Mental Health Anxiety - Health Promotion Program - Research Paper Example

Program planning, research and evaluation due: Table of Contents Table of Contents Introduction 3 This paper will focus on a health promotion program plan; which will be addressing the case of mental health anxiety. The target population will be African American girls. The particular objective of this health promotion program will be to reduce the rate of anxiety among African American females between the ages of 12-18 years. The study area will be the City of Everett Public School System. 3 Anxiety is a mental disease that is experienced psychologically and comprises of feelings of terror, depersonalization, fear and emotional worries. In some circumstances, individuals experience compulsion-like ideas in regard to fear of death and well-being of others (Emilien, 2002). The disease shows various signs and symptoms that constitute hot flushes, breathlessness, restless legs, headaches, nausea, vertigo, abdominal pains, dry mouth, hyperventilation and palpitations. In a case, for example, students experience various anxieties resulting from their academic interactions (Cassady, 2010). In real sense, students’ assessment in particular areas of educational field results to the beginning of educational anxiety that hampers their potential to achieve success in a particular field. 3 Anxiety illness is partially passed on from parents. Several researches prove that high emotional, strung and nervous is experienced throughout a family. A perfect example is that sixty percent of children whose parents experience anxiety develop an inhibited temperament and fear (Coon, Mitterer, Talbot & Vanchella, 2010). These children have a character that is wary and irritable when young and when they become toddlers they are fearful and shy. When they enroll in the elementary they are often cautious and quiet and when they are adults they are at high possibility of anxiety difficulties for example panic attacks (p. 486). 3 Needs assessment and community diagnosis 4 This community needs the health promotion program because there is a possibility of anxiety illnesses in girls during adolescence. According to Weiner (2003), studies confirm that African American girls suffer from a higher number of anxieties (p. 40). An anxiety disorder is caused by integrating environmental and biological factors. Most families in Everett are poor which would then imply that their children can develop anxiety disorder resulting from state of poverty. 4 This health promotion program will be developed in conjunction with Everett Community Health Partnership (ECHP). The mission of ECHP is to enhance health and the standard of life of the community of Everett by generating chances for organizations, individuals and families to work together and strategically in solving essential difficulties in the community (Cambridge Health Alliance, 2014). 4 Basic community assessment 4 Community violence is a basic health care difficulty in Everett, MA Public School System. The research is important to establish the effect of the persistent community violence on their academic ability, substance use, behavioral and emotional factors. This is because the African American girls form an ethnic minority group that is prone to persistent community violence (Cooley-Strickland et al., 2009). 4 History and location of the community 4 The city of Everett is in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States close to Boston. At the time of United States community Census in 2011, the total population estimate of the city was 41,079. The Everett, MA Public School is located 100 Elm St, Everett, MA 02149 in the USA (Everett Public Schools, 2014). Everett plays the role of a gateway city to foreigners for a long time in its history. The Everett city is home to Revere Beach Parkway, which is one of the historic destinations in this county. Most of the children in Everett public school are offered free education and subsidized cost on lunch and consist of 79% of the total school population in 2013-1014. Everett school has more drop-out rates of 3.3% which exceeds the states rates of 2.2%, but perform well than the state in regard to in-school suspensions with 1.4% as compared to 2.2%. The Everett High School graduation rate is 86.5% which is in accordance with 85% state graduation rate (Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education, 2014). Hospitalization as a result of mental disorder is high in Everett in all age groups (Cambridge Health Alliance, 2014). 5 The economy of Everett is supported by various small businesses with less than ten workers. The businesses are the main source of labor in the city. The population is larger than the available employment opportunities so the locals are forced to engage in other ways of taking care of their families. People engage in community jobs such as retail and food services which normally offer low salaries. The low salaries force the citizens to secure several employments to meet their family needs. According to a report by Cambridge Health Alliance (2014), 10.7% of the total population in Everett lives below 100% poverty level, 12.9% between 100-200% poverty level and 76.4% above 200% poverty level (p. 26). 