Health Care Delivery System - Assignment Example

Please ans in the order the assignment is in. example: objectives ans the questions under it. Week Basic Characteristics of the U.S. Health CareDelivery System Module 1 Objectives = Describe the four functional components of a health care delivery system. Describe the primary characteristics of the U.S. health care delivery system. Identify differences in the U.S. health care system from other models presented in the text. Assignment Chapter 1 The following case scenario may help you focus on the critical elements of the reading assignment.  Read the case carefully and draft out a response to the questions.  Write a cohesive response to the questions posed in the case study and post your response in the appropriate forum in Discussion Board.  Respond to at least one colleagues post. Lecture Materials Case-study: The governor of a poor Southern state has just announced her candidacy for the president of the United States. One of her top platforms that likely led to her candidacy is her commitment to ensure access to health care for all of the citizens in the United States. As governor, she brought down the percentage of uninsured by 25 percent in just two years by expanding Medicaid benefits to the near poor. She knows full well that previous national efforts to reduce the number of uninsured have failed. Just last year Congress failed to reach agreement in establishing legislation that would have increased the number of people who would qualify for Medicaid. The governor supports a move toward a single payer system in the health care industry as a vehicle to help pay for people to have access to health care insurance, but does not understand all of its components. You are the governor’s best friend and happen to be enrolled in the bachelor’s degree program in health management at a University. She asks you to inform her of your thoughts of implementing a national single payer system. Include in your discussion the likely effect this type of system would have on the administrative costs, delivery of services, and payment for services rendered. Don’t forget to tell her about the possibility of pent-up demand and what may happen to availability of and access to services. Will her plan to use administrative savings cover the 16 percent of Americans who are uninsured? Why or why not? Experiences in Canada and UK have proven the effectiveness of the single payer health system, as both countries have covered large percentage of their population and have a lower cost of health care per capita than US. Implementing this same system in the US would cover most of the uninsured Americans and would provide better availability and access to services to the entire population, as the 25 % of health expenditures spent on administration would be allocated toward better health services, however, one most meanest the financial problems that arise from merging the various insurance factors as Medicare and Medicaid, as they would in united into a single health care system, as well as the shift from a predominant employment-based private insurance towards government financing. Format for Posting Newspaper Article When reading a principal newspaper article (http://www.geocities.com/~oberoi/newspapr.html) on the health care industry for this week think of the “water cooler” forum as a place to discuss concepts/issues you’re exposed to with your colleagues.  You might post in the water cooler following the format below: 1. Brief summary [3-4 sentences] 2. Key issue [1 or 2 words] 3. Resolution [Does the article resolve the key issue, how?] 4. Tie-in [Is there a tie-in with the key issue in this article to your work or personal life?]  Basic Characteristics of a Health Care Delivery System Basic Characteristics (57 Kb) Please view the PowerPoint presentation on Characteristics of a Health Care Delivery System after completing your reading assignments. Week 1: System Foundations: Cultural Beliefs and Values. Objectives Explain the concepts of health and sickness. Identify the determinants of health. Describe basic measures of health status and health services utilization. Assignments Post a brief (1-3) paragraph statement of interest in a topic within the health sector.  You will research this topic this term and prepare 6-8 page paper that you will submit during the last week of class.  This paper will have no less than eight outside sources.  APA format is required. Lecture Materials Case study: The following case scenario will help focus your reading on the key elements of the chapter.  Prepare your response and post your response in the appropriate discussion board forum. Be sure to respond to at least one colleagues post. You are the case manager for a private, nonprofit company. The centers physician referred a 58-year-old woman to you to help coordinate her medical care needs. The record reflects poor nutritional habits, a lack of physical activity, high blood sugar levels, and elevated blood pressure. The patient lives alone and is a nurses aide at a local nursing home. She quit school in the tenth grade. You make arrangements to visit the patient at home. Upon arrival, you notice the following: the apartment complex is run down, the apartment is roach infested, the refrigerator contains eggs, bacon, and grits and the cabinets contain products high in sodium and sugar. The patient tells you that she doesnt think that the medicine the doctor prescribed will help her feel any better and she doesnt feel confident about checking her urine for sugar. You are taking an undergraduate course at Northeastern to work toward a degree in health management. One of your professors when assigning course material about the U.S. health care system suggested that it encourages the medicalization of social ills. In other words, the United States views social problems as medical problems; for example, excess stress may be diagnosed as irritable bowel syndrome, headache, or fatigue. Describe what issues you as the case manager would address for the 58-year-old woman under (1) a market justice form of medical care and (2) a social justice system