Problems of the Heart Failure - Research Paper Example

no. Resent research Work on the prevention on Heart Failure Heart diseases including stroke have exactedtremendous health risks to many people especially the elderly across the world. Other than health problems to the patients, the heart failure with its related diseases are associated with early deaths, personal and family disruptions, disabilities, income loss, and intensive medical expenditures among other associated damages (Estruch et al. 03). These problems and damages usually cut across all nature and types of humanity including young and old, men and women, all racial and ethical groups, as well as rich and poor (Luepker 02). Notably, the increased cases of heart attacks and failures usually increases the dependency both family members and the nations; thus, increasing health care costs. Therefore, numerous research works and researchers have embarked on the work that aims at determining the prevention measure to the heart failure and its associated implication and difficulties. In the past 30 to forty years, numerous and tremendous have been conducted towards determining the preventive measures of the cardiovascular diseases (CVD). For instance, research studies showed that in the year 1960, CVD mortality rate decreased with more than fifty percent in the United States. This marked a vital step in reducing the effects of CVD mortality rate and the major contributor to this reduction was pegged on the prevention measures to the heart failure. Among the initiative to this effect was the treatment of the CVD patients (American Heart Association et al. 02). Nearly, four decades ago, smoking and dietary habits, hypertension and dyslipidemia treatments, inpatients and outpatients’ acute CVD treatment and therapy respectively were marked as the effective measures that improved or reduced the effects including the mortality rate of the heart failure Aronson et al. 02). Despite these decades CVD prevention measures and subsequent improvements, some of the research works on the prevention on Heart Failure have never been successful; hence, numerous researchers have recently embarked on other research work works to determine additional and effective prevention mechanisms that will help in reducing CVD effects and morbidity as well as mortality rates (Estruch et al. 05). Many research works have been interested in the contribution of the dietary to the heart related diseases, but still with adherence to their proposed diets, heart related diseases are still threatening humanity. Thus, in the year 2010, Ramon Estruch among other researcher embarked on the mechanisms of preventing the CVD. In their research work “Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with a Mediterranean Die”, they involved observational cohort studies among other secondary prevention vials to determine any possible association “between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular risk” (Estruch et al. 01). The characteristics of the traditional Mediterranean diet includes high intake of fruits, olive, nuts, cereals and vegetables; moderate intake of poultry and fish, and low dairy products intake including processed meats, red meat, and sweets (Luepker 20). This dietary also includes moderate intake of wine served with meals. In this research’s observational cohort studies and trials of secondary trials, they determined that increased and intense adherence to the Mediterranean diet are immensely beneficial to the CVD risks. Notably, the systematic review ranks the Mediterranean diet as the most effective and preferred model that can provide effective protection against CVD associated diseases including the coronary heart disease. It worth noting that this study was not only pegged on observation but also on uncovered plausible clinical trials that explained concisely that the biological mechanisms determines the salutary effects of food pattern. Methodology of the Study The study was a parallel grouped, randomized, and multi-centered trial. The authors conducted all these designs and trials and the institutional review boards approving the protocol at all locations of the study. The study alludes to the high level of competence, completeness, and accuracy of the data and data analysis; therefore, the entire study. The supplemental foods that were used for this study were in form of donation and such donations were from different organizations. However, none of the food donators or sponsors had any active role in the research design, trial, data collection, and analysis, as well as reporting of the results. The participants were selected in a randomized manner with men between the age of 55 and 80 and women between the age 60 and 80 were considered legible for the study. Notably, at the enrolment time, all the participants had no signs or never been diagnosed with cardiovascular disease. There are usually at least two major types of diabetes mellitus; these were associated with at least three major risk factors that included smoking, elevated low and low high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, hypertension, premature coronary heart disease associated with the family history, and obesity or overweight (US department of health & Human services 02). The participants were subjected to different dietary measures and the study started in the year 2003 and the final, results of analysis were collected in the year 2010. It worth noting that other than the trials, the study also involved the use of general medical and Minnesota Leisure-Time Physical Activity questionnaires that were administered on a yearly basis. The same questionnaires provided data that were used to calculate energy and nutrient intake. The participants were also subjected to direct measurements of height, weight, and waist circumferences. Statistical Analysis The sample of this study was initially estimated to comprise of 9000 participants. Generally, these participants provided 80 percent statistical power that was used to determine the relative risk of nearly 20 percent reduction in the health effect per Mediterranean diet group. The same effect was analyzed against the controlled diet group for nearly four consecutive years of the study. The involved researcher assumed that their study was nearly 12 percent with the controlled group. In the year 2008, the reevaluation of the participants revealed that only 7400 were actively involved and with the 6 years from the day of research commencement, the researcher determined that they controlled between 8.8 and 6.6 percent of the research effectively compared to the 12 percent that they controlled from the onset of the project (. This is an indication that at the end of the research, the year 2010, the data generated was effective enough for an informed conclusion and recommendation for the study. The research trials indicated that unrestricted energy of the Mediterranean diet supplemented with other extra virgin foodstuffs including nuts and or olive oil led to an absolute risk reduction. This results and conclusion was concluded from nearly three fundamental cardiovascular events analyzed from 1000 persons per year. The same reduced the relative CVD risks by nearly 30 percent (Luepker 17). This result is quite relevant to the heart diseases that are associated with overweight or obesity since this food mixture or diet is associated or leads to weight reduction and maintaining such weight loss. Additionally, some trail indicated that coronary heart diseases reduce with modification of Mediterranean diet especially with the enrichment with alpha linolenic acid. Moreover, according to the results of the research, it was determined that stroke can be reduced significantly if two Mediterranean diet groups could be used together per dietary. This result is consistent with the epidemiologic studies. This study showed that there is inverse relationship between the Mediterranean diet including consumption of olive oil and incident stroke. The primary CVD preventions are largely related to dietary (Estruch et al. 03). Numerous researches determining the active measures that must be undertake to help in reducing Heart Failure and associated diseases have determined that the major means of preventing such diseases is through effective use of healthy diet. Notably, even the above 40 decades research works indicated the same. Therefore, it is worth noting that the only fundamental means of preventing Heart Failure among other CVD diseases is to use healthy dietary. Works Cited American Heart Association/American Stroke Association; National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP), CDC; & Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services et al. Heart Disease And Stroke Prevention: Time For Action. Retrieved November 13, 2013 web < http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/action_plan/pdfs/action_plan_3of7.pdf > Aronson, Doron et al. Pulmonary Hypertension, Right Ventricular Function, and Clinical Outcome in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure. Journal of Cardiac Failure. Volume 19, Issue 10, Pages 665-671. Estruch, Ramon et al. Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with a Mediterranean Diet. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2010. Retrieved November 13, 2013, web < http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1200303#t=article> Luepker, Russell V. Careers in Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevention. Circulation. 2013. Retrieved November 13, 2013, web < http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/120/6/533.full> US department of health & Human services. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Task Force Report on Research in Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease. Nation heart, lung, and blood institute. 2012. Retrieved November 13, 2013, web < http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/resources/docs/cvdrpt.htm> Read More