The Emergency Evacuation and Quarantine Program - Assignment Example

The Emergency Evacuation and Quarantine Program The objective is to develop a memo for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) relating to parents forever program model for reducing non-communicable diseases along with emergency evacuation program during disaster. It has been identified that the CDC with the evaluation of the programs has ascertained the importance of implementing these programs in the US and in different nations including Brazil, Thailand, China, Jordan and Tanzania among others with the objective of minimizing the prevalence of non-communicable diseases and effect of disastrous incidents. Additionally, the CDC with the implementation of the programs has planned to reduce the prevalence of chronic diseases and challenges associated with them. In this respect, it can be comprehended based on the evaluation that the CDC with the assistance of the programs will be facilitated in providing better health security. Section 1: Program Memo The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the national public health institute, which operates in the United States of America (US). The organization was founded in the year 1946 with the aim of developing a better healthy society. Over the last sixty years, the organization has contributed enormous amount of effort to cure various catastrophic issues. In order to attain the objectives, the organization has performed its operations with the help of political council, government, business enterprises and non-governmental organizations in the US. The primary goals and objectives of the CDC are to improve the health of the people of the US through preventing as well as controlling the threats of catastrophic issues. Apart from this, the secondary objective is to improve the health measures through promoting health education activities (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d.). The objective of the quarantine program of the CDC has been to eliminate the ill effects disaster. Thus, the CDC has targeted to improve the impact and the effectiveness of its emergency disaster operations along with preventing the non-communicable diseases in the US and certain other nations. Additionally, the CDC’s intention is to reduce the spread of infectious diseases for better protection of public health as well as safety. At the same time, the CDC has planned to assist other nations along with international agencies with different health measures to minimize the effects of the non-communicable diseases with the assistance of disease prevention and control programs for better health security. In this respect, the CDC with the implementation of different health measures and quarantine programs has planned to minimize ill-effects related to infectious and non-infectious diseases. Consequently, the number of participants in the emergency evacuation program includes government authorities and non-governmental organizations. Meanwhile, in the parents forever program model, the participants include government healthcare authorities and concerned local authorities in the different foreign nations such as Brazil, China, Jordan and Tanzania among others (Wayne, 2009). The CDC has also aligned with National Institutes of Health (NIH) in order to reduce the effect of non-communicable diseases in several nations such as Brazil, China, Thailand, Tanzania and Jordan among others (Newton, 2013). The CDC has specifically focused to deal with non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular ailments, cancer and diabetes among others. In order to attain the desired objective, the organization has segmented its responsibilities in terms of immediate, intermediate, long-term and ultimate goals. The organization has introduced ‘Parents Forever Program Model’ with the intention of assessing as well as implementing effective measures in order to reduce the rate of people suffering from non-communicable diseases (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009; Regis, 2010). In the US, there are plenty of occasions where disaster incidents have adversely affected the people and society as a whole. In this context, evacuation is the only most effective and protective action of safeguarding people from the threats of environment or disasters such as volcanic, hurricanes, floods, landslides and tsunami among others. In such instances, CDC evacuation program plays an important role in the rescue operation in order to evacuate innocent citizens from the disastrous atmosphere (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2005). US citizens rescued from such environment disaster are identified to be infected with several critical diseases, which eventually cost life and health due to a lack of treatment and prevention facilities. During the year 2004, in Florida, there had been a tragic natural disaster incident by a hurricane. In this incident, the evacuation process had not been executed properly due to a lack of preparation of the US government and other related organizations. Accordingly, Florida had witnessed a loss of massive number of innocent human life due to the incident (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). Thus, in order to address evacuation difficulties, the CDC has developed an evacuation and quarantine program through which it can evacuate innocent American citizens from disaster circumstances. Additionally, the organization has also implemented ‘parents forever program model’ with the aim of mitigating healthcare issues related to non-communicable diseases that include cardiovascular