of care. Which one is likely to have more impact on the overall health of this woman? Explain why the United States would rather treat the manifestation of the social disease rather than the cause of the problem. A market justice for of medical care focuses on providing medical care on the basis of health insurances payment and market economy. As a case manager in such form of medical care I would focus on the patient‘s medical record and his medical problem such as the patient’s poor nutritional habits, a lack of physical activity, high blood sugar levels, and elevated blood pressure .I would advise the patient to focus more on her health and her social habit, however, as they influenced the patient’s health status, and therefore, the amount of financing spent on maintaining the patient’s health. A social justice form of medical care focuses of providing care for the entire population regardless of financial and social status. The financial strain on the system would require focusing more on preventing diseases, rather than curing them. Therefore, as the case worker I would focus on the patient’s social status and condition as it is primary generator of the diseases mentioned in the medical record. Improving both health and social condition would benefit the patient more in the social justice form of medical care. Cultural Beliefs Cultural Beliefs and Values (81.5 Kb) View the PowerPoint presentation of Cultural Beliefs and Values. Week 2: System Foundations: The Evolution of Health Services Module 1 Objectives This part focuses on historical developments associated with the United States resiliency to adopting a national health insurance program like Canada or Germany. 1. Explain why the emergence of general hospitals strengthened the professional independence of physicians. 2. Describe why the structure of medical care in the United States did not develop around primary care. 3. Explain the governments role in the delivery of health care with specific reference to the dichotomy between public health and private medicine Assignments Case study: The following case scenario may help focus your readings on the key elements of chapter 3.  Respond to the questions in the case and post your response in the appropriate Discussion Board forum.  Remember to comment on at least one colleagues post.  You are a lead policy analyst for the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) formerly known as Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA). A member of the U.S. Senate has contacted your boss, the head of CMS, hoping to better understand the benefits of a national health insurance (NHI) program. The senator explained that he has heard all kinds of reasons why an NHI program couldnt work in the United States and wants to get the real scoop. Your boss meets with you to discuss how best to approach the request of the senator. It is agreed that you must first research why previous proposals favoring NHI have failed in the United States. During your research you partially conclude the reason for failure is the American value system, which is based on individualism, little government interference, and free market principles. What do you also learn about past efforts? Given all your research, would Americans today support a national form of health insurance? Explain. What would it take to overcome or address these past failures? How would you present the information to the senator? Implementing a national health program in the US would certainly face serious problems, since many Americans still mistrust centralizing the health care payment system and remember the long history of politicians and government agencies being overly influenced by wealthy private interests over coming these private interest groups would require electorate mobilized in a sport in a particular national health insurance plan, but such electorate does not exist currently in the US. In 2000, for example, 56% of the public sported national health insurance financed by tax money down from 66% in 1992. In the same yare, only 30% trusted the government to do the right thing. This eliminates the necessary support for the overall concept of national health esurience. The concept of national health insurance rest on the belief that everyone should contribute to finance health care and everyone should benefit. The achievement of national health insurance in the US may depend of the development of such attitudes. Evolution of Health Services Evolution of Health Services (49 Kb) View the PowerPoint presentation on evolution of health services after completing your reading assignemnt. Week 2: System Resources: Health Services Professionals Objectives This focuses on the various types of health services professionals and their training. The text is fairly comprehensive in dealing with physicians, their maldistribution in both geography and specialty, and helps us understand the role of nonphysician providers like NPs and PAs. You will also have an opportunity to explore the role of the Health Resources and Services Administration agency with the federal department of health and human services. 1.Explain the major distinctions and why there is an inbalance between primary care and specialty care. 2.Explain the roles of nonphysician primary care providers in the health care delivery system. 3.Identify and describe the factors associated with the development of health services professionals in the United States. Assignment Post an aspect of the HRSA web site that you found particularly compelling, as described in Lecture Materials; comment on at least one colleagues post. Post an outline of the topic you will be researching this term.  