5 Community Demographics 5 In the past decade, the City of Everett and Everett public school have become more diverse with the African American population doubling between 2000 and 2011. Everett has a higher population of African American citizens who represent 6% of the population. According to the American community Survey Estimate (2011), the population of Everett presently is 41,079, which constitute 8% growth from the 2000 United States Census quantity (Cambridge Health Alliance, 2014). Everett is ranked fifth highly populated city in Massachusetts with a total number of 12,082 individuals per square mile. The biggest number of Everett citizens is between 45 and 64 years which represent (24.5%). The population has changed between 2000 and 2011 with the number of young children less than five years increasing from 5.9% to 6.7%. In addition, the population of adults has changed as well for individual aged 45 to 64 years increasing from 24.5% to 27.4%. On the other hand, the population of people above 65 years has reduced from 14.8% to 11.7% between 2000 and 2011. Everett has a youthful citizen population of an average year of 35.6 compared to 38.9 in MA that constitute 54.2%. In Everett women aged 20 to 29 years has twice birth rate compared to the state’s birth rate in the same age group. 6 6 The model explains that the recognition of harm ignites the ‘alarm system’ demand for cognitive, behavioral and psychological procedures that rotate to safeguard individuals from physical jeopardy and threat. The behavioral reaction is flight or fight to handle the threat and can also include other ways, for instance, shouting for help, negotiating to reduce the risk of harm and to take a protective posture. Another behavioral reaction in anxiety in view of danger is immobility which is evident in the form of feeling ‘woozy’ or faint and freezing. The model is founded on the data-processing point of view where the emotional distraction happens as a result of more or less operation of the cognitive system. Anxiety is viewed as a result of data-processing operation that sees a circumstance as threatening to the important attraction and welfare of a person (Clark & Beck, 2011). 14 b. Description of the specific program activities planned 14 The health promotion program will first carry out a thorough examination of the African American girls between 12-18 years in the City of Everett Public School System. The girls will then be separated and categorized into groups. The groups will utilize one specific treatment. The girls will then be evaluated on their progress and finally dissemination of the outcomes. 14 Identification of resources and constraints 14 The ethical resources that aid the health promotion program and assist it to progress are the experiential support references chosen from various researchers to assist in providing efficient treatments. Other resource materials that consist of manual and book to direct clinicians on the way the treatments will be implemented. The use of DVD will play an important role of assisting girls who may not understand the concept of the program (Jongsma & Bruce, 2010). The financial resources that are utilized by the health promotion program will be derived from pooling of money from the community, the leaders and business people in Everett City. The community is also useful in outlining the acceptable cultural behaviors that are applicable to the health promotion program. The health promotion program will work in collaboration with National Alliance for Mentally Ill (NAMI) that gives financial assistance to institutions dealing with psychiatric programs (National Alliance on Mental Illness, 2014).This enables the community to take part in the health promotion program and hence the community will trust and accept it (Minelli, Breckon & Breckon, 2009). 15 Limitations which may hinder the program 15 The obstacles that may hinder health promotion program include implementation of evidence-based treatment, resistance from the student to adhere to the set sessions of treatments. From the outlook of health care professionals, there is a challenge in the way care is provided, and this pose a challenge to adjust to the norms of the students. The resources available are not abundant for the running of the health promotion program till end (Gabbard, 2007). 15 Program evaluation 15 The health promotion program will be evaluated on its implementation. The implementation evaluations give data on the operations of the health promotion program. The other area of evaluation will be on the impact of the health promotion program. This is imperative because it forms the foundation for quality policy making and determines if the program has an impact on the target group. Another critical area of evaluation is on program efficiency which concentrate on the advantages of the health promotion program on the perspective of cost and financial welfare (Scaffa & Reitz, 2014). 