs.uk/articles ] Pathogenesis of Aids Pathogenesis explains the cause and effect and the growth of the disease. As far as the pathogenesis of Aids is- concerned it could be explained in two ways or two kinds of experiences. One is through direct human immuno deficiency and the viral infection of CD4++ cells[4]. And the other will be using infected needled used for injecting purposes. Brief Essay on AIDS 4 The infection takes an approximate time of three months to spread fully into the human body and the complete developed stage will be reached from 10-12 years depending upon the severity of the infection developing in a patient. And this time period of infection ans spreading and growing of the disease is called as the incubation. The patient will experience high rate of viral replication during the growing period of the disease. And the other stages are as follows 1. Immune systems undergoing changes until the development of Aids[a] 2. Mechanism of inappropriate immune activation [b] 3. The viral and the host mediated mechanism influencing the level of viral expression seen in successive stages [c]. The pathogenesis between a mother and child takes 20-35 present. And this is spread through pregnancy and after that breast feeding. Signs and Symptoms of Aids: The following are the signs and symptoms of AIDS. Very firstly it should be noticed that an Aids patient will have physical and emotional changes in him or her. Mark Cichocki, has analyzes certain symptoms and these are found out to be similar with that a many analysis. Foot Notes:[a], [b], [c]-These stages extend then and this could be verified through successive medical tests in a laboratory. For further details refer to “The pathogenic mechanisms of HIV infection from Acute stage infection through Clinical Laboratory. http://www.hivpositive.com/F-Treatment/NIH-research/oar4a2a5.htm Brief Essay on AIDS 5 He says an Aids patient will have “Depression”[1] at the first level. This means an alteration of mood and unable to function in a normal and usual way. Next comes “Diarrhea”[2], this seem to be common symptom in almost all Aids patient. Then “Thrush”[3], it is a kind of white color formation in the upper layer of the tongue and it is found out that it will not disappear even after good brushing is done. “Weight Loss”[4], there will be sudden loss of weight with in a short period of time, “Lipodystrophly”[5], this is the redistribution of fat in areas such as cheeks, arms, legs etc.”Sinus Infection”, “Vomiting” are also found out to be symptoms of Aids. Treatments Suppressing AIDS The antiretroviral drugs are given with two aims, one is to reduce the function of the viral enzymes, which has the capacity to replicate itself. Nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors [NRTIS] [a] which has the following Drug called “Zidovudine” was the first drug given approval for the treatment of Aids. The “Non –Nucleoside reverse transcriptase [ NNRTIS] [b] , and “Protease inhibitors”[c], and “Fusion Inhibitors”[d] are the treatments given for aids. In general all these treatments provides drugs of various functions. Foot Notes: [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]- These are the top symptoms of AIDS . Mark Cichocki is a nurse specialist working in University of Michigans HIV/AIDS treatment program..More details are available in the website http://aids.about.com/mbiopage.htm [a], [b], [c], [d]- These treatments functions in different stages of the disease such as the beginning infection stage , reverse transcription, viral replication, Dom entering human immune cells respectively. Refer the website for more details. http://www.ehealthmd.com/library/aids/AIDS-treatment.html Brief Essay on AIDS 6 Prevention of AIDS The prevention of Aids is carried out in many ways. The first and safety prevention is to use condoms, avoid reused needled for giving injections etc. But apart from this there are other ways to prevent the spreading of this disease, they are encouraging awareness among the people through advertisements in newspaper, documents showing the effect and seriousness of the spreading infectious quality of Aids in Television, Radio and movies also. More than this counseling can be given on the seriousness of the HIV infection to those who are affected by this disease, so that they will also cooperate to prevent the infection spread further. “Media Campaigns and education in Schools are among the best ways to create awareness of AIDS” says the Aver Organization in their website [http://www.avert.org/prevent-hiv.htm] People and major areas of the World affected by AIDS Women are the major victims of Aids other that men. Because pregnancy paves way for more chances of spreading to the future generation. The increase of woman sex workers is another reason behind this. As far as the areas are concerned the website http://www.unaids.org/en has given the information that the Sub-Saharan Africa, East Africa, West Africa, Middle East and Northern Africa, Eastern Europe and Asia [this includes countries like China, India etc.], The Caribbean, The Latin, Central and Northern America are the prominent areas where people affected by Aids could be seen. Bibliography http://www.unaids.org/en http://www.avert.org/prevent-hiv.htm http://www.hivpositive.com/F-Treatment/NIH-research/oar4a2a5.htm HIV & AIDS Diagnosis. Online http://www.nhdirect.nhs.uk/articles http://www.wikiepedia.com/aids Mark Cichocki, Top ten Symptoms of AIDS. Online. http://aids.about.com/mbiopage.htm Treatment That Supress AIDS. Online. http://www.ehealthmd.com/library/aids/AIDS-treatment.html. Read More