Clinical Pathologic Correlation - Research Paper Example

Clinical Pathologic Correlation Clinical pathologic correlations form fundamental methods of research that target to improve the understanding of the mechanisms, as well as the causes of neoplasms. The approach creates a relationship between the symptoms observed clinically and the part of the tissue likely compromised by an abnormal process. Essentially, the procedure allows scientists, as well as other researchers to study the severity of the process, impacts on the human body, their behavior, and distribution (Czerwińska-Pawluk 32). Therefore, pathologists’ diagnosis would be more effective if a good communication with the clinicians took place. Neoplasms result from misfolded protein accumulation in the cells cycle, which have the consequential effect of altering clinical characteristics (Wiebe et al. 1158) Why spend time reading relevant clinical history? The determination of the nature and cause of patient’s illness by a health practitioner is called diagnosis. This diagnosis is based on evaluating the patient’s symptoms, the physical findings, and the results of various laboratory tests, together with other diagnostic procedures. Once a diagnosis is reached, a prognosis could be offered, and that would establish the most suitable course of treatment, which serves the patient’s best interest. In pathologic diagnosis, pathologists serve as consultants to the physician. They work with all other medical specialists, using the tools of laboratory medicine to provide information that is essential to problem solving in clinical practice, by interpreting fast and accurate results. In addition, because of the new and highly complex tests increasing in recent years, clinicians rely more on the pathologists to give a comprehensive diagnosis that would enable them to develop an optimal plan of treatment. However, pathologists’ first responsibility is toward the patient. Thus, the importance of clinical information and pathological correlation is highly emphasized and recommended. The emphasis and recommendation stem from the fact that the latter deals with the study of biological recesses with abnormal traits such as infectious diseases, hormone sites, disease manifestation, and exhibited patterns. Therefore, the clinical history is an imperative tool in the evaluation process; it aligns with cytomorphologic features and other molecular findings. Unfortunately, Clinicians and surgeons do not understand the subjectivity of microscopic diagnosis, and it gets more meaningful only when the pathologists are fully informed and cognizant of the essential clinical data. The lack of adequate clinical history will hinder the pathologist from solving the puzzle without misguidance. Furthermore, the correlation of a cytopathologic interpretation with a follow-up surgical specimen when available is to reinforcing features seen in these small cytologic samples. The collaboration of Cytopathologists, clinicians, and surgical pathologists is pivotal to accurate interpretation leading to optimal patient care Clinical pathologic correlations have a relationship with cytopathology. Cytopathologists examine cellular specimens that they obtain from varied body sites that give the picture of the infection or dysplastic process under study (Woolever 34). Therefore, cytopathology relates to the study and the diagnosis of diseases at their cellular stage by the use of microscopes and ancillary studies. The Usefulness of Clinical Histories to the ROSE Service  According to Eloubeidi, pathologists, as well as cytotechnologists, perform the ROSE service with the target of checking the contents of the cell and the smears from fine needle aspirations and biopsy touch imprints (2842). The service has the potential of informing the operator on the needfulness of additional specimens and eliminates the possibilities of having to redo a number of diagnostic processes. It gives room for preliminary diagnostic procedures with the aim of requesting additional material useful in the ancillary studies. Therefore, the ROSE service helps in the avoidance of extra costs of the diagnoses. As much as the process is helpful in the provision of information concerning the patients’ state, it is needful to consider that it is time-consuming (Mukherjee 239). There is also the question of who should perform the service because of the consideration that the time spent on it. For instance, a number of cytopathologists show reluctant tendencies towards the service because of the feeling that they go unreimbursed for the time spent. Therefore, the process is more helpful when an adequate clinical history has been given (Fassina et al. 311). Such information may include age, history, imaging, symptoms, size of lesion, and location of lesion or if any other lesions are present, if patient have any other primary malignancies that might be metastasizing, the nature of lesion. The information helps the pathologist in narrowing down their diagnosis and choosing how many passes to take for other studies in order to differentiate the origin of the tumor and could order immunohistochemistry stains. For such as reason, it is necessary to examine the usefulness of information concerning patients in the application of ROSE. If there were to be a consideration of the Pap Smears, there would be a discovery that patient clinical history is fundamental in the ROSE service. For example, the CLIA Amendments of 1988 give a specification that there is a need for patient clinical history in the performance of Pap Smears (Mastorakis et al. 210). Laboratories face particular challenges in the acquisition of pertinent clinical data which affects the efficiency of the operations in the same context. First, most laboratories contain within their systems, quality control layouts. Such measures may include double Pap smear screening with prior abnormal clinical histories or better still, an automated pathological analysis of the submitted smears with unusual records. Secondly, there is a requisition by the CLIA provisions that the laboratories have portions of high-risk cases. For the latter case, there is a mandatory requirement of 10% for rescreening of those samples that gave initial adverse outcomes (Fischer, Cynthia, and Mojgan 896). The best way of obtaining information concerning the potentially high-risk samples is through the use of patient histories. Therefore, all pathologic laboratories need to design mechanisms that help them to get patient information on their Pap smear requisition forms. Conclusion This work has reviewed the generalized concept of Clinical pathologic correlations and a more specific approach of cytopathology. The former term studies the relationship between the transformations in behaviors observed clinically and the part of the brain likely to have been compromised by an abnormal protein. On the other hand, cytopathology studies and diagnoses diseases at a cellular level. As such, the two are interrelated in the fact that they both involve the screening of body tissues, which helps in monitoring any anomalies in the cell structures. In addition, the work has also reviewed the usefulness of patient clinical histories in the provision use of ROSE services. While the process has the potential of avoiding repeated procedures in screening, it consumes a lot of time. In this respect, patient clinical data gives the practitioners an ample time in the diagnosis. The histories also indicate to the pathologists, those samples with high risks and prompt them to rescreen them. Works Cited Baram, Daniel, Ruel B. Garcia, and Paul S. Richman. “Impact of rapid on-site cytologic evaluation during transbronchial needle aspiration.” CHEST Journal 128.2 (2005): 869-875. Print. Czerwińska-Pawluk, Iwona. Humanities Dimension of Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation, Nursing and Public Health. Radom: Radom University, 2011. Print. Eloubeidi, Mohamad A., et al. “Agreement between Rapid Onsite and Final Cytologic Interpretations Of EUS-Guided FNA Specimens: Implications for the Endosonographer and Patient Management. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 101.12 (2006): 2841-2847. Print. Fassina, A., et al. “Role and Accuracy of Rapid On‐Site Evaluation of CT‐Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Lung Nodules.” Cytopathology 22.5 (2011): 306-312. Print. Fischer, Andrew H., Cynthia C. 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R. “The Art and Science of Clinical Decision Making.” Fam Pract Manag 15.5 (2008): 31-36. Print. Read More