16 Health Promotion Program implementation evaluation will be carried out using recognition of principle results, the organized practice of gathering information to advice the stakeholders on the effectiveness of the health promotion program in achieving results. The health promotion program will be conducted in accordance to the logic model. This implies that the health promotion program will be successful. In the evaluation of the health promotion program, impact meticulous techniques are used to assess the cause and effect associated with the accomplishment of the objectives and goals. Health promotion program covers the identified group to prove that it is successful. Health promotion program efficiency evaluation will be determined by using a technique that describes the convenience and expenses in the form of money. The health promotion program benefits are compared to the money spent to run it. If the health promotion program achieves its objectives and goals then it means that it is successful (Scaffa & Reitz, 2014). 16 Logic model diagram for the program 16 A logic model will be the device employed to plan and evaluate of the health promotion program. It exhibits the association of what is put into the program and the operations to outputs, short-term results, and long-term results. It will be a tabular summary of the theory of the health promotion program (Issel, 2009). 17 Conclusion 17 In conclusion, anxiety is a common illness among majority of individuals in the U.S. It is a general kind of psychiatric disruptions that comprise of different fears when severe results to anxiety illness. Early detection and treatment will help the patient to overcome the illness and regain their normal life. Various models and approaches are utilized to intervene the illness. 17 Appendix 1 17 Hypothetical Logic Model of Program for Reducing Anxiety in African American girls aged between 12-18 years 17 References 18 Introduction This paper will focus on a health promotion program plan; which will be addressing the case of mental health anxiety. The target population will be African American girls. The particular objective of this health promotion program will be to reduce the rate of anxiety among African American females between the ages of 12-18 years. The study area will be the City of Everett Public School System. Anxiety is a mental disease that is experienced psychologically and comprises of feelings of terror, depersonalization, fear and emotional worries. In some circumstances, individuals experience compulsion-like ideas in regard to fear of death and well-being of others (Emilien, 2002). The disease shows various signs and symptoms that constitute hot flushes, breathlessness, restless legs, headaches, nausea, vertigo, abdominal pains, dry mouth, hyperventilation and palpitations. In a case, for example, students experience various anxieties resulting from their academic interactions (Cassady, 2010). In real sense, students’ assessment in particular areas of educational field results to the beginning of educational anxiety that hampers their potential to achieve success in a particular field. Anxiety illness is partially passed on from parents. Several researches prove that high emotional, strung and nervous is experienced throughout a family. A perfect example is that sixty percent of children whose parents experience anxiety develop an inhibited temperament and fear (Coon, Mitterer, Talbot & Vanchella, 2010). These children have a character that is wary and irritable when young and when they become toddlers they are fearful and shy. When they enroll in the elementary they are often cautious and quiet and when they are adults they are at high possibility of anxiety difficulties for example panic attacks (p. 486). Needs assessment and community diagnosis This community needs the health promotion program because there is a possibility of anxiety illnesses in girls during adolescence. According to Weiner (2003), studies confirm that African American girls suffer from a higher number of anxieties (p. 40). An anxiety disorder is caused by integrating environmental and biological factors. Most families in Everett are poor which would then imply that their children can develop anxiety disorder resulting from state of poverty. This health promotion program will be developed in conjunction with Everett Community Health Partnership (ECHP). The mission of ECHP is to enhance health and the standard of life of the community of Everett by generating chances for organizations, individuals and families to work together and strategically in solving essential difficulties in the community (Cambridge Health Alliance, 2014). Basic community assessment Community violence is a basic health care difficulty in Everett, MA Public School System. The research is important to establish the effect of the persistent community violence on their academic ability, substance use, behavioral and emotional factors. This is because the African American girls form an ethnic minority group that is prone to persistent community violence (Cooley-Strickland et al., 2009). History and location of the community The city of Everett is in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States close to Boston. At the time