Urinary Calculi - Case Study Example

Urinary Calculi Introduction Urinary calculi are solid particles found in the urinary system. They form from super saturation of the urine with salt and minerals such as uric acid, cystine, and ammonium magnesium phosphate. The stones lead to pain, nausea, vomiting, hematuris, and may result to chills and fever as secondary infections (Stoller, 2007). Possible Causes Urinary Calculi do have a definite cause. However, dehydration is a possible risk factor for the condition (Rané & Dasgupta, 2013).

General body dehydration shifts the body‘s state of salt water balance to the salt super saturation state. An imbalance in an individual’s metabolism is another causative factor of Urinary calculi. The imbalance leads to abnormally high levels of mineral salts agglomerating in the urine. Stones with uric acid composition occur in people having diseases such as gout, chronic dehydration and some cancers (Hesse, 2009). The third causative factor is hyperparathyroidism, a disorder affecting parathyroid glands making it overactive thus resulting to the production of excess parathyroid hormone.

Other causative factors are type specific. Calcium stones result when there is too much calcium in the urine (Rao, Preminger & Kavanagh, 2009). Uric acid stones occur whenever there is a high amount of acid in the urine. Diet is also usable in analyzing the composition of a patient’s calculi. Patients taking little amount of water have a high tendency of experiencing dehydration. Dehydration is a causative factor leading urinary calculi. The state leads to dominance of the mineral salts resulting to the condition.

An individual’s diet determines the contents of his or her calculi. An excess of calcium in the diet results in calcium stones.Test ResultsThe test shows high white blood cells, an indication of infection.Test on calcium shows high calcium phosphate levels in the blood.A CT scan reveals the presence of stones in the urinary blood.X rays reveal the calcium stones through their white color (Stoller, 2007).Best TreatmentRecommended treatment for Urinary Calculi is the use of calculus dissolution (Seidman, Jones, Sosa & Rodman, 2013).

Prevention of Recurrence Post TreatmentThe patient should avoid plenty of proteins in the diet (Seidman et al., 2013).ReferencesHesse, A. (2009). Urinary stones: Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of recurrence. Basel: Karger.Rané, A., & Dasgupta, R. (2013). Urinary tract infection: Clinical perspectives on urinary tract infection. London: Springer.Rao, P. N., Preminger, G. M., & Kavanagh, J. P. (2011). Urinary tract stone disease. London: Springer.Seidman, C., Jones, R., Sosa, R. E., & Rodman, J. S. (2013).

No more kidney stones: The experts tell you all you need to know about prevention and treatment. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley.Stoller, M. L. (2007). Urinary stone disease: The practical guide to medical and surgical management. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press.