ailments, cancer and diabetes. The organization has also planned to implement the program in different nations for providing superior healthcare provisions and measures for reducing the number of people suffering from chronic diseases (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2005). In this regard, in order to have a better understanding of the effectiveness of the programs that will be implemented by the CDC a hypothesis is drawn. The hypothesis is provided hereunder. Null hypothesis (Ho): The CDC with the implementation of evacuation or quarantine program and parents forever program model will be effective in improving health security Alternate hypothesis (H1): The CDC with the implementation of evacuation or quarantine program and parents forever program model will be ineffective in improving health security In order to evaluate the parents forever program model, the CDC has relied on several researched literature materials with the aim of making the program more effective and successful (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009). On the other hand, in case of emergency evacuation program, the CDC ensures that medicine, food and cloths among other essential materials are abundant for the evacuation program (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2005). According to the observation, it has been identified that several charitable organizations, political council, government and larger business enterprises have participated to support the CDC in order to meet its objectives significantly. Section 2: Description of the Evaluation The Purposes of the Evaluation The evaluation process will assist in determining the probability and the effectiveness of the CDC programs. Apart from this, the evaluation process will also help to determine the reason for the execution and implementation of the programs (Mate et al., 2013). The proposed research aims at evaluating and reviewing the emergency evacuation and quarantine program in the case of disastrous conditions in the US. Besides, it will also determine the efforts of rescuing innocent human from disastrous risk factors. Moreover, it will also define how the CDC benefitted the US citizens through the implementation of the prevention program (Roshan & Deeptee, 2009). The parents’ forever program model will be evaluated on the extent to which the CDC has been able to step up to provide voluntarily training services for minimizing non-communicable diseases. Moreover, the evaluation process will also aid in identifying the target area where the CDC would focus on with utmost importance. Moreover, through the conduction of the evaluation process, it will be possible to identify how CDC has involved in this training program and how the parents’ forever program model has left its impact towards the development of a healthy society with minimized rate of people suffering from chronic diseases. Furthermore, literature review will be conducted in order to understand to what extent CDC has accomplished success in the implementation of healthcare programs (Roshan & Deeptee, 2009). The Evaluation Design The intended evaluation will be done with the help of both qualitative and quantitative studies. Quantitative and qualitative analysis are complementary to each other and it will also help to evaluate the involvement, effectiveness and impact of the CDC programs. The main aim of the evaluating design is to identify whether the CDC programs have been able to reach the target segments or not (Mate et al., 2013). Therefore, both qualitative and quantitative studies will be taken into the consideration equally. It can be asserted that qualitative research specially relies on literature review process. On the contrary, quantitative method relies on collection of data. Thus, in order to collect data and analyze those data, it is required to apply primary and secondary sources such as peer-reviewed journals, articles, magazines, newspaper and books among others. Besides, CDC’s online website along with other relevant survey reports will be used, which have been published in the US regarding evacuation and non-communicable diseases. The evaluation design will be based on a systematic procedure comprising different phases that include CDC program objectives, research of secondary data, research design, data collection, data analysis and findings. In this respect, the execution of the evaluation plan will ascertain that the CDC program is conducted in an effective and enhanced manner. The aforementioned phases are required to be followed with the aim of ascertaining that CDC program is implemented effectively (Roshan & Deeptee, 2009). The Outcome Measures In order to measure the outcomes of the evaluation design, it is required to identify the opportunities of improvement. For instance, the case of the CDC emergency evacuation program will assist in identifying how CDC through its evacuation approach during the natural disaster reduces the mortality ratio by rescue measures and provide support through proper food and medication (Beane et al., 2013). In the case of parents forever program model, the CDC will diminish the effect of non-communicable diseases. It can be done through analyzing several records over the few years. Thus, in order to evaluate the success of the programs, it is required to identify the number of people suffering from non-communicable diseases. In this regard, the analyses of reports signified that the programs on successful implementation will assist in reducing the count of diabetes cases by 20% and additionally, the number of people suffering from chronic cardiovascular