Changes Concerning the Diagnosis and Treatment of Mentally Ill between the 19th and 20th Centuries - Essay Example

MENTAL HEALTH Prof "What changes have been made between the 19th and 20th centuries concerning the diagnosis and treatment of the mentally ill?" (2 pages) Mental health is one of the most serious issues facing the world today. Only recently have practitioners and the public come to consider mental issues as the public health problem that they truly are. We are witnessing a dramatic shift in the definition of these problems and where and how they should be dealt with. Although public understanding of this issue is unfortunately still at an early stage, much has changed over the course of the last one hundred years. The difference between perceptions of mental illness today and in the 19th century is between night and day (Nunes, 2002). That said we need to dramatically increase the amount of information and education out there on this issue. We need to know when such things become a problem and when they should be left alone. Mental health is an issue that affects all of us and must be taken very seriously by all of us. Part of the solution to this issue is understand its history. In the not so distant past, people with mental illness were considered to be possessed by spirit or demons. People were frightened of them and locked them up in unpleasant asylums. They had few rights and less treatments. They were object of fear and concern and were often not even considered to human any more. The field of psychology, only really began to develop about 120 years ago, with Freuds first work (Nunes, 2002). Before that, few took the time to understand these issues.       Today there are, for example, serious deficits in the American criminal justice system with regards to the mentally ill. Too often their problems are not diagnosed or treated (Amen, 1998). They are also often kept in the general population rather than in special wards where their problems can be better treated. Part of this stems from the high cost of treatment and the shortage of qualified doctors and nurses working in areas of mental health. Another important aspect of this problem arises from the fact that many states pass on the funding and control of programs for the mentally ill on to the federal government and its bureaucracies (Nunes, 2002). Rather than dealing with local problems on a local basis, too many of these very specific problems have to be addressed by a faceless group of officials in a distant capital. This outsourcing has been very unsuccessful in helping improve the situation of the mentally ill with regards to the criminal justice system. But this situation is much better compared with what is was like in centuries past. There were no pleas of insanity in a court. People with mental illness who committed crimes had no treatment of representation. They were just locked up and the key was thrown away. There are a number of contemporary public policies we must address regarding mental health. One of the most important things for businesses to consider when starting up is whether to how much of their employees healthcare costs they should pay. This is part of a great debate about healthcare and whether the state or employers should pay it or whether people should be responsible for it themselves. It comes down to the basic question: is healthcare a private or a public good? That is a vital question to ask regarding mental health as costs associated with it can be not only astronomical but seriously affect employees work performances. In the past, people did not have health insurance and it certainly did not cover mental health. Mental health issues were a dirty secret which people did not talk about. They locked their sick relatives in the attic and pretending they didnt exist. "What forms of trauma are ever-present in America today? What are successful treatments for Post Traumatic Stress Disorders?" Post traumatic stress disorder is a serious problem that affects us all. There are a number of attendant problems attached to PTSD and the disease itself comes in many varieties. There is an acute version and a complex version, for example. There are a number of other conditions which are exacerbated by PTSD. Some suspect self-harming or criminal behaviour may be more likely among those suffering from traumatic experiences (VA site). There is a great deal of trouble re-adjusting to normal life and high incidences of marital breakdown for those who suffer from this plight. What can society do to help bring these issues to light and to try to help? A key thing to do is to encourage people suffering from mental illness or mental disorders such as PTSD to seek help. No man or woman is an island and it can be very difficult to balance one’s life and to know when and if you might have a problem. You might need help. Sometimes this involves asking your partner to help you out, to have a shoulder to cry on. But it might also involve asking a professional to talk to you and prescribe something. There’s no shame in that: it is important to get past the stigma of mental illness. That’s why those people exist and they know what they’re doing. Sometimes people have so much on the go that they themselves are unable to get a grasp on it all. They need a fresh pair of eyes to help make sense of it all. And that’s where a professional can come in handy. Some suggest that PTSD is over-diagnosed, but the evidence suggests otherwise (Brunet, 2007). The truth is, in order to deal with the scourge of mental illnesses such as PTSD, we need a revolution in caring. We first learn to care for other people in families. The family is one of society’s cornerstones. It is the place we learn, we love, and that defines us. It has many roles, but among its more important roles is in promoting and reinforcing the health of its members. Parents teach their children to eat well, exercise, and stay healthy. But education is only part of it. When a member is ill, families can be extremely important in supporting that member and helping them to get better. Family can have many definitions but it usually refers to immediate relations such as a mother, father, brother, sister, spouse or child. All of the individuals through their love of one another can provide maximum support and encouragement to a patient. Facing mental illness, a powerful support network is one of the key things people need. They can also provide a standard of care that it may not be possible for even the most well-trained nurse to provide.       When caring for a person it is important to be sympathetic and supportive and not to lose one’s patience (Cahill, 2004). Indeed, when working in a hospital, medical practitioners can rely and even imitate the caring behaviour of family members. This is a great way to pool resources and work efficiently especially when dealing with a taxing mental illness.       However, although families are the original site of caring education and the main source of support for people who are ill, they can sometimes overdo things. Although the majority of family members are caring and have good intentions towards their relation it is also possible some family members may increase a patient’s stress levels or be generally detrimental to a patient’s health. This is surely one of the most difficult situations for a nurse: deciding who can and can’t see a patient. Although some family members will claim unlimited access to a patient, nurses must decide what is appropriate and what is not. Mental health issues are not going anywhere. PTSD is not going anywhere. Indeed, the rates of wounded warriors returning home with this affliction have increased in the last decade. Indeed, there is a good chance that these issues will become even more prominent in the next few years as we begin to understand more about them. We need to understand the continuum of mental health and what we can do to properly address these issues. Works consulted Amen, Daniel G. (1998). Change Your Brain, Change Your Life: the Breakthrough Program for Conquering Anxiety, Depression, Obsessiveness, Anger, and Impulsiveness. Three Rivers Press. Bleich, A; Kolter, M; Kutz, E; Shaley, A (2002). Guidelines for the assessment and professional intervention with terror victims in the hospital and the community. Jerusalem, Israel: Israeli National Council for Mental Health. Brunet A, Akerib V, Birmes P (2007). "Dont throw out the baby with the bathwater (PTSD is not overdiagnosed)" (PDF). Can J Psychiatry 52 (8). Burton, Joan. (2009). “Healthy workplace framework and model: Background and supporting literature and practices.” World Health Organization. Cahill, S. P., & Foa, E. B. (2004). A glass half empty or half full? Where we are and directions for future research in the treatment of PTSD. In S. Taylor (ed.), Advances in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Cognitive-behavioral perspectives (pp. 267-313) New York: Springer. Nunes, Julia & Scott Simmie. (2002). Beyond Crazy: Journeys Through Mental Illness. McClelland & Stewart. Schaufeli, W.B., & Enzmann, D. (1998). “The burnout companion to study and research: A critical analysis.” Taylor & Francis. VA site. http://www.ncptsd.va.gov/ncmain/ncdocs/fact_shts/fs_children_disaster.html Read More