Practical 6-Liquid preparations - Essay Example

1. Location of Process 2. Department SHS 3. Assessment Ref. preparation of paracetamol injection  4. Process (What is being done) Preparation of liquid injection solution of paracetamol5. Frequency of use Once a year6. Who is/are at risk?Students, academic staff , technical staff7. Any special risk groups?pregnant women , Service Engineers, Visitors, New/inexperienced students8. Substances and microbiological materials (include mixtures and products)8a. Name8b. Physical form8c. Quantity handled8d.

Hazard pictograms (chemical,  see foot of last page) and signal word (warning, danger or none)or Hazard Group - HG1 or HG2 (microbiological) 8e. Workplace Exposure Limit (WEL) from EH40 / mg m-3, long (l) or short term (s) 8f. Control measures8g. Disposal route1 -PEG 400Liquid0.200 mlSkin and eye irritant and cause ingestion and inhalation hazard. Have antigenic potential and may cause anaphylaxis upon ingestion. Carcinogenic, Mutagenic, Teratogenic and Developmental toxicity not identified.

LD50=44200mg/kg (rats) (1)TWA=10 mg/m3 (1)Work in fume cupboard wearing safety goggles (slash goggles), gloves and lab coats (PPE). Use of self containing breathing apparatus to address inhalation hazardNon-chlorinated waste container,Incineration is preferred. Contain spills with inert materials like earth or sand. Preventing the wash water from entering sewers and open water bodies. 2 -Propylene glycolLiquid0.270 mlAspiration hazard, cause ingestion and inhalation hazard . Carcinogenic, Mutagenic, Teratogenic and Developmental toxicity not identified (3) LD50=22000mg/kg to 31000mg/kg(rats)TWA=10 mg/m3 .(3)Work in fume cupboard wearing safety goggles ,gloves and lab coats , Using local exhaust ventilationNon-chlorinated waste container.

Empty containers can contain the remains. Contain spills with inert materials like earth or sand. Preventing the wash water from entering sewers and open water bodies.3- Sodium acetateSolid0.200 gMay cause eye, skin and gastrointestinal irritation. No inhalation hazard . Carcinogenic, Teratogenic and Developmental toxicity not identified. However mutagenic effects noted in experimental animals(3) LD50=3530mg/kg(rats).(5)No exposure limitWork in fume cupboard wearing safety goggles , gloves and lab coats Via the normal trash.

Vacuum pumps to address spillage(6)4 – Nitrogengas    _Rapidly expanding gas can cause burns and frostbite in skin, eyes and gastrointestinal tract. Asphyxiating effects noted. Carcinogenic, Mutagenic, Teratogenic and Developmental toxicity not identified. (7)No exposure limit.Safety goggles, gloves and lab coat( PPE) . Process in the fume cupboard.Release in the air.(8)5 - HClLiquid    _Corrosive to skins and eyes. Slight hazard on aspiration (lung sensitizer) . Toxic to liver, kidneys and mucus membranes.

Carcinogenic effects classified as Class 3 agent (not classifiable for humans). Mutagenic, Teratogenic and Developmental toxicity not identified (9)5ppm7 mg/m3 (9)Safety goggles, gloves and lab coat. Face shields and exhaust ventilation (PPE)Dilute the volume of acid can be disposed down the sink with plenty of water. Contain spills with inert materials like earth or sand. (10)6- NaOHLiquid  _Cause eye and skin burns. May cause chemical conjunctivitis and corneal damage. Can cause penetrating ulcerations of the skin and permanent damage to gastrointestinal tract (11)2 mg/m3 Ceiling 10 mg/m3( for 15 minutes) (11)Slash goggles, gloves and lab coat made of butyl rubber.

Small volume of acid disposed down the sink with plenty of water. Vacuum pumps to address spillage (10)9. Key MessageFrom the list above, what is the most dangerous/ hazardous substance and why?Concentrated hydrochloric acid HCl and NaOH as both are corrosive causing eye, skin and gastrointestinal burns and damage10. Instruction, training and supervision10a. What special instructions are needed to carry out the process safely?Follow written procedure as laid down by EPA and Material safety sheet.

Proper usage of splash goggles, lab coat and gloves (PPE) and work in the fume cupboard when dealing with the chemicals. Correct wearing of Self containing breathing apparatus.10b. What special training is required to carry out the process safely?Respiratory protective devices should be maintained properly10c. What supervision is required to carry out the process safely?Additional supervision is required when handling the vials for HPLC .11. Emergency measures for the process11a. Minor spillage or release procedureHydrochloric acid , sodium hydroxide :Minor spillage: dilute with water and wipe up with paper towel, contain with inert material or vacuum suctions.11b. Major spillage or release procedureEvacuate the area and inform supervisor /HPL/Technical staff .11c. Fire precautions and proceduresNo precaution needed since there are no flammable chemicals used.11d. First aid precautions and proceduresEye contact: In case of eye contact with irritant, harmful or corrosive chemicals eye should be rinsed with water for at least 15 minutes or Dipoterine (found at the first aid point .

Diphoterine wash is available for treating exposure of skin or eyes to hazardous chemicals), make sure to carefully part the upper and lower eyelids without rubbing the eyes. Staff will be immediately consulted and medical aid will be followed consulting a physician.Skin contact: In case of skin contact with chemicals, the areas of contact will be carefully washed with water and soap for at least 15 minutes. If necessary cloths and shoes will be removed and destroyed. A physician will be consulted for further advice and treatments.

Ingestion/Inhalation: In case of ingestion or inhalation best thing to consult a physician for further advice. If chemicals are swallowed, mouth should be rinsed with water without inducing vomit. If vomiting occurs naturally, make the victim lean forward. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.In case of Cuts, for example from broken glassware, needle stick injuries: encourage bleeding and hold under cold running tap . In case of Burns and scalds: hold under cold running tap.12. Statement of approval (the process must only be approved if the estimated risk is trivial, low or moderate using the matrix at the end of this document)Likelihood of harm occurring (L)2Severity of harm (S)2The risk arising from the process after applying the controls stated is (R = L x S)2 x 2 = 412a.

Assessed by [name(s) & signature(s)]12b. Date12c. Approved by (name and signature)12d. Date