of United States community Census in 2011, the total population estimate of the city was 41,079. The Everett, MA Public School is located 100 Elm St, Everett, MA 02149 in the USA (Everett Public Schools, 2014). Everett plays the role of a gateway city to foreigners for a long time in its history. The Everett city is home to Revere Beach Parkway, which is one of the historic destinations in this county. Most of the children in Everett public school are offered free education and subsidized cost on lunch and consist of 79% of the total school population in 2013-1014. Everett school has more drop-out rates of 3.3% which exceeds the states rates of 2.2%, but perform well than the state in regard to in-school suspensions with 1.4% as compared to 2.2%. The Everett High School graduation rate is 86.5% which is in accordance with 85% state graduation rate (Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education, 2014). Hospitalization as a result of mental disorder is high in Everett in all age groups (Cambridge Health Alliance, 2014). The economy of Everett is supported by various small businesses with less than ten workers. The businesses are the main source of labor in the city. The population is larger than the available employment opportunities so the locals are forced to engage in other ways of taking care of their families. People engage in community jobs such as retail and food services which normally offer low salaries. The low salaries force the citizens to secure several employments to meet their family needs. According to a report by Cambridge Health Alliance (2014), 10.7% of the total population in Everett lives below 100% poverty level, 12.9% between 100-200% poverty level and 76.4% above 200% poverty level (p. 26). Community Demographics In the past decade, the City of Everett and Everett public school have become more diverse with the African American population doubling between 2000 and 2011. Everett has a higher population of African American citizens who represent 6% of the population. According to the American community Survey Estimate (2011), the population of Everett presently is 41,079, which constitute 8% growth from the 2000 United States Census quantity (Cambridge Health Alliance, 2014). Everett is ranked fifth highly populated city in Massachusetts with a total number of 12,082 individuals per square mile. The biggest number of Everett citizens is between 45 and 64 years which represent (24.5%). The population has changed between 2000 and 2011 with the number of young children less than five years increasing from 5.9% to 6.7%. In addition, the population of adults has changed as well for individual aged 45 to 64 years increasing from 24.5% to 27.4%. On the other hand, the population of people above 65 years has reduced from 14.8% to 11.7% between 2000 and 2011. Everett has a youthful citizen population of an average year of 35.6 compared to 38.9 in MA that constitute 54.2%. In Everett women aged 20 to 29 years has twice birth rate compared to the state’s birth rate in the same age group. The total percent in 2013 of the African American public school enrollment is at 8.6% of the total school population. The student population movement in the Everett schools is influenced by changing global, state, local and national economics. According to Cambridge Health Alliance (2014), drug use and addiction is high in adolescents and is a national public health concern (p. 94). Many of the young girls suffering from anxiety are involved in marijuana, alcohol and other drugs which interfere with the brain growth. The other reason why the African American girls develop anxiety is that the girls are at puberty and most of them do not appreciate the way they look. Most of these girls are from unstable families that are broken and this causes anxiety (Hales, 2009). The African American girls also suffer from anxiety because of the ethnic background and misconceptions surrounding their race. They feel inferior to children from other races and therefore they are not confident (Ingram & Price, 2010). Infrastructure relevant to the health promotion program The facilities that are important for this program are Whidden Hospital Campus and Everett High School, other learning institutions and sports clubs and also the Healthy People 2020 Topics and Objectives (Cambridge Health Alliance, n.d). Community diagnosis i. A statement of the major health concern that will be addressed by the program The major health concern that is addressed by this program is mental illness in specific anxiety. ii. Data to support the diagnosis and the need for intervention Epidemiologic data is the information on the determinants and distribution of anxiety among the African American Girls in Everett, MA Public School System. It indicates the possibility of the illness to occur (Rothman, 2012). Anxiety is caused by factors such as alcohol, drug abuse, ethnicity, social status, puberty, family history of anxiety, and the environment (Ogden & Hagen, 2013). In Everett public school system, students report to engage in use of heroin, methamphetamines, cocaine, inhalants and ecstasy (Cambridge Health