Climate Change - Research Paper Example

?Topic: Climatic Changes Table of Content Introduction Pg no Historical and Archeological Evidences Pg no. 3 Challenges of Global Dimming Pg no. 4Economic Challenges Pg no. 5 Threat to U.S Security Pg no. 6 Precautions Pg no. 6 Conclusion Pg no. 7 Bibliography Pg no. 8 INTRODUCTION: Climatic change is a long term change in its statistical properties for about a decade or even millions of years. It can occur for number of reasons which takes the issue into deeper aspects of changes and its reasons. A climatic change somehow depends on the Human Activity in this living world and it is inter related to whatever activity is done somehow affects the weather, it can either be a positive change or a negative change which can also be alarming for the social beings living on this globe. It cannot be denied that GLOBAL WARMING was under consideration by almost every country and different measures are been taken to prevent but it is required on a very large scale with a contribution of every individual living in. It can be done in a lot of ways for example promote plantation, avoid using plastic products as it a non-biodegradable item and a main source of pollution, energy conservation, recycling of goods, preservation of natural resources, and banning the burning of fossil fuels which contributes highly in the destruction of the ozone layer which works as an umbrella or a shelter from strong sun radiations affecting the globe directly .All these factors are causing Global Warming which works as a driving force for the fluctuations in Climatic System. Climatic change does not only affect the nature but majorly affects the living beings. Whereas, drastic changes are coming up because of the activities done by the masses for worldly pleasures for which natural resources are continuously been misused and immeasurably been wasted. There are some major changes in the climatic system which occurs because of the rise in temperatures of the living world. Human Influences is directly propostional to the global warming. Following are Sub-reasons for the change in climate cycle: Orbital Variations Solar Output Volcanism Ocean Variability Plate Tectonics These are the regions where fluctuations occurs and affect the globe and each will be discussed thoroughly further in this report. It is recorded previously in surveys that Climatic Changes are affecting adversely on Biodiversity. This is alarming for the species which are already left with a handful numbers like Polar Bears, Indus Dolphins and many more. They are getting affected because of the change in eco-system occurring because of the changes in the earth’s crust. As the global temperature rises, it starts throwing off to cool down. Volcanic Eruptions is one of the cooling processes, when done with the eruption, the temperature of the globe drops down to 0.5 degrees. Same is the case is with Earthquakes and Ocean Variability. Footnote: (Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia) Historical and Archeological Evidences: It is studied in the continuous research being done in this aspect and different historical and archeological evidences are pouring in that how the climate used to be in a particular region and how it has become after several years. Civilization changes also predict to a certain level of how the climate probably was. According to archeological evidences, researchers have put their efforts on different areas of life through which they might get to the key. Some of the under consideration areas of life which can predict or can give a clue to the present world that climatic cycle have changed to what extent and whether good or bad. The following are: Glacier changes: Glaciers are the most sensitive indicator of the climate change because of its immediate reaction to any changes in the temperature. There are two things which can contribute in the shrinkage and growth of the glaciers, they are orbital variability and external forcing. Evidences are found because glaciers leaves moraines that contain an anonymous amount of material including organic matter ,potassium and Quartz through which dates can easily be identified. Vegetation: Increase in the temperatures resulted in better vegetation and plant growth in different regions which leads to an appropriate decrease in Carbon dioxide. But abrupt changes have been notified in the land demarcation because of climate change resulting in isolation of plantation in the form of island and valleys. Therefore, a lot of plant and animal species were extinct as it leads to the shortage of food and inappropriate habitat for several species. Pollen analysis: All pollens have different texture, design and sizes and are very resilient in decaying , this is why have been found in different regions like river deltas and plant communities. This uncovers the truth of presence of different species of plant in the regions where it now not possible to find. Precipitation: Precipitation gauges are there to retrieve that how much land is now been taken by the sea water and what part of the sea bed is now no more a seabed. Dendroclimatology: It is the study of tree rings which changes according to the climatic changes been taken place. If thick rings found, that indicates that well watered land and high rainfall area and if thin rings are found from the same land that obviously tells that low rainfall and not properly watered land. Sea Level: There is an obvious change in the sea level, which is being notified by an orbit satellite. Scientist have measured coral reefs that grow at the ocean coastline. Uranium series and radio carbon with Cosmogenic radionuclide is also a dominant way of dating terraces that have experiences relative sea