Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs - Essay Example

EXAMINATION PROTOCOL PLAGIARISM-FINDER (www.m4-software.com) Examination of the document "C:Documents and SettingsCyberMy Documents158808_order 158808.doc"Time Created5/28/2007 6:36:02 PMTime last modified5/28/2007 6:36:02 PMTime last accessed5/28/2007 6:36:02 PMNumber of words824AuthorUserKeywordsLast authorUserANALYSED ORIGINAL SOURCE (extracts) The contribution of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs [.] (NSAIDs) to our understanding of developmental [.] advances in the pharmaceutical sciences Introduction [.

] Non - Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) [.] is the most widely used pain [.] reliever nowadays NSAID are drugs used [.] to reduce pain fever and inflammation [.] It is called non steroidal to [.] distinguish it from steroids which have [.] a similar eicosanoid-depressing anti-inflammatory action NSAIDS [.] are unusual in that they are [.] non-narcotic NSAIDs are sometimes also referred [.] to as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents/analgesics (NSAIAs) [.] In early days the most prominent [.

] members of this group of drugs [.] are aspirin and ibuprofen This paper [.] will show the development of NSAID [.] from 1829 where it was started [.] up to the present From the [.] simple salicin to a more complicated [.] but effective COX 1 and COX [.] 2 History of NSAID In the [.] mid 1700s Reverend Edmund Stone wrote [.] a letter to the English Royal [.] Society noting the ability of the [.] bark of the willow tree to [.] cure fever He was reiterating an [.] observation known for centuries by many [.

] cultures but the actual ingredient remained [.] unknown until 1829 when Leroux isolated [.] salicin Salicin indeed proved to decrease [.] fever (Green GA 2002) Sodium salicylate [.] a predecessor to aspirin was developed [.] along with salicylic acid in 1875 [.] as a pain reliever a very [.] successful treatment of fever and gout [.] Sodium salicylate was not often popular [.] though as it has a habit [.] of irritating the stomach However [.] in 1897 a man named Felix [.] Hoffman changed the face of medicine [.

] forever Hoffman was a German [.] chemist working for Bayer He [.] had been using the common pain [.] reliever of the time sodium salicylate [.] to treat his father's arthritis The [.] sodium salicylate caused his father the [.] same stomach trouble it caused other (Link) [.] people so Felix decided to try [.] and concoct a less acidic formula [.] His work led to the [.] synthesization of acetylsalicylic acid or ASA [.] This soon became the pain [.] killer of choice for physicians around [.

] the globe Scientists never really understood [.] the inner workings of the drug [.] however It wasn't until the [.] 1970's when British pharmacologist John Vane [.] Ph D began work on aspirin [.] that people began to understand how [.] aspirin really works Vane and [.] his colleagues found that aspirin inhibited [.] the release of a hormone like [.] substance called prostaglandin This chemical [.] regulates certain body functions such as [.] blood vessel elasticity and changing the [.] functions of blood platelets Thus [.

] can aspirin affect blood clotting and [.] ease inflammation (Alhammabi et al 2005) [.] Development of NSAID Asipirin is the [.] famous NSAID which was discovered by [.] a German Chemist The brand name [.] Aspirin was originated from the Bayer [.] Company of Germany in 1897 In [.] some countries the name is used [.] as a generic term for the [.] drug rather than the manufacturer's trademark [.] In countries in which Aspirin remains [.] a trademark the initialism ASA (for [.] acetylsalicylic acid) is used as a [.

] generic term The name aspirin is [.] composed of a- (from the acetyl [.] group) -spir- (from the plant genus [.] Spiraea) and -in (a common ending [.] for drugs at the time) It [.] has also been stated that the [.] name originated by another means As [.] referring to AcetylSalicylic and pir in [.] reference to one of the scientists [.] who was able to isolate it [.] in crystalline form Raffaele Piria Finally [.] in because it was a common [.] ending for drugs at the time [.] (Stone E 1973) Even though Bayer [.

] was able to registered aspirin as [.] a trademark still the Germany Company [.] lost it during the World War [.] I Sterling Drug in 1918 was [.] able to get the right to [.] use Aspirin in the United States [.] when he was able to buy [.] the rights from the U S [.] Government Competitors start producing aspirin and [.] copying the formula done by Hoffman [.] In 1994 Bayer acquired Sterling but [.] still it did not restore the [.] U S trademark In as early [.] as 5th century BC Hippocrates a [.

] Greek physician wrote about a bitter [.] powder extracted from willow bark that [.] could lessen aches and pains and [.] reduce fevers The Cherokee and other [.] Native Americans used an infusion of [.] the bark for fever and other [.] medicinal purposes for centuries (Hemel P [.] Chiltoskey M 1975) The medicinal part [.] of the plant is the inner [.] bark and was used as a [.] pain reliever for a variety of [.] ailments The Reverend Edward Stone a [.] vicar from Chipping Norton Oxfordshire England [.

] noted in 1763 that the bark [.] of the willow was effective in [.] reducing a fever The active extract [.] of the bark called salicin after [.] the Latin name for the White [.] willow (Salix alba) was isolated to [.] its crystalline form in 1828 by [.] Henri Leroux a French pharmacist and [.] Raffaele Piria an Italian chemist Piria [.] was able to convert the substance [.] into a sugar and a second [.] component which on oxidation becomes salicylic [.] acid Salicylic acid was also isolated [.

] from the herb meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria [.] formerly classified as Spiraea ulmaria) by [.] German researchers in 1839 While their [.] their extract extract [.] BIBLIOGRAPHY All sources with a match of at least 100 characters are shown:RESULT OF THE EXAMINATION number of words in document824therefrom examined words824therefrom congruent wordsfound in the Internet6record length7increment5so that100 % of all words have been examineda total of1 % congruent wordshave been found in the Internetfrom all examined words this is a total of1 % congruent wordsfound in the Internet