diseases will reduce by 50% (Mate et al., 2013). Moreover, it can be asserted that during the outcome measurement, tabular format and graphical representation can be used for better understanding (Roshan & Deeptee, 2009). The Instruments Used In order to evaluate the CDC programs impact, importance and effectiveness, several instruments will be required for better understanding. Specifically, for emergency evacuation process, it will be highly essential to use tools in order to evaluate the performance of the CDC. On the other hand, in the case of Parents Forever Program Model’ necessary checklist and observation logs will be used in order to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of the program. The most effective instruments used for the CDC programs will be survey and questionnaire. Moreover, patients encounter tracking tools will also be vital in assessing the outcomes of the survey. In this respect, the evaluation of the programs with the assistance of the instruments will assist in implementing them systematically (Roshan & Deeptee, 2009). The Data Collection Procedures The study of the annual report of the CDC will be an effective medium of collecting data. Apart from this, it can be also conducted through the study of governmental reports of several countries, where the CDC provides ‘Parents Forever Program Model’ (Beane et al., 2013). In this context, the analysis of the appropriate collected data will ensure in having a better understanding of the implication of the CDC program. The collected data will also help in identifying the needs for changes or improvements required for effective performance of the CDC program. Furthermore, it will be also collect data from the reliable sources such as news websites and voluntary magazines in case of the CDC’s emergency evacuation program (Roshan & Deeptee, 2009). Thus, it can be asserted that the CDC program i.e. ‘Parents Forever Program Model’ is required to be implemented on the basis of certain strategies which include appropriate research design and evaluation plan for the success of the same. Implementation Measures In the implementation procedure, it will be required to identify the actual performance and the impact of the CDC during the emergency evacuation program and ‘Parents Forever Program Model’. The program is required to be implemented in a systematic manner with the aim of ensuring that the CDC program is conducted successfully. Additionally, there is also a need to compare the actual performance with the expected performance, so that the programs are implemented with better effectiveness (Roshan & Deeptee, 2009). Section 3: Cost-Benefit Analysis Method Used To Calculate Costs and Effects/Benefits Cost and benefit analysis is the most essential factor for evaluating the productivity of an operation and it also helps an organization to determine whether any changes is required to be implemented or not through efficient decision making. Thus, cost benefit analysis has been used by several organizations widely as an effective tool of decision-making (Dreze & Stern, 1987; Akeso Care Management, 2014). In case of emergency evacuation or quarantine program, capital should be arranged from several business firms and government. Apart from this, it will be also required to associate the program with more number of voluntary organizations in order to enhance the capability of the CDC in terms of financing. In this context, different voluntary organizations will be provided with adequate information relating to the benefits of the CDC programs through the outcomes generated from the survey of primary and secondary data. Thus, it can be apparently asserted that cash flow analysis can help the CDC to estimate the cost and benefit involved during the implementation of parent training program as well as emergency evacuation program (Akeso Care Management, 2014). Costs and Outcomes Defined In order to define the costs that will be associated with the CDC programs, it will be essential to identify the seriousness of the issues. For instance, incidents relating to tornado or tsunami evacuation purpose will be required to be supported with more funds as compared to earthquake or flood. Similarly, in the case of ‘Parents Forever Program Model’ cost will be associated with assessment, evaluation and implementation processes of countries that include Brazil, China, Thailand, Tanzania and Jordan relating to non-communicable diseases. Outcome of a particular program will be defined through the analyses of the involvement of CDC in the implementation process of the programs (Sorensen & Vogt, 2006). Costs Associated With the Programs In the case of emergency evacuation program, it will be required to allocate cost during the initial strategic decision making stage. It has been observed that in order to attain the objective of evacuating human kind from disaster circumstances, it requires to follow certain procedures and make necessary arrangements relating to medication and food. In this context, the CDC will need to distribute its start-up cost for medication purpose and arrange operating cost for food supply initiative after the evacuation procedure. Similarly, for executing ‘Parents Forever Program Model’, the CDC will be required to contribute adequate amount of money for arranging the program significantly in the different regions with high prevalence of non-communicable diseases (Giaccone, 2008). Concerning hidden costs, it can be stated that there were no such factors involved. Benefits Associated With the Program and Measurement of its Effectiveness The CDC has planned to implement ‘Parents