The Growing Problem of Substance and Alcohol Misuse in Youth of England - Essay Example

? The Growing Problem of Substance and Alcohol Misuse in Youth of England: A Critical Literature Review The Growing Problem of Substance and Alcohol Misuse in Youth of England: A Critical Literature Review Introduction The problem of substance and alcohol abuse is growing in all parts of the world. The major reason of youth getting involved in the filthiest practice of drug use is the presence of free information on the web whereas, the media is engaged in showing that it is indeed cool to have an addiction (Kenney, LaBrie, & Hummer 2012). The main characters in the movies are shown to have excessive drinking problem (Koordeman, Kuntsche, Anschutz, Baaren, & Engels 2011). The world leading liquor companies such as Johnnie walker are spending millions and trillions of dollars in terms of advertising and marketing their products all around the world (Jackson, Hastings, Wheeler, Eadie, & MacKintosh 2000). The companies are specifically targeting youngsters in the nation of England and the social exchange and learning theories are at work (Badelt & Weiss 1990) because the advertisement tells the youth about the presence of alcoholic products and then, the intent to purchase them and use them is significantly reinforced by movies and serials in which the leading character will always have a cigarette in his mouth (Stern 2005) and therefore, the young minds think that it is really cool to have drug problems because it permits people to attain the impossible as heroes do on the big screen (Klein, 2010). The childish minds however, do not have sufficient intellectual power to comprehend the ramifications of their actions that lead to their addiction and when they do comprehend the consequences then, it is usually pretty much late for them to turnaround. The famous alcoholic product makers are known to sponsor the production of movies that are the most prominent method of advertising alcoholic products. The governments all around the world are attempting to minimize marketing and advertising activities of companies that are operating in alcoholic products’ domain and therefore, the companies have to find another way of getting information about their products to the customers. The pressure to induce demand in the local economy is also growing because people do not drink alcoholic products in the country more frequently and they are usually used in ceremonies and important occasions and because of this reason, the companies are consistently trying to make youngsters repeated customers and the growing drug and alcoholic use is a sufficient proof that the plan is duly working (Shimp 2007). The youngsters in England are no doubt engaged in usage of drugs and alcohol and according to recent study, the children in the English society are getting more and more interested and attracted towards drugs because of presented powerful persona of a hero in the movies (Cape 2003). The government of England faces a challenge of undoing much of the damage by running series of public awareness campaigns that should be designed in order to increase the information of youngsters about problems that might get worse in the future as well (Thom 2005). Additionally, the government is also recommended to sponsor and subsidize rehabilitation centers so that they can perform their function in the society more effectively. The rehabilitation centers must be permitted to market themselves on the electronic and internet media. The growth in the visibility of rehab centers on the media will most probably attract the attention of addicted youngsters whose lives can be turned around. The awareness campaigns must also be run in educational institutions where the youngsters must be told about adverse effects of drug use on human health. Keywords: Youth in England, Drug use, Substance use, Alcoholism, Interventions, Youngsters of age 20-25, Psychology, Social Psychology, Educational Psychology, Advertisement in Movies, Media The drug and alcohol use are treated as techniques of gaining attention by social scientists and therefore, these are just set of symptoms of an underlying problems. Thusly, these problems can be solved by discussing deep seated issues in one’s mind (Abbott 1998). The psychology is identified as an institutionalized practice of love and because of its kind nature; it is going to help English children in the process of overcoming the problem of alcoholism (Hicks 2005). Background and Rationale of the Study The basic and fundamental objective of the study is to highlight the reasons that are leading towards growing drug and alcohol use in the youngsters of England. The alcoholic products are historically used in England as ceremonial symbols and their frequent use is identified as something that is considered culturally wrong (Weisse 2008). The next generation’s perception about the alcohol is being changed in order to induce demand of an undesirable product. The marketplace of the modern era of the 21st century is all about creating demand in the public and nowadays companies do not wait for the people to demand products and services on their own (Palgar 2000). The companies are attempting to push people in making a wrong buyer decision by making them consider it right. The celebrity endorsement is supposedly being used as a means of suppressing negativities of the products so that people should become attracted towards them on a growing basis. The modern arena of the business world is thriving on the basis of effective information management and therefore, if the governments are looking to fight the demon of alcoholism then, they have to do it with the help of providing youngsters with adequate information about adverse effects of alcohol on human health. The rehabilitation can only occur if the effected are willing to pursue a treatment against drug addiction. The persona of heroism that is closely related to drug and alcohol use has to be challenged and uprooted in a logical fashion. Still, the change that is going to take place as a result of the abovementioned recommendations will have long term nature and therefore, it will take a significant number of years in order to show its results. The data and information during the conduction of the literature review will be gathered in English whereas; the studies that are going to be included will have origins in the English culture because the problem that is being studied belongs to the featured society specifically. The studies of past ten years will be included because they can give the research an opportunity to study the problem in a historical sense as well. The alcoholic products are marketed through movies and internet and therefore, the governments that are planning to fight growing alcoholism have to provide