Persistent Issues and Maintaining Companies Competitiveness - Report Example

Assignment Two Name: University: Date: Executive Summary Continuing innovation is needed to manage persistent issues and to maintain companies’ competitiveness at the local level, and as evidenced in the report, engineering is the basis of this innovation. So as to be ready to join the labour force and succeed in this global economy that is ever changing, engineers must be capable to effectively pool resources in teams, as leaders, as well as with their cohorts. Along with their analytical as well as technical expertise, engineers must be resilient, flexible, innovative, compassionate, and be able to identify and seize opportunities. As indicated in the report, engineering innovation is beyond research and development since it involves an endways process, in a way that value is achieved through the implementation. Innovation entails: generating or creating novel processes, products, activities, as well as services; viewing things from a various point of view; improving current functions as well as processes; proliferating new ideas or activities; and implementing process that have worked effectively somewhere else. Engineering innovation is exceedingly significant to any company since it is associated closely with productivity. Even though there are numerous paths to improved productivity, engineering innovation remains to be the best avenue. These days, engineering practice calls for a wide scope of skills: not just technical skills, but as well a knowledge of business and finance, management, leadership, innovation as well as entrepreneurship. Repeatedly, engineers appreciate the significance of these skills immediately after joining the labour force. The report presents a critical review of the nature as well as significance of innovation and entrepreneurship for engineers; illustrate how engineering innovations have impacted on plant and factory environments; and profile recent innovative achievements at GM Holden Ltd. Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction Entrepreneurship as mentioned by Babu Krishna, and Swathi (2013) is the professional utilisation of competencies, skills, and knowledge and/or of monetizing a novel idea; by a person or a group of persons through inaugurating an enterprise or branching out from the present one, so as to achieve growth while creating employment and wealth for social good. Innovation is the cornerstone of an enterprise, and it connotes endeavouring to carry out activities in a different way or to execute various activities so as to allow the entrepreneur provide a matchless mixture of value. Therefore, innovation value is to offer access for entrepreneurship, which involves aggressively seeking opportunities to perform new things or to perform current things uniquely. So, engineering innovation, prompt and drive the best entrepreneurship in directing activities within the company in whatever novel directions. Innovation as stated by Babu Krishna, and Swathi (2013) should be dictated by customer preferences as well as market conditions, in so doing, satisfying customers and benefiting the stakeholders. Holden Ltd will be the focus of the study, which was established in 1856 when it began as a business for saddlery in South Australia. Currently, Holden designs, creates and sells automobiles both locally and internationally, and its success has mainly been attributed to engineering innovation. Holden engineering innovation is evidenced by the production of VF Commodore, which is undoubtedly the most innovative vehicle ever manufactured in Australia. But the report will mainly focus on Active Fuel Management (AFM), which was mainly designed to reduce emission of greenhouse gases and to improve fuel efficiency (Holden, 2012). 2.0 Recent Innovative Achievements of Holden At Holden, product innovation is the path to becoming future friendly. Jerinabi and Santhi (2012) define product innovation as the manufacture and the consequent introduction of a service or good, which is either new or a value-added form of earlier services or goods. A business that can differentiate their product from those of their competitors will largely be able to gain huge amount of revenues. Holden’s Volt, an electric vehicle, exemplifies engineering innovation. By means of new technologies development as well as vehicles powered by substitute fuel, Holden has managed to design, create and vend innovative cars, which significantly offer lower costs of running and reduce air pollution. The company is devoted to on-going work on sustainable and renewable energy systems so as to power its various cars. Using the petrol combustion engine so as to reduce Holden impact to the environment has been a crucial element in the company’s range of sustainable transport. A number of fuel saving innovations reinforce the Ecoline portfolio of Holden: fist is the Spark Ignition Direction Injection (SIDI) system that allows for improved fuel economy in vehicles with six cylinders as compared to those with four cylinders. Besides that, the Active Fuel Management (AFM) technology on Holden’s V8 engines briefly de-activates half of the eight cylinders in particular driving circumstances when a lesser amount of engine power is needed. This as stated by Holden (2012) reduces emissions greenhouse gases and enhances fuel efficiency while at the same time sustaining performance and power. The petrol engine integrated with Intelligent Turbo Induction offers improved performance, and its fuel economy begins at only 10.3 litters per 100 miles. Moreover, the LPG and flex-fuel vehicles manufactured locally generate