Computer Numerical Control Machines - Essay Example

Computer Numerical Control Machines Name: Institution: Date: 3 axis CNC mill A Computer Numerical Control (CNC) is one in which the functions and motions of a machine tool are controlled as a result of a prepared program containing coded alphanumeric data. 3 axis CNC mill is rapid prototyping technology for cutting materials that are often quite forgiving such as rigid foam or insulation and is related to craft in the sense that for different materials and shapes a different strategy is devised. The use of 3 axis CNC milling machines is reliable for some reasons that depend on the number of reasons related to stock holding capabilities, materials costs, finish and accuracy requirements, the workpiece properties, the size of production among others. The 3 axis mills are designed to give the best accuracy, speed, and efficient memory usage. The mills have intricate and straightforward parts capable of being precisely and rapidly cut with a high-quality tool path. It is possible to modify the cycles in all the 3 axis mills to avoid another area and provide options for retracting to reduce travel distance between re-entry and retract moves. There is a significant benefit of using the 3 axis CNC milling machine because there is a possibility of modeling the whole machining element including the parts of the computer, clamps, fixtures and stocks. Depending on what you require, as much or as less can be modeled. The machine can split instances of the same part and produce individual features and operations. The device is capable of Cutting large sheets of material such as plywood sheets, milling large terrain models, and it is easy to grind half-rounded objects since the cutting tool in the factory can only machine from one side, and rubbing fully round objects (Kim et al. 2010). Machine vice A machine vice is a clamping device applicable in securely holding a workpiece when operating a machine tool, such as milling machine or drill press. The vice is different from the woodworking and metalworking tools since it is fixed to the table of the mill tool instead of a work bench. The machine vice has mounted the table of the milling machine or the mill press with the purpose of relieving the hands of the user from holding the workpiece during milling, drilling, or completing the task of same nature. The need for a machine vice is motivated by the danger in the machining operations thus the use of the clamp reduces the level of risk that is involved when the workpiece is held by the user. The vice also allows the operators to produce super-accurate and precise machining projects since the machine vice can be aligned perfectly with the drill bits or cutters of the machines before they are secured into a place. The vices are utilized in holding materials of different nature ranging from plastic and wood to metallic (Zhu et al. 2011). Electronic touch probe An electronic touch probe is a fully touch probe with fully automated setup, measuring and monitoring functions for workpiece and tool measurement on machine tools, particularly for machining centers and milling machine. Used in connection with the modern CNC control devices, electronic touch probes can even be controlled by programs thereby reducing the cost. An electronic touch probe poses a complete series of technologically revitalizing features, such as the large deflection path with a rated break point in the stylus, the integrated flasher/blower jets for cleaning the measuring point, and the contact-free optical sensors. The use of a mechanical adapter between the taper shank and the touch probe gives an additional collision protection by also protecting the housing of the contact probe. The probe is also fixed with integrated switch that deactivates the ready signal and control tops the machine reducing the damage that can be incurred by any incorrect tilting movement (Liu and Zhu, 2017). The electronic touch probes are utilized for automatic workpiece setting. The probes establish the exact location of a workpiece so that the machining program can be aligned with it. The use of the probe reduces part-setting time by a significant percentage, automatically updates work offsets, removes and variation in part setting and standard errors, reducing rework and scrap materials and reducing fixture costs. Tool holding Devices that act as the interchangeable interface between a cutting tool and a machine tool spindle so that the efficiency of either of the elements such as concentricity, gauges, balancing and holding strength are not made to look less impressive or valuable. Work holding devices are utilized to steadily keep the work for accurate drilling of holes and managing safe drilling operations. Large CNC machines and manual machines apply tool holder that are firmly ground with a male taper that mates with the machine’s particular female taper. The tool holder must be secured in a place. The pull studs are standard with the CNC machines because it gives room for easier automated tool changing. ER 16 holder ER 16 holder is made from alloy spring steel and hardened to HRC 44-48 and is slotted from both ends, thereby compressing from one end to the other upon tightening. The effect is providing a better grip on the cutter shank as well as allowing variations usually 1 mm in shank sizes that may be used in a single collet. The holders can handle a broad range of machining jobs and are available for drilling, milling, and high-speed applications (García-Lerma et al. 2010). 6-face mill arbor 40mm A face mill is a cutter that is suitable for high-speed machining and is designed for facing as opposed to creating a pocket. The mill is composed of strong, lightweight cutter body with the cutting edge located along the sides of the face mill with deep chip pockets for quick removal of metals. The mill always cuts horizontally at a particular depth from the outside direction. The combination of multiple teeth usually disposable carbide inserts allows for enormous amounts and efficient face milling. There are a wide variety of grades for many of the workplace materials such as aluminum, high-temperature alloys, irons and steels improving the surface finish, dimensional accuracy, flatness, and the removal rates of the metals. Face mills are stronger and applicable when there is the need to make flat surfaces that are 90degress to the spindle axis. Face mills are the most appropriate when a significant amount of work is required done over a short time span (Kesavan, 2010). End mill 8mm An end mill is a type of cutting tool, milling cutter utilized in industrial milling applications. The machines are fixed with cutting teeth at one end as well as on the sides. The distinction that exists between end mill and the drill bit is in its geometry, application, and manufacture. The end mill is capable of cutting in all the directions, though others cannot cut axially, whereas a drill bit can only reduce in the axial direction. The words end mills are used about flat bottom cutters, with the inclusion of the rounded cutters and radiused cutters. The end mills are the most common machines applicable in vertical mills and are made from cemented carbide or high-speed steel with one or more flutes. End mills are used when there is a desire to create a flat surface on the same axis as the spindle, using its sides. An end mill usually has four flutes, and they are used to cut keyways which are not blind and is a facing cutting when used on a parallel machine. The shell end mill is preferred when the many of the cuttings are on the side of the work since it can remove more materials owing to the longer cutting edge. Drill (high-speed steel) 6mm High-speed steel is a type of tool steels mostly used in drill bits and power saw blades. The drill bits are tools for cutting that are used when removing materials to create holes, usually of circular cross-section. They are made of a high-speed steel of medium alloy that poses the quality of good performance and excellent machinability. The drill bits are of different sizes and shapes and are capable of creating different kinds of holes in many different materials. High-speed steel display wear resistance quality, toughness and hardness feature making it attractive in a wide range of uses, especially in the drill bits. When creating holes, the drill bits are fixed to the drills, which are the source of power for them to cut through the material, basically by rotation. The grill grips the upper end of the bit known as the shank in the chuck. Compared to the older carbon steel machines that were used in the 1940s, the drill presents superior quality and applicability since it is capable of withstanding high temperatures without losing its hardness (temper). The drills made from high-speed steel are, therefore, capable of cutting at a faster speed than the high carbon steel. The grill made from high-speed steel at room temperatures, when treated with the specified heat conditions, display high abrasion resistance and hardness (Kesavan, 2010). References García-Lerma, J. G., Cong, M. E., Mitchell, J., Youngpairoj, A. S., Zheng, Q., Masciotra, S., ... & Pau, C. P. (2010). Intermittent prophylaxis with oral truvada protects macaques from rectal SHIV infection. Science translational medicine, 2(14), 14ra4-14ra4. Kesavan, R. (2010). Machine tools. Laxmi Publications, Ltd.. Kim, B. S., Ro, S. K., & Park, J. K. (2010). Development of a 3-axis desktop milling machine and a CNC system using advanced modern control algorithms. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, 11(1), 39-47. Liu, X., & Zhu, W. (2017). Development of a fiber optical occlusion based non-contact automatic tool setter for a micro-milling machine. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 43, 12-17. Zhu, Q. Q., Jiang, P. Y., Huang, G. Q., & Qu, T. (2011). Implementing an industrial product-service system for CNC machine tool. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 52(9-12), 1133-1147. Read More

