Definition Methods Of Data Collection And Analysis - Dissertation Example

Proposal Proposal S Study design The research will be an exploratory quantitative and qualitative research. The methodology will be a cross-sectional retrospective survey. This methodology is relevant to this study as it will help in gathering the data on voice recognition in reporting times and productivity in radiology department thus giving an answer to the research question. S.2. Overall study design and describe and defend methods of data collection and analysis Both exploratory quantitative and qualitative research design is appropriate in helping me uncover the impact of voice recognition on reporting times and productivity in the radiology department. The cross-sectional retrospective survey as the study methodology is sufficient to offer both qualitative and quantitative data for the analysis of the topic. The study will involve both secondary review and primary survey to gather the required data (Bergman, 2008). The secondary data collection method in this study is necessary to give us the current position about the earlier studies carried on the topic. The literature search will be conducted for relevant articles published between 2000 and 2014. The comparative studies that reported such outcomes as error rates, radiologist productivity, and departmental productivity will be selected. The retrieved studies will be examined for quality and risk of bias (Hammersley, 2012). On the other hand, the primary survey using semi-structured interview will help carry out a fresh study using the shortfalls in the literature review to help balance the weakness of the literature. The primary survey will be the focus on such workflows as filmless with speech recognition, filmless with manual transcription, the film with manual transcription, the film with speech recognition. This is also necessary as it will incorporate the development that have taken place in the execution of the previous studies so as to remain updated. Two survey will be submitted to the candidate sites. Here, the first survey will be used to determine the suitable available data for follow-up. The subsequent survey will request data for report turn-around times, report volume and full-time equivalent staffing levels (Bowling, 2009). Data will be gathered and stored in a Microsoft Access Database for the subsequent statistical analysis to be performed in Excel. The regression and correlation analytical tools will be used in analyzing the data gathered. These analytical tools are relevant to this study since from the correlation coefficients, I will able to show the degree of impacts and the regression will help me ascertain the direction of such impacts of voice recognition on reporting time and productivity in radiology department (Bowling, 2009). S.3. Location of the proposed research The study will use the radiology department in Security Forces Hospital in Saudi Arabia setting as the appropriate location for gathering data required institutions. Such a location is a convenience as the participants are always available and do need to walk to other location. In addition, the radiology department in Security Forces Hospital in Saudi Arabia locality is a public institution and hence offers security and safety of the participants and the researcher. Such an institution will thus help rich eliminate some of the potential risks that may affect the participants. Further, it is easier to recruits the participants from a radiology department in Security Forces Hospital in Saudi Arabia when carrying out a group study. In addition, the radiology department in Security Forces Hospital in Saudi Arabia has a range of participants with a number of features and, therefore, proper sampling techniques provides a non-biased sample that can be used to generalize the population characteristics. Therefore, I am confidence that an effective sample will be availed for the success of this study from such a setting. S.4. Description of the population, sample and likely participants The study will be conducted for the people of between 18 years and 30 years involving both males and females subjects. The actual number of the participants will be 1234. The study will include both males and female participant. The males will take a greater percentage (60%). Primarily, the primary study participants will be those workflows filmless with manual transcription, the film with manual transcription as well as filmless with speech recognition. The participants will be recruited based on willingness to participate in the study. Further, those participants who will not be able to make an independent decision will be excluded from the study despite the willingness. Further, the participants who might have had familiarity with the study or who had been participated in the previous studies will be excluded to avoid the presence of extraneous variables in the study. S.5. Participants Selection approached and recruited The abstracts that will be retrieved from the literatures search will be selected by two reviewers. Where disagreements will occur, there will another reviewer to help in determining whether the study meets the selection criteria. The inclusion criteria will be based on those studies conducted in a radiology department and focused on such criterion as comparative studies reporting on quantitative examination of productivity and those quantitative comparative studies analyzing error rates. The exclusion criterion for the secondary data will include descriptive or survey studies. The data extraction will be based on a pre-tested extraction form. Further, the reference list of all full-text articles will be reviewed to identify further potential relevant studies of the inclusion. The areas of conflicting will be solved through a building a consensus. For the primary survey participants will be identified by studying those who had encountered the impacts of voice recognition on reporting times and productivity. The participants that already had contacts with the researcher and would be willing to participate will be included in the recruitment process. However, there will be no any form of coercion in the recruitment process either the direct or indirect. Only the willing participants will be included, and those unwilling will be excluded in this study. The researcher will employ simple random sampling in selecting the participants. The primary quantitative study will have its participants included on the basis of random sampling while the qualitative data from the secondary review of the article will be driven by the purposive and convenience sampling techniques. The primary survey will have 1234 subjects while the number of articles to be reviewed will be 97 to aid in the secondary data collection. The quality and bias of the article or studies will be assessed through first grading the studies using the tool designed by Downs and Black. Such a tool will assess the methodological quality of randomized and non-randomized studies based a 27-item checklist with a highest score of 32 points. On the other hand, the level of evidence will be determined by applying Harris et al. (2006) scheme. Such a scheme will provide the hierarchy of quasi-experimental design from A to D where will depict the highest levels. S.6 Procedure for data Collection For the secondary data collection, the computer will be used in internet search and review of the previous studies on the topic. For the primary data collection, the semi-structured interview questions will help gather the information needed. Two surveys will be submitted to the participant’s sites. The researcher himself will read out the questions from the questionnaire to the subjects which will give their answer as the researcher films in the questionnaire. The