Alliance, Institute for Community Health, 2014). The total population of the school is 5,889 students in grades PK to grade 12. The African-American population is 8.6%, and, therefore, the total number of African American students is 8.6% x 5,889 that is equal to approximately 506 learners. According to Cambridge Health Alliance, Institute for Community Health (2014), high school girls percentage of alcohol use is 57.2, and middle school girls is 18.4% in 2013 (p.95). From our population, the African American girls involved in alcohol is 57.2% x 506 equal to 289 in high schools and 18.4% x 506 equal to 93 girls in middle school. The total number of girls is 289 add 93 which is equal to 382 students with a percentage of 75% of the African American students. This implies that the possibility of anxiety occurring in African American girls is 75% which implies that majority of the students suffer anxiety. Target population a. Specific target population for the program The specific population that is targeted for this program is African American girls aged 12 years and 18 years. The estimated number of eligible girls is 8.6% of 5,889 students that represents 506 students (Cambridge Health Alliance, Institute for Community Health, 2014). Stakeholders and partners In this particular program, the community and stakeholders will hold equal status of a partnership in this program (Kahan, Gielen, Fagan & Green, 2014). The health promotion program will use community-based interventions hence the primary stakeholders and partners are the management of Everett MA Public School System because the program will be based on the African American girls in the school. Everett, MA Public School System students are required because they form the study group. They are important in the carrying out of the health promotion program and its success. The Everett city community will help the health promotion program to bring out the environment in which the students live in. The community will also assist in knowing the cultural values and beliefs of Everett. The local hospital will help to determine the actual number of students who suffer from anxiety who have consulted their services, the treatment given and the outcomes. The local authorities will provide data to show the number of the girls involved in bad behavior as a result of the illness. Other health practitioners will assist with more evidence-based knowledge on how to manage anxiety. The professionals could also assist in counseling and guiding the girls. The stakeholders will take a role in the intervention process of influencing the behavior change in the African American girls. They will assist in describing the issue of anxiety and creation of the health promotion program framework to circulate the outcomes. In this health promotion program, the intervention will be to reduce or stop anxiety among the African American girls between the age bracket of 12 and 18 years. The broad involvement of the stakeholders will enrich the program with different views from a diverse group to create the intervention (Kahan, Gielen, Fagan & Green, 2014). The contracts made between the health promotion program, and the stakeholders will prove a long-term commitment of team members which will produce quality outcomes. This will guarantee that the health promotion program will continue for a long time and have time to evaluate the results. The human resource available in Everett is strengthened to enable the health promotion program to begin and run smoothly (Gofin, J., & Gofin, R., 2011). Health promotion Program goals and objectives The health promotion program will be addressing the mental health and mental disorders of the Healthy People 2020 topics and objectives. The intent will be to enhance the mental well-being of African American teenage girls by stopping the illness through availability of the correct, standard of mental health (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2014). The primary goal will be based on the premise that African American teenage girls encounter a lot of stress, social withdrawal and anxiety (Hecht, Jackson & Ribeau, 2003). The aim of the health promotion program is to cater for the African American girls aged 12-18 years. The other purpose will be to determine the specific factors that cause anxiety. This health promotion program will involve religion as it is proven that it helps in reducing anxiety in girls. The church is a cathartic retreat from subjection to stress-affiliated stimuli and racism (Hecht, Jackson & Ribeau, 2003). According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2014), mental diseases among the African American girls aged between 12-18 years they cause disability. The outcome of disability result to a lot of financial implications on families compared to other illnesses. The health promotion program will incorporate various treatment programs to promote mental well-being of the African American girls. To start with the health promotion program will utilize Adolescent Coping with Depression (CWD-A) treatment. In this treatment, cognitive behavioral and psycho-educational intervention method will