level. These are the areas where archeologist with geologists have worked together to predict the obvious changes occurred within the span of time. Challenges of Global Dimming: World’s Super powers are also facing a threat by rapid changes in the climate cycles. It is somehow done after the advent of great number of industrialization. The temperature of the globe is increasing and even one degree could make a drastic difference. In this response, the rich countries are more responsible because of their excessive industries which results in the emission of greenhouse gases. A notion of “climate justice” is used by the rich countries which makes it easy for them to blame the countries like China, India and other developing countries. It was reported at the time of Bush Administration that South-West of U.S will going to face a severe Drought in the next 50 years because of the Global Dimming which was first considered to be a positive reaction of the greenhouse emission forming a layer of cloud and reflecting back direct solar energy, but later proved that it effected the crop and agriculture. The rise in population will going to make difficult for the governing bodies to meet hunger crises. Footnote: ( Ed Pilkington in New York , The Guardian, Thursday 29 May 2008) Economic Challenges: Climatic severity is not only affecting the energy and food shortage but simultaneously affecting the economic stability. It was reported in Washington that the trio of John Kerry, D-Mass., Lindsey Graham are trying to pass on the proposal of putting emission cap on electric and gas utilities and a carbon fee to the fueling industry by 2012. Majority of the public is condemning this law and does’nt want government to get this imposed. This issue is still under consideration. Another striking issue to recover from the energy shortage is to expand the coastal areas and start working on offshore drillings but there is still some opposition going within senators with a strong point to deliver that offshore drillings could cost the drainage of billions of dollars each year from the U.S Treasury. Moreover, water shortage is also ringing alarming bells to hydro power industries as there will be a severe shortfall in the rain and snowfall because of the climate change. Alarms is now been passed to political spectrum to get serious measures on the prevention of the global warming. Scientist reported that the changes in climate cycles will lead to severe drought, storms, and heat waves. Footnote: (By Kim Chipman - Apr 26, 2011, By: Jennifer A. Dlouhy, Houston Chronicle) Threat to U.S Security: A report was delivered by blue – ribbon panel of retired admirals that U.S military should take strict measures to enhance and update technology because severe climatic changes can cause disruptions in the radar, whereas rise in sea level is also alarming as sensitive military installations are being done on coastal line so an assessment should be done on regular basis to prevent any mishap as extremity in climatic changes can make impacts in the next twenty to forty years. Energy dependence is considered to be a set of global challenges, as countries which are dependent on other countries for petroleum and gases create a hype to gain their priorities. It is a threat multiplier as disruption in radar in the fragile areas can result in gains of terrorism and extremism. Footnote: ( The CNA Corporation) Precautions: Climate Changes like Global Warming is now no more a news but a serious issue to deal with. Most of the countries on globe have admitted to frame a common and unified way to work on, but this is something which is not easy to regulate. United Nations framed an Intergovernmental panel on Climate Changes (IPCC) in 1988 to assess the changes and its impacts. Later in 1990, IPCC concluded that all these changes and causes are human induced which led to the way in the formation of United Nations Framework Convention on Climatic Changes (UNFCCC) and signed 150 countries at Rio Earth Summit in 1992 which is subjected to certain rules and outline to follow in which rich countries like U.S and E.U are more accountable of greenhouse gas emission and mandatory targets has to be followed. U.S therefore backed out in 1992 because of the restrictions but it is analyzed that 1 U.S citizen is equaled to 19 Indian citizens. It gives a clear idea that developing countries will suffer the most of the consequences of Climate Changes. It is predicted that with the passage of time, most of the countries will back out with the agreement as none will compromise in the development of their country. It is no later that the upcoming consequences will start coming up with uncontrollable force and massive destruction as some of the practical example like Katrina in U.S and Volcanic Eruptions, Earthquakes, Tornadoes, Snaumi are now getting frequent. Conclusion: It is obligatory on every country to think better for the place we all live in. For that purpose a role is subjected to be played which is not only a humanitarian act but a positive act for billions of lives, and species of insects, animals and birds. Development of a country is not fruitful until the climate is in favorable conditions. To live in a peaceful environment and enjoy the bounties of mother earth, we must work every minute to prevent our natural resources and attributes. Bibliography: Kim Chipman - Apr 26, 2011. Jennifer A. Dlouhy, Houston Chronicle. (Ed Pilkington in New York, The Guardian, Thursday 29 May 2008 The CNA Corporation. Climatic Change and its Impact, Martin Beniston- 2004. Climate and Life by Harlow Shapley Climatic Change and the emergence of Civilization, Carl Grant Looney-P.hd Climatic Change and Human Health, Madeliene C Thomas- 2008 Read More