real world solutions to challenges of sustainability. Holden flex-fuel range enables vehicles to run on bio-ethanol, premium or regular petrol. Engineering innovation at Holden has resulted in product innovations such as the Volt, which is undoubtedly the first long distance electric vehicle in Australia that makes use of both a petrol generator and battery to cover hundreds of extra miles after the depletion of the battery. In comparison with other vehicles of similar size, the volt can save almost 1,890 litters of fuel years based on 14913 miles of travel. Bio-ethanol as a fuel is an engineering innovation product at Holden; E85 fuel is a mixture of almost 15 per cent petrol and 85 per cent ethanol. Engineering analysis exhibits that almost 20 to 40 per cent of the non-renewable carbon emissions is reduced by Australian E85 in contrast to using petrol as the main fuel. Further innovation to this technology will potentially diminish the E85 emissions by almost 90 per cent, in contrast to petrol. At Holden, every petrol version of Captiva as well as Commodore is factory fitted with the capability of flex fuel. Another notable innovative technology at Holden is the utilization of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) as the main fuel in its cars: the company made available the dedicated LPG system in 2012 in both the Caprice as well as Commodore models. As mentioned by Holden (2012), the purpose-built Liquefied Petroleum Gas Commodore provide enhanced ecological qualifications and reduce running costs; thus realizing merely 304.2 grams of carbon per mile for sedan that is incorporate with the LPG Omega. The last fuel innovation at Holden is the innovative diesel technology that naturally releases less carbon as compared to its petrol counterparts and attains superior fuel efficiency. The diesel engine models at Holden consist of the Colorado, Epica, Captiva, and Cruze, cars. Innovatively, engineers at Holden have designed the cars in a way that resist collision. As defined by Holden (2012), a collision is the contest between the safety features of the vehicle and the impact energy. And given that safety is paramount in the automotive industry, Holden has and continues to observe both the local and international safety standards in all its innovative products. Safety made engineers at Holden to introduce the Adaptive Occupant Restraint System that comprises a curtain and side airbags, dual-stage front airbags, and numerous load paths for channelling the impact energies and also includes a safety cell secured with ultra-high strength steel. The structure of body for Holden’s vehicles are designed to capitalize on absorption of energy during a bang or crush and reduce possible incursion into the safety cell of the passenger, which as indicated by Holden (2006) is reinforced strategically with steel almost sevenfold stronger as compared to the normal ones. Basically, the crumple zones absorb the impact energy in rear and frontal impacts and then directed away from occupants through numerous load paths. For side impact, as indicated by Holden (2006), the main load paths are ultra-high-strength door intrusion beams, cross beams, centre pillars, as well as centre roof bar. 3.0 Engineering Innovation Credited To Holden Evidently, in the automotive industry, innovation is taking back the centre stage. Distresses concerning the ever-changing price of oil, global warming, and oil dependency are making regulators to relentlessly push for alternative fuels, fuel efficiency, as well as reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Meanwhile, consumers desire to buy vehicles from innovative corporation that bring novel technologies to the competitive market by taking into account priorities such as fuel efficiency, safety, and connectivity. Holden capability to innovate in the above mentioned areas has been a major factor in its success both domestically and internationally. The most noticeable engineering innovation at Holden is the Active Fuel Management system, which was mainly designed and put into practice to save fuel during driving conditions demanding lower power. This outstanding engineering innovation functions by switching off 50% of the engine cylinders until performance at higher demand like acceleration restart the inactive cylinders. Test drives by the Environmental Protection Agency have proven that the AFM technology successfully improves fuel economy by more than six per cent. Essentially, AFM technology depends on three key modules: LOMA (Lifter Oil Manifold Assembly), collapsible valve lifters or De-ac (for deactivation), as well as the Engine Control Module (ECM). The response time of AFM is at variance with the temperature of the oil, but its functioning is practically imperceptible to the driver. The V8 mode is achieved back the moment the controller establishes that load or acceleration needs more power. The E38 ECM, the most advanced engine controllers, measures the conditions of the load based in terms of the vehicle sensors’ inputs and is also tasked with interpreting that information so as to manage over hundred operations of the engine. The AFM technology supplements an algorithm to the control software of the engine so as to manage the deactivation as well as reactivation of the cylinders. Furthermore, the engine's camshaft operates the valve lifters, which according to Holden (2012) lift a pushrod operating the cylinder head’s valves. In the L76 (Gen IV 6.0L) engine, the collapsible valve lifters are mounted in four cylinders, mainly one, four, six as well as seven, while the other cylinders utilize conventional lifters. The De-Ac lifters, which are