be used for adolescent depression. The treatment schedule will be performed in a classroom setting to help minimize the stigma the participating students may experience. The therapy session will consist of sixteen two-hour meetings carried out in eight weeks (Ogden & Hagen, 2013). The other treatment that will be applicable in this program is Coping Cat Therapy (CAT). The treatment will be carried out in sixteen meetings and will be given in a group or personal environment. The first eight sessions will offer psycho-education where the girls will be taught how to identify things that cause anxiety, physical symptoms and cognitions. The remaining eight lessons will focus on behavioral and comprises of discovery methods where the girls will face their fears in a classified order (Ogden & Hagen, 2013). This health promotion program will also incorporate the Coping and Support Training (CAST) schedule that is normally aimed at middle and high school learners aged 12-18 years. This program will be created to minimize suicide risk, emotional distress and depression. The CAST looks for and recognizes young people living with various risks for, and have less access to protective elements against suicide, depression and will be executed in small groups. Individual groups comprise of six to eight girls, and the meeting will be held twice a week for a period of six weeks (Ogden & Hagen, 2013). This health promotion program will enhance personal control, decision making, plan for getting support and help and concentrate on the development of dignity (Ogden & Hagen, 2013). According to Mental Health America, many African Americans are excluded from health, economic, educational and social resources. This means that most of the African Americans do not seek medical help in fear of being rejected (para 4). All this incorporated together can ensure access of mental care to the marginalized group. Development of at least one primary goal and two clear, measurable objectives The principal goal of this health promotion program will be to reduce or eliminate anxiety among the African American girls in Everett, MA Public School System. The measurable objective will be to assist in knowing if the program has achieved its goal, or there is a need to continue with it (Kirst-Ashman & Hull, 2014). The first objective will be to enroll all the African American girls in the program. The second objective will be to single out the affected girls from the total population. Methods and activities a. Discussion of the theory or model This health promotion program will be guided by the cognitive model of anxiety. The model view anxiety from the point of vulnerability. Vulnerability is considered as the individual’s awareness of herself as prone to external and internal jeopardies, in which she is not in control or is not enough to provide her the feeling of safety. The model describes the principal appraisal of threat that includes an inaccurate view, where the possibility that trauma will happen and the recognized severe condition of the trauma is estimated more than it is. In this concept, people with a lot of fear have a possibility of overestimating the magnitude of harm that result to withdrawn behavior. Moreover, people who are anxious fail to see the precaution factors of the evaluated harm (Clark & Beck, 2011). The secondary elaborative reappraisal happens as a consequence of the principal appraisal of threat and in the condition of anxiety it accelerates the original recognition of harm. Therefore, the strength of anxiety condition is influenced by the equilibrium of the principal examination of harm and the secondary assessment of coping capability and well-being (Clark & Beck, 2011). The strength of anxiety is communicated as follows: The model explains that the recognition of harm ignites the ‘alarm system’ demand for cognitive, behavioral and psychological procedures that rotate to safeguard individuals from physical jeopardy and threat. The behavioral reaction is flight or fight to handle the threat and can also include other ways, for instance, shouting for help, negotiating to reduce the risk of harm and to take a protective posture. Another behavioral reaction in anxiety in view of danger is immobility which is evident in the form of feeling ‘woozy’ or faint and freezing. The model is founded on the data-processing point of view where the emotional distraction happens as a result of more or less operation of the cognitive system. Anxiety is viewed as a result of data-processing operation that sees a circumstance as threatening to the important attraction and welfare of a person (Clark & Beck, 2011). b. Description of the specific program activities planned The health promotion program will first carry out a thorough examination of the African American girls between 12-18 years in the City of Everett Public School System. The girls will then be separated and categorized into groups. The groups will utilize one specific treatment. The girls will then be evaluated on their progress and finally dissemination of the outcomes. Identification of resources and constraints The ethical resources that aid the