the public with the information about adverse effects of drug use on human health. The proposed intervention is going to work because it will implant mental willingness and an internal debate in youngsters that will cause them to experience guilt and that is the first step towards recovery in case of any psychological problem and illness. The theories of social exchange and learning are playing a significant role in the process of making youngsters addictive because they get attracted to the information that is strategically provided to them on the internet and then, the movie stars deliberately guide them about how to use alcohol and other sorts of drugs. Review Question The review question about the subject matter of the study is as follows: - Q.1 what are the key reasons that lead to growing demand of alcoholic and other drug products amongst the English youth? The people who are going to be affected the most by the study are none other than youngsters of England. The target population of the question will include males and females who have ages between 18 to 25 years. The intervention that will be proposed in this study will be targeting population by enlightening them with provision of information about the ill-effects of drug use on their health. Additionally, few misconceptions must also be cleared as they state that the intellectual capacity of humans can be increased with drug use. The abovementioned presumption can be found true in the short run scenario and the disadvantages of the choice can easily overweigh its benefits by causing lung cancer and various kinds of heart diseases. The high quality of information if provisioned effectively can cause their willingness to pursue proper treatment to increase. The English culture is having an individualistic nature and therefore, people do not want to unduly influence others’ decision making process. The curse of alcoholism can only be managed and controlled with the help of providing youngsters with information that can force them to pursue a treatment. As a counter measure, the government can issue prolonged imprisonment to those who indulge themselves in too much drinking. The alternative course of action will be based on integrating legal system and empowering it in order to make it capable of taking appropriate actions against alcoholism. The secondary plan is based on negatively enforcing the right behaviors in youth and this is going to be activated in case of an execution failure of the first one. In the deep sense, both of the plans are one thing because after apprehending the offenders, they will be subjected to psychological treatment. The only difference that may be present in both of the plans can stem from the sequence of activities. The first plan is planned to engage the youngsters in becoming the part of rehab groups willingly and the other one is designed to use a slight firmer hand that can lead to the same goal. In short, the plans are developed in the light of a universal law that goes by the name of equi-finality. The outcomes of interest include the growth of information about ill-effects of drugs in youth that in turn lead them to pursue treatment. The studies that have tested the phenomenon of drug use in youth of England on an empirical basis will be very useful in the process of developing an effective literature review (Altman, 1999). The descriptive studies that have reported group differences across genders and various age groups will be of great help and the causal studies that effectively and scientifically identified several variables that decrease and increase drug use in youth will also be included in the literature review. Methods of Review and Search Strategy The electronic libraries of Google Scholar, Phoenix and Ashford Universities will be searched for research articles that contain information about the problem of alcoholism and drug use in youth of England. The articles published in the past decade will be included. The articles will be downloaded to a local computer and then, they will be read thoroughly and at a final stage, their key findings will be reported in a summary pattern. The suggestions and recommendations for policy makers will also be built. The rigor element of the review will be fulfilled by selecting recent studies that will help the research team in terms of knowing what is exactly happening in regard to the issue at hand. The Boolean characters will be deployed as a means for conducting the search and the additional databases that will be searched include PubMed, CINAHL, Index Medicius and OVID. Study Selection Criteria and Procedures The studies that have tested the issue on the empirical grounds will be given a priority in terms of building a literature review. The studies that include youngsters of England as a target population will be reviewed intensively because they are the most relevant ones to the subject matter of the assignment. The rigor will also be enhanced as the research team will review the highly relevant studies that have specifically discussed the issue of alcoholism and drug-use in the English youth. The interventions that the study will most likely suggest are based on motivational interviewing and counseling because psychological treatments that are performed with the help of medications can lead to further complications to say the least (Parahoo 2006). The dosage of material that an individual is addicted to will be reduced over the passage of time and a positive belief will be implanted in his or her mind by constructing a healthier self image. The patients are particularly guided towards developing themselves professionally (Peat 2002) and some of them may join school again. But, the main idea of therapy is to engage them in some kind of positive and healthy activities and the prescription of daily exercise will be given to everyone of them. The proposed interventions will be compared with negative enforcement techniques because they are the most commonly used methods of treatment before the conceptualization of less aggressive techniques. The outcomes of the study will be measured with the help of quantifying the level of information that patients have about ill-effects of drug use on human health as the proposed intervention is based on information management (Portney 2009). The second most important and valuable outcome is to make the youngsters withdraw from drug use. The major reason that forces anyone to take drugs and alcohol is the need to feel on the top of the world and the professional engagement can do the same by increasing one’s prosperity (Rowntree 2000). Finally, the review of empirical studies will be the main threshold of the research as they test the relationships of the variables scientifically (Sliverman 2005). The recommendations and suggestions based on scientific