Electronic Interference: the Case of Water and Air Pollution - Essay Example

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) Concepts and Definitions Electromagnetic Interference if “form” of an Environmental hazard; sound pollution, Badden, (2010). This type of pollution is not directly felt, seen and smelt like the case of water and air pollution. It is simply a spectrum type of pollution. Electronic interference is the alteration of or disruption of an electronic system (device) when it is in close proximity to an “electronic field of a radio frequency spectrum” that is a result of another electronic device. This how it happens, the internal circuit of an electronic device sparks off the electronic interference fields at a distance of radio frequency region of an electronic device that cause the EMI. In that case the “cathode ray tube, allows the generation of the EM mobile electrons over a distance range of frequency”. This discharge can interfere with the normal performance of a sensitive wireless receiver around. Practically, if you have a wireless receiver close to you and at the same time operates your electronic device (for instance a mobile phone), sure, you will hear a radio frequency noise in the receiver caused by your mobile device. Sometimes the “high frequency powered wireless transmitters”, discharges “electromagnetic fields” very strong enough that can put off the operating electronic device nearby (Badden, 2010, p. 78). Electromagnetic compatibility According to Baker& Baker (2011), this is when an electronic device is able to function well within an electromagnetic environment, without accepting the effect of “magnetic disturbance caused by radio frequencies”. Electromagnetic compatibility can be studied in two areas: one, it allows the electronic devices to operate satisfactory as intended, within a specified electromagnetic environment. And two, it demonstrates how other electronic devices can operate without the interference of other systems (Baker& Baker, 2011). This can be achieved when EMC pursues two EMI issues; Emission issues and immunity issues. Emission issues are those associated with the sparking of electromagnetic energy from a specified source. This requires a countermeasure to minimize the discharge of energy from escaping into the outside environment. Immunity issues are an indication to the correct operation of electromagnetic equipment (Baker& Baker, 2011, p.78). Electronic spectrum It is composed of six kinds of waves of different types. They include: Ultraviolet light, X-rays, Radio waves, Gamma rays, micro-waves and Infrared waves, Beaglehole and Bonita (2004). To transmit radio and television signals, radio waves are used. The temperatures of areas are monitored by use of infrared waves. Ultraviolet light is useful because makes things grow, but too much of it can “skin cancer”. X-rays are used to find broken bones or “take pitchers of the sun”. In the medical science, gamma rays are of great significance, but most often are used to produce the images of the universe. The rainbow often seen made up of colors, is but a small portion of the large electromagnet spectrum, Damson (2006). On the end of radio waves are” billions of wavelengths longer that the visible light”. While on the other opposite end of the spectrum, are the gamma rays, which are “millions times small than the visible light”. In the spectrum these wavelengths are arranged in the order of their size; longest to the shortest: “Radio waves, Microwaves, Infrared waves, visible light and Ultraviolet” (Damson, 2006). Source: Insulators catalogue, 2006. This is simply illustrated below. Conducting and Transfer or Propagation Receiving or Receptor Radiation Emitting Sources to Medium to Elements                             Communications Transmitters Space Separation Communication Radar and Telemetry Transmitters Shielding Materials Receivers Navigation Transmitters Absorptive Materials Radar & Telemetry Filters Inter-Couplings Receiver local Oscillators Cabling Digital Receivers Power lines Fluorescent Power Lines Lights The simple illustration above reveals three basic elements used to produce electromagnetic interference. They include: “the emission of noise, supplier media and receptors that are significance to propagate alteration or disturbance in the receptors”. The method of propagation that operates between the emitters and receptors responsible for electrical noise are in between “radiation and conduction”. The peculiarity of feature of pollution caused by radio frequency, far of similarity of air and water pollution, is that, in the absence of the cause of this pollution, the spectrum comes back to serve at it is highest efficiency. The challenge however, is that it produces a large number of source-problems involved in spectrum pollution. This again makes it difficult to implement or capitalize on it (Damson, 2006). 