health promotion program and assist it to progress are the experiential support references chosen from various researchers to assist in providing efficient treatments. Other resource materials that consist of manual and book to direct clinicians on the way the treatments will be implemented. The use of DVD will play an important role of assisting girls who may not understand the concept of the program (Jongsma & Bruce, 2010). The financial resources that are utilized by the health promotion program will be derived from pooling of money from the community, the leaders and business people in Everett City. The community is also useful in outlining the acceptable cultural behaviors that are applicable to the health promotion program. The health promotion program will work in collaboration with National Alliance for Mentally Ill (NAMI) that gives financial assistance to institutions dealing with psychiatric programs (National Alliance on Mental Illness, 2014).This enables the community to take part in the health promotion program and hence the community will trust and accept it (Minelli, Breckon & Breckon, 2009). Limitations which may hinder the program The obstacles that may hinder health promotion program include implementation of evidence-based treatment, resistance from the student to adhere to the set sessions of treatments. From the outlook of health care professionals, there is a challenge in the way care is provided, and this pose a challenge to adjust to the norms of the students. The resources available are not abundant for the running of the health promotion program till end (Gabbard, 2007). Program evaluation The health promotion program will be evaluated on its implementation. The implementation evaluations give data on the operations of the health promotion program. The other area of evaluation will be on the impact of the health promotion program. This is imperative because it forms the foundation for quality policy making and determines if the program has an impact on the target group. Another critical area of evaluation is on program efficiency which concentrate on the advantages of the health promotion program on the perspective of cost and financial welfare (Scaffa & Reitz, 2014). Health Promotion Program implementation evaluation will be carried out using recognition of principle results, the organized practice of gathering information to advice the stakeholders on the effectiveness of the health promotion program in achieving results. The health promotion program will be conducted in accordance to the logic model. This implies that the health promotion program will be successful. In the evaluation of the health promotion program, impact meticulous techniques are used to assess the cause and effect associated with the accomplishment of the objectives and goals. Health promotion program covers the identified group to prove that it is successful. Health promotion program efficiency evaluation will be determined by using a technique that describes the convenience and expenses in the form of money. The health promotion program benefits are compared to the money spent to run it. If the health promotion program achieves its objectives and goals then it means that it is successful (Scaffa & Reitz, 2014). Logic model diagram for the program A logic model will be the device employed to plan and evaluate of the health promotion program. It exhibits the association of what is put into the program and the operations to outputs, short-term results, and long-term results. It will be a tabular summary of the theory of the health promotion program (Issel, 2009). Conclusion In conclusion, anxiety is a common illness among majority of individuals in the U.S. It is a general kind of psychiatric disruptions that comprise of different fears when severe results to anxiety illness. Early detection and treatment will help the patient to overcome the illness and regain their normal life. Various models and approaches are utilized to intervene the illness. Appendix 1 Hypothetical Logic Model of Program for Reducing Anxiety in African American girls aged between 12-18 years Assumptions Inputs Activities Out puts Short-term results Long-term results Mental illness is a serious disease that affects mostly the African American girls aged between 12-18 years. Program professionals: psychiatrists, physician and registered nurses Create a timetable and establish the information system to be used. The quantity of training equipment, guidebooks and trained staff. More information on anxiety and the signs of the illness. The total number of girls who have overcome anxiety and got their lives back. The African American teenagers have access to treatment on anxiety The program will run for two years and the participants will be followed up to check on their progress. Offer training to the staff involved in the program. Design the program contracts and guidebook. Number of African American girls who exhibited symptoms of anxiety and were put on therapy. The number of girls who are able to manage anxiety. References Clark, D. A., & Beck, A. T. (2011). Cognitive therapy of anxiety disorders: Science and