The Different Concepts of Change - Assignment Example

Population Theories – Case Population Theories – Case The article addresses the different concepts of changes and effects of such population changes. However, the main concern of the articles is different theories that have since the early 20th centuries have been used to describe population or demographic changes and effects of such changes and possible of handling situation that might have been considered negative understanding of population changes. Despite the different contributing factors to demographic changes, accurate and effective demographic data of a nation or a region is usually vital for effective decision making (Charbit, 2009). According to the article, most sociologists and demographers usually ignore the health records or data, but according to them, such data are usually important (Caldwell and Caldwell, 2006). Nonetheless, population changes and trend are usually affected by political, social, and economic ideologies and different countries usually experience different population changes and trend. The module presents different demographic doctrines and theories that explain two main levels of population theories. The primary concepts floated by these doctrines and theories is that they have biometric and mathematical reflection on changes that take place in biological components of population including fertility, mortality, and distribution that is usually defined by age and sex (Caldwell and Caldwell, 2006). The first doctrine; the Malthusian doctrine, was developed by Thomas Robert Malthus and was later advanced by Marxist perspective. According to the doctrine, rapid population growth is a common element among poor people who used to take children as source of their wealth (Charbit, 2009). Notably, this notion is usually predominant in developing nation. On the other hand, developed nations usually use different strategies to negate this notion thereby defining the changes in population growth rate in the developed nations. Additionally, the Malthu’s concepts also incorporated calculations population changes on the food supply. The concept is optimistic that the high the population the higher the social skill skin since people will tend to specialize and work hard to make a living on the constrained resources. However, with education and empowerment, social understandings have since changes and the number of children never reflect on social scale since in the developed nations wealth flow from parents to children; thus, people may tend to have few or no children and in this case having children is just a means of continuity (Caldwell and Caldwell, 2006). Therefore, this concept can be used perfectly to explain the changes in birth rates in developed nation like what Germany is experiencing. However, according to Dumont noted that the social mobility can be a sure means of stimulating such declined or deteriorated birth rates. The article also addressed the demographic transition theory and analyses the same concept from the 1920’s demographic changes within advanced nations. During this period most of the advanced nations including Germany experienced transitions in their birth and death rates that were described by changes from high birth and death rates to subsequently low rates (Sharma, 1996). Nonetheless, the demographic transition theory classing demographic into regions or groups including Groups A, B, and D. the group A countries that perfectly define Germany were in the early 19th century defined with change in the demographic changes; from high natural increment rates to low natural increment rates. It theory noted that such nation would have at a point had a constant population thereafter a decline. Notably, this was the nature of the Germany’s population in the late 19th and early 21th century when it experienced declined population. The group B was defined by a decline in both death and birth rates; however, it further projected that the death rate would have decline more intensely than the birth rates. Notably, this condition applied in equal magnitude as A to Germany (Caldwell and Caldwell, 2006). This is due to the fact that Germany since then have experienced reliable and adequate health care services that keeps it population health and had shifted its social welfare from the primitive thinking of regarding children as source of wealth but as a means of continuity. The demographic transition theory also addressed the concerns of group C nation where there was little evidence in the control of birth and death rates (Charbit, 2009). This situation is clear with the developing nation such China during the same period of analysis. China’s population has been on the increase until it was too much on its development that the government of China thought of regulating birth rate of its citizens through the introduction of one child birth policy. However, it has never succeeded successfully. The United States has also experienced demographic transitions over period; however, the same transition has taken different shapes for many centuries. In the past century, the fertility rate of the United States cannot be explained due to the fact that the nation is governed by different notion of giving birth. The citizens never consider children as source of wealth and the government also has a number of child policies (Sharma, 1996). In other words, the United States has a controlled birth rate; thus, citizens are using difference means to attain the set birth rate and most of them are also not seeing the need of having many children. Additionally, the United States has had low mortality rate due to its advanced and adequate health systems; thus, it had been expected that it has a declined birth and death rates compared to earlier centuries; however, that has not been the case since for the last century, the United States experienced a population increase. It should be noted that this population increase not pegged on high birth rate or decreased death rates, but increased migration levels that until 2013 the government had changed policies on migration to reduce the number of immigrants into the United States. Notably, for the last century the demographic theory has had effect to the United States’ population demographics and the effects have been created by immense migration into the country (Sharma, 1996). Otherwise, if they could only have relied on only on citizens of the United States by birth, the theory could have applied. Nonetheless, the new migration policies reflect that United States will have constant population by 2040 as it currently has noting that the country has low death and birth rates with regulated immigrants (Caldwell and Caldwell, 2006). This situation will demand the health system of the United States to invest on the old age disease management. References Top of Form Bottom of Form Top of Form Bottom of Form Top of Form Caldwell, J. C., & Caldwell, B. (2006). Demographic transition theory. Dordrecht: Springer. Charbit, Y. (2009). Economic, social and demographic thought in the XIXth Century: The population debate from Malthus to Marx. Dordrecht: Springer. Sharma, R. K. (1996). Demography and population problems. Delhi: Atlantic. Bottom of Form Read More