Electronic touch probe An electronic touch probe is a fully touch probe with fully automated setup, measuring and monitoring functions for workpiece and tool measurement on machine tools, particularly for machining centers and milling machine. Used in connection with the modern CNC control devices, electronic touch probes can even be controlled by programs thereby reducing the cost. An electronic touch probe poses a complete series of technologically revitalizing features, such as the large deflection path with a rated break point in the stylus, the integrated flasher/blower jets for cleaning the measuring point, and the contact-free optical sensors.

The use of a mechanical adapter between the taper shank and the touch probe gives an additional collision protection by also protecting the housing of the contact probe. The probe is also fixed with integrated switch that deactivates the ready signal and control tops the machine reducing the damage that can be incurred by any incorrect tilting movement (Liu and Zhu, 2017). The electronic touch probes are utilized for automatic workpiece setting. The probes establish the exact location of a workpiece so that the machining program can be aligned with it.

The use of the probe reduces part-setting time by a significant percentage, automatically updates work offsets, removes and variation in part setting and standard errors, reducing rework and scrap materials and reducing fixture costs. Tool holding Devices that act as the interchangeable interface between a cutting tool and a machine tool spindle so that the efficiency of either of the elements such as concentricity, gauges, balancing and holding strength are not made to look less impressive or valuable.

Work holding devices are utilized to steadily keep the work for accurate drilling of holes and managing safe drilling operations. Large CNC machines and manual machines apply tool holder that are firmly ground with a male taper that mates with the machine’s particular female taper. The tool holder must be secured in a place. The pull studs are standard with the CNC machines because it gives room for easier automated tool changing. ER 16 holder ER 16 holder is made from alloy spring steel and hardened to HRC 44-48 and is slotted from both ends, thereby compressing from one end to the other upon tightening.

The effect is providing a better grip on the cutter shank as well as allowing variations usually 1 mm in shank sizes that may be used in a single collet. The holders can handle a broad range of machining jobs and are available for drilling, milling, and high-speed applications (García-Lerma et al. 2010). 6-face mill arbor 40mm A face mill is a cutter that is suitable for high-speed machining and is designed for facing as opposed to creating a pocket. The mill is composed of strong, lightweight cutter body with the cutting edge located along the sides of the face mill with deep chip pockets for quick removal of metals.

The mill always cuts horizontally at a particular depth from the outside direction. The combination of multiple teeth usually disposable carbide inserts allows for enormous amounts and efficient face milling. There are a wide variety of grades for many of the workplace materials such as aluminum, high-temperature alloys, irons and steels improving the surface finish, dimensional accuracy, flatness, and the removal rates of the metals. Face mills are stronger and applicable when there is the need to make flat surfaces that are 90degress to the spindle axis.

Face mills are the most appropriate when a significant amount of work is required done over a short time span (Kesavan, 2010). End mill 8mm An end mill is a type of cutting tool, milling cutter utilized in industrial milling applications. The machines are fixed with cutting teeth at one end as well as on the sides. The distinction that exists between end mill and the drill bit is in its geometry, application, and manufacture. The end mill is capable of cutting in all the directions, though others cannot cut axially, whereas a drill bit can only reduce in the axial direction.

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