researcher presence will save time and ensure that the degree of the fully completed questionnaire is increased. S.7. Risk to Participants and Solution The possible risks attached to the study would be distress or embarrassment by the interviewer or bullying and abuse. Also, the study poses such risk as psychological harm to the participants. For example, some participant already enrolled will feel shortchanged during the exclusion process based on the exclusion criteria that might not work to the expectation. However, the researcher will ensure that study is guided by the best survey practices by focusing on strategies that points towards risk minimization. This will be done by avoiding those individual interviews, questionnaire and focus groups that do not touch on sensitive topics to eliminate upsetting the subjects. Further, the possible harms to the participants will be communicated to them before being included in the survey and hence only including those consenting freely. S. 8. Potential risks to the interests of the researchers The researcher’s personal safety will be guaranteed by seeking the permission from the authority and if necessary issued with the badge or job card. Further, the researcher will carry out a feasibility study to familiarize himself with the site so that he does not look strange. The researcher will be keen never to disclose such personal data to the participants that may depict conflict of interest hence harboring risks. The researcher will be accompanied by authorities or an individual from the locality to reduce resistance by participants. S.9. Briefing and debriefing participants The briefing and debriefing of the participants will be aided by their information sheet. The researcher will read from the sheet and explain to the subjects the study purpose and the process and procedure of the study. The briefing will entail issuing out the participants sheets and allowing to ask questions. The debriefing will be conducted at the onset of any adverse risks to the participants. The information sheet is shown below: PARTICIPANT INFORMATION SHEET Project Title What is the impact of voice recognition on reporting times and productivity in radiology department in Security Forces Hospital in Saudi Arabia? Invitation You are being asked to take part in a research study on……. The aim of the study is to determine the impact of voice recognition on reporting times and productivity in radiology department in Security Forces Hospital in Saudi Arabia. The study will be supervised by the research board of my University and has been approved by the Psychology Research Ethics Committee of my University. What Will Happen The study will be conducted for the people of between 18 years and 30 years involving both males and females subjects. The actual number of the participants will be 1234. Specifically, the study will take place at Security Forces Hospital and will use the radiology department in Security Forces Hospital in Saudi Arabia setting as the appropriate location for gathering data required institutions. The participation in the study is voluntary and the participant’s confidentiality will be assured. Simple random sampling will be used to select the participants. Time Commitment A semi-structured questionnaire will be used to gather the information. However, each questionnaire should take at most 5 minutes to fill and to answer questions. Participants’ Rights The participants may decide to stop being a part of the research study at any time without explanation. The participants have the right to ask that any data they have supplied to that point be withdrawn/destroyed. In addition, the participant have the right to refuse to answer or to respond to any question that is asked. If a participants have any questions as a result of reading this information sheet, they should ask the researcher before the study begins. Benefits and Risks There are no known benefits or risks for the participants in this study. As mentioned above the study is purely voluntarily. Cost, Reimbursement and Compensation Your participation in this study is voluntary therefore there is no exact cost, compensation or reimbursement as a result of participation. Confidentiality/Anonymity The data collected do not contain any personal information about the participant except, name, sex, and email contact of the participants. No one will link the data provided to the identifying information supplied by the participants. For Further Information For any inquires, kindly contact the supervisor at…….In addition, if you are interested in the final results of study, kindly specify that on the questionnaire by leaving your contact address. S.10. - S.14. Informed consent The free consent of the participants will be honored in the study. Such is critical in ensuring and facilitating ethical study when dealing with human subjects. The NRES published guidelines would be a critical tool in dealing with those subjects that cannot give free and individual consent. The informed consent is attached below. INFORMED CONSENT FORM PROJECT TITLE What is the impact of voice recognition on reporting times and productivity in radiology department in Security Forces Hospital in Saudi Arabia? PROJECT SUMMARY Speech recognition is a concept that has been used since 1980s. In recent times, this concept have become sufficiently reliable to allow utilization in medical environment. This study focuses on the impact of voice recognition on reporting times and productivity in radiology department in Security Forces Hospital in Saudi Arabia. The study will be conducted for the people of between 18 years and 30 years involving both males and females subjects. The actual number of the participants will be 1234. Specifically, the study will take place at Security Forces Hospital and will use the radiology department in Security Forces Hospital in Saudi Arabia setting as the appropriate location for gathering data required institutions. By signing below, you are agreeing that: (1) you have read and understood the Participant Information Sheet above, (2) you are satisfied in regards questions about your participation in this study, (3) you are aware of the potential risks (if any), and (4) you are taking part in this research study voluntarily (without coercion). Participant’s Name (Printed) _________________________________ Participant’s signature Date _______________________________ _________________________________ Name of the researcher (Printed) Signature of researcher _________________________________ _________________________________ S.15. Strategies to ensure participants confidentiality and anonymity Maintaining confidentiality and anonymity is critical to any study as it creates confidence and opens up the participants to free facilitate and give detailed information (Szinovacz, 1983). The participant’s identity and other records about them will remain confidential and will not appear when we present this study or publish its results. Participants will receive a copy of the consent form. The data protection Act of 1988 will form the foundation for which promoting the confidentiality will be erected and hence no breaching of the provision of the Act. S.16. Arrangements for storing and disposal of data The data will be stored in secure cabinets and computers with password/s and will only be accessible to the investigators. Five years after completion of the study, the data will then be destroyed. Therefore, the researcher will be guided by the RCN (2009) provision for storage and destruction of data with respect to health and social settings. S.17. Consent for access and research permissions The researcher will seek the permission from the local authority and schools to obtain the data. 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