1. Approaches for reducing or eliminating EMI The prevailing electromagnetic interferences can be minimized by ensuring that there is a good group of electrical operation. Besides, cables connected to the “peripherals and cords” connecting the end of an electronic device, should be shielded to keep out unwanted radio frequency waves, and energy from entering and leaving. More advanced components for instance “inductors and capacitors” can also be plugged at the power cords. This will ensure a reduced electromagnetic susceptibility in the systems. In case one wants to do any modification on the electronic device it is advisable to contact the manufacture first for possible assistance (Beaglehole and Bonita, 2004).  2. Characteristic of a good electromagnetic compatibility test Should be the one to mitigate electromagnetic interference by, reducing interference levels generated by culprit. Also, increase immunity in of the device being used. Minimize the chance of “coupling path ways”. And lastly, any combination of the above can be more effective (Baker & Baker2011, p.90). 3. An anechoic test. An anechoic chamber is one of the commonest test environments. An anechoic chamber test ensures that interference levels generated by culprit are reduced. This will ensure a reduced electromagnetic susceptibility in the systems. It has proved to minimize coupling path way, and also, reduces the immunity of the electronic (Utilex, 2006). Computational electromagnetic method The first one is the Maxwells equations of hyperbolic PDE form. They are partial differential equations, intended to solve numerical equations. The wave length is called the transverse electric wave. At this time no polarization is present. It can be presented as follows: (Brenda, 2000). The second one is the discrete polar approximation. It is a geometrical computation, which branches from Maxwell equation. It is an approximate of continuum target of polarized points. The dipoles interact in the electric fields waves. Methods of moments (Mom); it is a numerical computation method of solving linear differential equations. It requires the computation of boundary values, rather than values throughout the space. It is also used to calculate the transverse wavelengths. Multi-resolution time-domain (MRTD); it is based on wavelet analysis. It is an alternative to Finite Domain Method (FDTD) (Utilex, 2006). 5. To gain confidence with an electromagnet model, that model should address Electronic interference and how the alteration or disruption of an electronic system (device), comes about. 6. At high radio frequencies it is possible, for current to radiate. For this reason, an ideal shield would perfectly isolate whatever is inside, from whatever is outside. Metals like cooper, aluminum, or steel can equally provide an essential isolation, practically apertures or cable penetrations. 8. The simple calculation is based on the wavelength, particularly of transverse wave length. Based on relative kinetic positioning the error can reduce by 3% (Utilex, 2006). 8. Yes, if not shielded the radio frequency sparked by electoral conductivity will allows the generation of the EM mobile electrons over a distance range of frequency. This discharge can interfere with the normal performance of a sensitive wireless receiver around in the house. 9 (a) I will use more advanced components for instance “inductors and capacitors”. This will ensure a reduced electromagnetic susceptibility in the systems. In case one wants to do any modification on the electronic device, it is advisable to contact the manufacture first for possible assistance (Damson, 2006) 9 (b) At high radio frequencies, metals like cooper, aluminum, or steel can provide an essential isolation that helps in shielding (Cotton, 1958, p. 123). References Badden, B.(2010).Electromagnetic Interference. Retrieved from http://physics.yahoo.com/news/6-Numbers-Every-Investor-usnews-1640754492.html?x=0 Baker, J.J., & Baker, R.W. (2011). Electromagnetic Spectrum (3rd ed.) Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Beaglehole, R., and Bonita, R. (2004). Electromagnetism. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press Brenda, M. (2000).Electromagnetic Compatibility. Auckland, New Zealand: Viking. Cotton, H. (1958). The Transmission and Distribution of Electrical Energy, the English Universities Press, Ltd, London Damson, T (2006). Insulators catalogue http://www.dulmison.com.au/catalogue_files/DulCat/DulSec10web.pdf Jae, Y., (1999). “Journal of Electro-ceramics”, 3, 4, p.361 Krause, K (2006). Electrical Conductivity (2nd ed.). South Melbourne, Vic., Australia: Thomson Utilex, K. (2006). ‘Low tension insulators hardware http://www.utilex.com/lowtension.htm Read More