practice. New York: Guilford Press. Cassady, J. C. (2010). Anxiety in schools: The causes, consequences, and solutions for academic anxieties. New York: Peter Lang. Coon, D., Mitterer, J. O., Talbot, S., & Vanchella, C. M. (2010). Introduction to psychology: Gateways to mind and behavior. Belmont, Calif: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Cambridge Health Alliance, Institute for Community Health. (2014). Everett Community Health Partnership. Retrieved November 12, 2014, from http://www.challiance.org/Resource.ashx?sn=Everett_Wellbeing_Report_2014 Cambridge Health Alliance. (n.d.). CAMBRIDGE HEALTH ALLIANCE. Retrieved November 20, 2014, from http://www.challiance.org/Locations/WhiddenHospitalCampus.aspx Cooley-Strickland, M., Quille, T., Griffin, R., Stuart, E., Bradshaw, C., & Furr-Holden, D. (2009, May 27). Abstract. Retrieved November 14, 2014, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2700237/ Emilien, G. (2002). Anxiety disorders: Pathophysiology and pharmacological treatment. Boston: Birkhauser Verlag. Everett Public Schools. (2014). Everett High School Dramatic Society strikes the funny bone! . Retrieved November 20, 2014, from http://www.everett.k12.ma.us/ Gabbard, G. O. (2007). Gabbards treatments of psychiatric disorders. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Pub. Gofin, J., & Gofin, R. (2011). Essentials of global community health. Sudbury, Mass: Jones & Bartlett Learning. Hecht, M. L., Jackson, R. L., & Ribeau, S. A. (2003). African American communication: Exploring identity and culture. Routledge. Hales, D. R. (2009). An invitation to health. Australia: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Issel, L. M. (2009). Health program planning and evaluation: A practical and systematic approach for community health. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Ingram, R. E., & Price, J. M. (2010). Vulnerability to psychopathology: Risk across the lifespan. New York: Guilford Press. Jongsma, A. E., & Bruce, T. J. (2010). Evidence-based treatment planning for social anxiety workbook. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley. Kahan, S., Gielen, A. C., Fagan, P. J., & Green, L. W. (Eds.). (2014). Health Behavior Change in Populations. JHU Press. Kirst-Ashman, K., & Hull, G. (2014). Brooks/Cole Empowerment Series: Understanding Generalist Practice. Cengage Learning. Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education. (2014). Massachusetts School and District Profiles. Retrieved November 20, 2014, from http://profiles.doe.mass.edu/profiles/student.aspx?orgcode=00930000&orgtypecode=5& Minelli, M. J., Breckon, D. J., & Breckon, D. J. (2009). Community health education: Settings, roles, and skills. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Mental Health America. (n.d.). African American Communities and Mental Health. Retrieved November 15, 2014, from http://www.mentalhealthamerica.net/african-american-mental-health National Alliance on Mental Illness. (2014). NAMI - The National Alliance on Mental Illness. Retrieved November 15, 2014, from http://www.nami.org/template.cfm?section=About_NAMI Ogden, T., & Hagen, K. A. (2013). Adolescent Mental Health: Prevention and Intervention. Routledge. Rothman, K. J. (2012). Epidemiology: An introduction. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Scaffa, M. E., & Reitz, S. M. (2013). Occupational Therapy Community-Based Practice Settings. FA Davis.U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2014). Mental Health and Mental Disorders. Retrieved November 14, 2014, from http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/mental-health-and-mental-disorders Weiner, I. B. (2003). Handbook of psychology: 8. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Dear writer I am sending the paper back this time for a better revision. I just wanted to remind you that this paper is worth 40% of my final grades, which is a big count. I would really appreciate if you could put some time to it in order to deliver a good quality paper. As a I go through the paper I have noticed quiet some stuffs that needs a good revision. Here are some details on what I would like you to take into account while revising the paper. 1. First of all it’s a research paper it has to be written in active voice, and I’ve noticed you used passive voice a lot. 2. Secondly, you used the word ‘this program’, but you didn’t give it a name. 3. Thirdly, I didn’t see any connection between why these girls are at risk for anxiety, and being African American. You talk more about using drug, poverty. 4. Lastly the biggest piece for this paper is the Goal Objective and Activities, which need to meet the program goals and they have to be specific to the groups you are working on. 5. I think for the goals and objectives you should give more details. 6. What is the purpose of the program? Is it maybe to help the African American girls being under served. 7. Under intervention you mentioned that anxiety is caused by alcohol and drug abuse. Are these the only reasons? I would really appreciate that you revise the paper very well and fix or change what needs to. Thank you Best, ​ Read More