This is to be no greater than two pages long. Lecture Materials A primary care office located in a predominately African-American urban community provides a full range of health care services including obstetrics, pediatrics, and geriatrics. The clinic is staffed with international physicians and licensed practical nurses (LPNs). There continues to be reports that large numbers of people in your community are not accessing needed services and the health of the community is worse than in neighboring urban communities. Describe how the use of nonphysician health care practitioners (certified nurse practitioner, physician assistant, or certified nurse midwife) could affect access, cost, and quality in this community. Statistics have shown the reduced nurse staffing is associated with increased inpatient morality, post surgical complications and hospital-acquired infections, so the necessary of non-physician health care practitioners. The latest research demonstrate that nurse practitioners also delivered hi standers of clinical care, so it is possible that they will become a lower crossed alternative to physician labor, or at least, a complementary part to a health care team . Discussion board You are requested to explore the Health Resources and Services Administration web site. Spend at least twenty minutes to one-half hour researching the site and post on the discussion board forum entitled HRSA some aspect of the web site that you found particularly compelling. Reply to at least one peers post The Professions The Professions (66.5 Kb) View the PowerPoint presentation of the professions. Week 3: System Resources: Medical Technology Objectives This part examines the impact of technology on the quality of care, quality of life, health care costs, access to care, and the structure of health services delivery. The Food and Drug Administration has a major role in this component of the health care system. 1.Explain why medical technology is more readily available in the United States than it is in other countries. 2.Describe how technology influences the quality of medical care and quality of life. 3.Describe the relationship between technological innovation and health care expenditures. Assignment Post one compelling aspect of the web site as described in Lesson Notes; comment on at least one colleagues post. Lecture Materials You are a member of a human genome project. A federal task force has been formed to discuss this revolutionary science and how it can and should be used. You are asked by the task force to come to its next meeting to help the members learn more about how patient confidentiality can be protected in the human genome project. List and describe measures you would want to include in your presentation to the member of the task force. Protecting personal information when it is connected to a research project is of great importance, since there is always possibility that the patient may be providing information that might be harmful to them in the future. Specifically for the human genome project complete confidentiality the donor is imperative; the name should be noun only to the leader of the project. Discussion Board Forum You are asked to visit the web site of the Food and Drug Administration. Explore this site for twenty minutes to a half hour. Post in the discussion board forum on the FDA the aspect of the site you found most compelling. Respond to at least one peers post. Medical Technology View the PowerPoint presentation of Medical Technology Week1 Comment on your colleagues post. Below (few sentences please) September 25, 2008 T. Nitra Vines HMG 4301 Chp02 Case   Medical Problems Visit   Poor nutritional habits lives alone lack of physical activity nurse aide high blood sugar levels 10th grade education high blood pressure. Apt. complex run down roach infested high sodium & sugar food in frig & cabinets     As the case manager, I would have to seriously address these issues and encourage the patient to improve her health. Market Justice is viewed as fair distribution of health care in a free economy. However, the patient has a 10th grade education, live alone in a rundown apt, which is infested with roaches with food products that contain high sodium in and sugar. Even though, she has a slight medical background, I don’t believe the patient is capable of taking care of herself. She mentioned “she don’t think that the medicine the doctor prescribed will help her feel any better and she doesn’t feel confident about checking her urine for sugar.” This is/or lead to not properly taking medication. Under the Social Justice the patient can take advantage of the many medical services available to her. I agree with my colleges post in many aspects. I so believe that the patient should be encourage to improve her health , however , in a market justice form of health care the focus is placed on treating symptoms and disease, rather than on the socioeconomic aspects that coast them. .week 2 Comment on your colleagues post. Below (few sentences please) In my research of the past efforts for national health care due to the fact insured patients were opposed to a tax increase to support the program.  These Americans believe that they are already insured and paying for it, why should they pay for everyone else to get insured on their dime.  There were other factors including political inexpediency, institutional dissimilarities, and ideological differences.  Today I believe Americans still would not favor the national health care plan, unless some of the old perjustices are revisited and brought to the forefront.  One way to decrease attention on increased taxes would be to offer a rebate from families who continue to use their own insurance.  We would also have to look at getting providers to work as a team instead of as competitors.  To show this information to the senator I would put together a short power point of there reasons for failure and ways to over come them.  Some numbers of insured vs amounts of money to cover these patients.    My research have brought be the same conclusions, however, with different emphasis. Most Americans have lost faith it their political systems when health care is censured .Their ant tags mentality also play an important part, however, the problem can be easily overcame by explain the try benefits of the new system, as well as showing the effectiveness and low cost of such system of Western countries. In a step by step integrations of the many segmented systems of the US health care plan may just help people to restore their faith in their government. Read More