How the design approach differs from the systems approach used in transport and land use - Essay Example

This makes up the main distinction between the design and systems approach. Within the design approach the role of the user is high. As Ruth and Davidsdottir explain, “The user might also have input to the construction of the framework, identifying inter- and intra-sectoral dynamics that must be represented, and identifying potential tensions (…) and designing relevant variables to expose tensions” (Ruth & Davidsdottir, 2009, p. 100). They also add that both experts and end users have to be asked while resolving the issues of input/output disaggregation, or more detailed framework construction.

Thus, design appears to be the product of “iterations through computer simulation, learning and innovation from the user, and repeated simulation” (Ruth & Davidsdottir, 2009, p. 100). An example of design approach employed to land use was found on the Internet. On the “Hills and Forrest” website that is powered by a team of International Golf Course architects, the design approach to land use in this sphere can be seen. It is based on a few core principles illustrated by questions and practical applications: 1) Key is Communication.

This rule suggests listening to the client and attempting to understand what he/she would like to achieve. Questions: How will the development be positioned? What are the goals of the development process? 2) Develop the Routing. This suggests close cooperation with the land planner, team members, and engineers. “Design workshop. Use of latest technology. Computer graphics and simulations” (Arthurhills.Com, 2011). 3) Utilize Industry Resources. This suggests going through permitting and approvals process.

Qualified contractors, agronomists, irrigation consultants, etc need be recommended at this point. 4) How to Measure Success? Check all development goals and see whether the object corresponds to the set characteristics. (Arthurhills.Com). Furthermore, design approach to land use is about building safe constructions in the areas that are recognized hazardous (Burby, 1998 ) This kind of land use allows economic benefits to be released, yet this might happen at the cost of bigger loss of natural resources and values.

In addition, the susceptibility of bigger damage is an issue especially taking into account the possibility of events overpower. In this context, to manage the development of design, regulatory and non-regulatory techniques may be employed by communities. As for the former, they contain building codes and separate ordinances which require specific actions, e.g. elevating structures above expected flood levels, bracing constructions to reduce damage from shaking of the ground during earthquakes, and using hurricane clips that will ensure roofs remain attached to the houses even in high winds.

As for the non-regulatory techniques within the design approach, they deal with providing public information, as well as various training programs aimed at informing builders and house owners of specific design techniques that are damage-resistant (Burby, 1998). The systems approach focuses on reducing the elaborate details of the planning process (e.g. transport) to a few principal steps. These are usually definition of the problem, data collection, forecasting plus analysis, evaluation of the plan, and its