operated hydraulically, have a locking pin that is spring-loaded, which uses oil pressure to move. So, for deactivation, the locking pin is dislodged by the hydraulic pressure, disintegrating the lifter’s top portion into the bottom and gets rid of contact using the pushrod. According to Holden (2012), the bottom of all De-Ac lifters rides on the cam section, however, the push rod is not moved by the top lifter. As a consequence, the valves stop functioning and the cylinder combustion halts. But the oil pressure during reactivation is removed, and the valves and the pushrods start operating normally because the lifter locks at full length. The LOMA, a cast-aluminium assembly is a crucial component of AFM because it is installed in the engine valley in preference to the cover of the conventional engine block. As stated by Holden (2012), the LOMA clamps control wiring, four solenoids, as well as passages for the cast-in oil. In this case, the engine control module manages the solenoids and all solenoids control the flow of oil to a De-Ac Lifter; thus, de-activating and activating the valves at one cylinder. Moreover, the L76 engine’s fuel injectors are indistinguishable for every cylinder; during de-activation, those supplying the de-activated cylinders are electrically shut down by the ECM. So, upon the deactivation of the cylinders, the engine runs efficiently as a V4. In sum, majority of V8 cars use excess power than demanded by the drivers in every circumstance. But with AFM, car owners can easily save fuel considering that fuel is saved by Holden’s L76 (Gen IV 6.0L) engine by utilising just four of the cylinders in the V8 engine and flawlessly reactivates the other four cylinders extra power for load or acceleration is needed. When a driver often goes long distances at steady speeds they can consequently reduce their running costs and improve fuel-efficiency. Depending on driving condition, Holden’s V8 engined vehicles using AFM technology save more than 1.0 Litre per 62 miles, and still a unique Gen IV 6.0L V8 engine power can be achieved when needed. By using Active Fuel Management, it is not just fuel that is saved, but it also lessens emissions of greenhouse gases (Holden, 2012). The Electronic Throttle Control of the engine is utilised for balancing torque following cylinder reactivation or deactivation, and reactivation takes less than 20 milliseconds and is practically not possible to notice while driving. 4.0 Aspects of Diffusion and Entrepreneurship Related To the Innovation Diffusion according to Miller and Garnsey (2000) is the process through which an innovation is transferred through particular networks over time amongst the social system members. Early efforts by entrepreneurs in the market may instigate a succession of pressures from the competitors, resulting in a greater resources allocation and value-added design, promotion, and competitive valuing, all of which promote rapid diffusion of innovation. For instance, the fruitful type-writer introduction of by Remington stimulated competitors’ entrance with improved designs, like cheap type-writers, visible typing as well as augmented promotion and sales activities. Entrepreneurs’ as mentioned by Miller and Garnsey (2000) play a crucial role in diffusing technological innovations as well as encouraging the development of completely novel industries close to these innovations. Innovation diffusion process depends on four elements: the innovation itself, the process of communication used through particular channels, time as a factor, and the social system members impacted. The fast global diffusion of innovations as well as manufacturing activities has turned out to be one of the key fiscal attributes of the modern time. Thanks to entrepreneurship, countries that were barely industrialized in the past three decades have currently developed into a major economical hub of manufactured goods where manufacturing has been a key element for the development within the country. The size of the enterprise according to Miller and Garnsey (2000) has been the main factor impacting the global diffusion of innovations. Entrepreneurship has been the key driver for diffusion of innovations as well as the creation of employment at regional and local levels. Apart from innovation diffusion, entrepreneurship has as well played a crucial role in the innovations diffusion, particularly in the earlier stages of process and product development. 5.0 Organization’s Cross-Cultural Awareness Policies Cross-cultural differences as indicated by Pauleen and Pauleen (2007) play a crucial part in innovation projects, especially for multinational corporations. Poor communication attributed to diverging visions, language barriers, as well as dissimilar styles of management and negotiation may result in failed as well as poor collaborations. Holden is devoted to creating a diversified culture wherein all Australians regardless of their cultural backgrounds work collectively to realize the long-term and short-term goals of the company. Holden has a robust corporate commitment to the Australians and its policy is to support and encourage employment diversity. The company is a party to the National Indigenous Covenant Action Plan, and as a signatory, Holden is devoted to offering job opportunities for aboriginal Australians seeking employment (Holden, 2012). This is evidenced by Holden (2012) devotion to offer apprenticeship positions to aboriginals in its Vehicle Operations Plant in Elizabeth, South Australia. Besides that, the company has partnered with Aboriginal Recruitment Training and Employment in recruiting, up skilling, as well as mentoring and aboriginal