data can be very useful regarding uprooting and controlling the problem of alcoholism in the English society. The overall objective of the review is to find out that what is done in the area of alcoholism and how it can be used to better the situation in England. Data Synthesis The data and information that will be gathered during the search will have to be presented in a logical and presentable way (Morrow 2005). The rule of induction will be followed in order to disseminate the data to the audience in an understandable manner (Denscombe, 2003). The studies’ key findings and messages are going to be grouped according to their methodological styles and then, the results are grouped according to the nature (Malterud 2001). The results will finally be used in making a proposal of suggestions that may be used to control and managed the featured problem. The results of the reviewed studies will be taken and treated as deductive realities and then, they will be joined so that a common theme can be developed and generalized treatment to the problem can be identified and implemented subsequently. The problem of alcoholism is increasing as youngsters do not have an opportunity to experience legitimate excitement in their lives. The English culture has been known to preserve cultural and traditional norms and therefore, there is not enough room for the youngsters to exercise creativity and innovation (Pelto 1968). The inability to do what humans want to do often translates and manifests itself into the form of frustration and anger and if these issues remain unresolved over the long period of time then, they may guide youngsters towards drug use and alcoholism and that is what happening to the next generation of England. When social and psychological scientists talk about managing the above-stated problem then, they are actually trying to tell people that a large scale societal change is required and English families need joint psychotherapies in order to help their children in overcoming their problems. The intra-family communication levels are dropping and because of this reason, the parents and children are not willing to share their problems and issues with each other. The children of the country are feeling neglected and they are frustrated to say the least. Their miserable feelings are continually being translated into undesirable behaviors and as oil to the fire; the media is portraying the image of strength and courage along with drug use. The trend leads youngsters who are already emotionally and intellectually compromise in the direction of a pit-hole of alcoholism. The families of England are suggested and recommended to pay close attention to their children’s issues and problems while, setting aside the need to preserve traditions and norms. The culture is converging in all parts of the world and all kids want to have fun in their lives and they want to pursue their interests (Barreto 2000). The parents have to understand and appreciate the changing paradigm but in the case of English society, they are fighting the force of change and therefore, their juniors are becoming more and more addictive to drugs and alcohol. The role of media in spreading the demon of alcoholism in the community is secondary in nature but that of families is the primary one. The role of family is significant in this regard because they are the ones who are sending their children on the road of damnation by neglecting them and their psychological needs. Study Quality and Assessment Procedures The study that will be based on reviewing the studies which have discussed the issue of alcoholism and drug use in the English youth will surely fulfill the P element of the assessment procedure. The interventions of engaging the youngsters in healthy activities that can result in the betterment of the society and help the youth in feeling high will take care of the I element. The outcomes of interest are to engage the youth in positive activities so they can feel good about themselves by being useful to the society. Finally, the studies that have empirically linked several causes with the problems are going to reveal the most usable data and information. Research Governance and Ethics The research team will ensure that all of the respondents have the knowledge of theie rights whereas, they will be informed about their privilege to quit the participation whenever they feel uncomfortable. The literature that is going to be used in order to develop the literature review will be accessed with prior and explicit permission of the creators. Findings The key highlights of the proposal are as follows: - The problem of alcoholism is significantly growing in the English society The use of drugs and alcohol is being continually induced by media that is portraying the images of strength, courage and manhood with abusive substances The social exchange theory along with social learning theory is playing a significant hand in terms of spreading drugs in the culture The internet and big screen media are being used by companies to promote their products The governments all around the world are setting bans on marketing and advertisement of drugs and because of this reason, the companies have to use movies as a medium of getting the word across The English society is famous for using alcohol as a ceremonial token but this tradition is rapidly changing and people are getting more and more addictive The rigid social system and setup of England is also aggravating the problem because it is not letting the youngsters to pursue their dreams freely Conclusion This proposal has reviewed and analyzed the causes of growing alcoholism in the English culture superficially and found that the media is playing a very notable role in the aggravation of the problem. The media is apparently being used as a prime marketing and advertising channel by companies that produce cigarettes and alcoholic products. The English culture was the one that used alcohol as a ceremonial drink in the past but media has changed it all together because the demand was lowering and as a response, the companies decided to make their products more appealing to the youth (Mosher & Johnsson 2005). The current scenario in the business of alcohol is telling the world that the marketing tactic is a success as substantial proportion of the next generation is addicted to at least one kind of spell. References Abbott, P. (1998). Research methods for nurses and caring professions Open University Press, Buckingham. Altman, D. (1999). Practical statistics formedical research Chapman and Hall, London Badelt, C., & Weiss, P. (1990). Specialization, Product Differentiation and Ownership Structure in Personal Social Services: The Case of Nursery Schools. Kyklos Vol 43, no.1 , 69–89. 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