Forever Program Model’ in order to create a better awareness amid people of different nations about the challenges related to non-communicable diseases. Additionally, the program will assist in determining the causative agents of non-communicable diseases and accordingly, appropriate measures will be adopted to minimize the prevalence of the diseases. On the other hand, the emergency evacuation program will reduce the mortality rate of human kind during disaster circumstances. Moreover, this evacuation approach will help to reduce infection and tragic disease issues (Wayne, 2009; Occupational Safety & Health Administration, 2014). The effectiveness of the CDC programs will be measured through the information obtained and analyzed from governments’ reports and statistics that are obtained by the CDC. In addition, the effectiveness of the program will be measured on the ground of assistance offered during evacuation programs and the rate of prevalence of non-communicable diseases. In terms of unexpected benefits, it can be said that CDC can gain global recognition and popularity as a frontrunner in healthcare and disease prevention related activities (Occupational Safety & Health Administration, 2014). Conclusion and Recommendations From the above evaluation, it can be asserted that the CDC programs are effective measures of providing better health provisions and assistance to the people of the US and other countries to reduce mortality rate as well as prevalence of non-communicable diseases. Conclusively, it can be recognized that the evaluation of the CDC programs will assist in having an immense understanding about the importance of the programs in the field of health security. The evacuation program and the parents’ forever program model will assist the CDC in accomplishing its desired objectives of healthy society successfully on a global context. The evaluation process can significantly assist in critically identifying the weaknesses of the programs, so that the programs can be implemented with better effectiveness. Regarding validity and reliability of the evaluation measures, it has been ensured by obtaining information and data from reliable secondary sources. In this regard, it can be further recommended that the CDC should implement the evacuation program and the parents forever program model with an alignment with other charitable organizations, so that the programs are evaluated as well as implemented effectively in different nations having high prevalence of disaster and non-communicable diseases. Additionally, the CDC is required to develop an appropriate budget considerations based on which the programs will be implemented with the aim of ensuring that they are implemented within determined budget and time frame. In terms of a new hypothesis or predictions, the main consideration can be whether the implemented programs have been successful in enhancing the global recognition of the CDC or not. The programs are also required to be evaluated in future on a timely basis in order to ascertain their effectiveness and ensure that better preventive measures are undertaken in accordance with prevalence (Occupational Safety & Health Administration, 2014; Roshan & Deeptee, 2009) References Akeso Care Management. (2014). Emergency medical evacuation. Retrieved from http://www.akesocare.com/services/emergency-medical-evacuation.aspx Beane, C. R., Hobbs, S., & Thirumurthy, H. (2013). Exploring the potential for using results-based financing to address non-communicable diseases in low and middle-income countries. BMC Public Health, 13(1), 1-9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Centers for disease control and prevention (c). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/maso/pdf/cdcmiss.pdf Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2005). Radiation Emergencies. Retrieved from http://www.ametsoc.org/stationscientist/documents/radiation-evacuation.pdf Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2009). Parent training programs: insight for practitioners. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/parent_training_brief-a.pdf Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014). Emergency preparedness and response. Retrieved from http://emergency.cdc.gov/disasters/earthquakes/index.asp Dreze, J., & Stern, N. (1987). The theory of cost-benefit analysis. Personal, 910-987. Giaccone, G. D. (2008). An evaluation of the evacuation challenges faced by the city of Delray Beach. Delray Beach Evacuation, 1-39. Mate, K. S., Hlolisile, N. W., Reddy, J., Mphatswe, W., Rollins, N., & Barker, P. (2013). A case report of evaluating a large-scale health systems improvement project in an uncontrolled setting: a quality improvement initiative in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. BMJ Quality & Safety, 22(11), 845- 891. Newton, D. (2013). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Gale: Cengage Learning. Occupational Safety & Health Administration. (2014). How to plan for workplace emergencies and evacuations. Retrieved from https://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3088.html Roshan, B., & Deeptee, P. R., (2009). Justifications for qualitative research in organizations: a step forward. The Journal of Online Education, 1-7. Regis, E. (2010). Virus ground zero. London: Oxford University Press. Sorensen, J., & Vogt, B. (2006). Interactive emergency evacuation guidebook. Retrieved from http://orise.orau.gov/csepp/documents/planning/evacuation-guidebook/index.htm Wayne, E. (2009). Sentinel for health: a history of the centers for disease. Chicago: Chicago University Press. Read More