Australians for job opportunities in the company. To involve the aboriginals in its activities, Holden created and executed a culturally responsive and inclusive Indigenous Apprenticeship Program in collaboration with numerous stakeholders (Holden, 2012). This prosperous program offers the aboriginals with a chance to develop technical as well as employability skills, hence allowing a transition into a future career or employment. Holden believes that successful utilisation of cross cultural teams may offer the company a basis of innovative thinking and experience that can improve the company’s competitive position. As asserted by Pauleen and Pauleen (2007), cross-cultural teams in organisations are mostly creative and innovative since diversity within the team offers a basis for novel ideas as well as improved knowledge for technologies and markets. 6.0 Engineer Functioning As an Innovator at Holden Environment Holden is no more just producers of vehicles; it is also innovators and implementers of ultramodern technology. Statistics indicate that the automotive industry spend almost $102 billion every year on R&D (research and development), which is almost fourfold what the whole global defence and aerospace industry used in 2013 on R&D ($25.5 billion). Moreover, automotive companies are currently amongst the most innovative as compared to other industries. The continuing innovation in manufacturing as well as engineering has resulted in a continuous decrease in differentiation of technological products amongst manufacturers. Therefore, the automotive industry value proposition will remain at downstream. At Holden, engineers believe that modularization is an essential method to well control the heightening intricacy of vehicles. Engineering innovation has dramatically reduced the prototyping cost in production, considering that these costs were an obstacle in the past to rapid customization at well-known corporations. In the past, Holden used the conventional injection-moulding techniques, but through additive manufacturing technology, the company can currently produce car parts faster and cheaply with numerous duplications and no with tooling limits. Such cost savings has been to its increased productivity. So, the engineering innovation behind 3D printing, has taken Holden to a new level as compared to the expensive traditional mould-based methods that were time consuming. 7.0 Circumstances That Hindered and/or Facilitated Innovation at Holden As stated by Shavinina (2003), effective managers promote as well as facilitate innovation in the company. These days innovation has become a must for an organization or a company to be successful and to remain productive in the progressively more competitive environment. An engineer must achieve his/her key roles and must have particular attributes for him/her to be innovatively effective. Sometimes engineers are forced to take the entrepreneurial role in their work, and through communication with workmates, customers, or suppliers, they can get innovative ideas that can promote sustained growth. Shavinina (2003) deems the hurdles to innovation as signs of weaknesses or ideas in the corresponding policies on innovation. Shavinina (2003) further argues that policies on innovation are either substitutes or enforcers in the sense of strengthening their undesirable effect on innovation result as well as innovation behaviour. Governments present obstacles to Holden innovation through its policies and lack of adequate skilled workers that result in regulatory issues. Internally, Holden innovation is hindered by barriers at organisational and individual level; knowledge barriers; functional barriers; capability barriers; affective barriers; as well as intentional barriers. Importantly, the internal barriers are easier to identify and handle as compared to external barriers such as government policies, competitors, and customer purchasing behaviours. Internally, Holden experience barriers individuals based on motivation and ability, whereby abilities are restricted by individuals functional and knowledge level. The knowledge barriers at the company surface because of poor understanding or low absorptive ability. Finally, organizational barriers surface from the ineffective culture or structure of the organisation. 8.0 Diagrammatic Model of Holden Innovation Process for engineering innovation Active Fuel Management incorporated in all Holden V8 models is an outstanding innovation that helps in saving fuel by temporarily deactivating half of the engine cylinders in particular driving circumstances when the engine need less power. To develop this innovation a number of steps were followed as diagrammatically demonstrated below. In summary, during the development of Active Fuel management systems, a number of steps were involved. First, the innovation process began with the goal of increasing fuel efficiency and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Then the goal was converted into a challenge, whereby engineers were invited to offer creative solutions. Engineers were challenged to recommend innovative solutions with communication being the cornerstone behind the success of the innovation. Every engineer was expected to come up with an individual solution, and afterwards they brainstormed for the most effective solution. With numerous ideas at hand, the leader was tasked to combine related ideas into big ideas or idea clusters. All idea clusters were treated as one idea, hence making the subsequent steps of the innovation process more effective. Basically, how ideas were developed relied heavily on the innovation problem and the type of ideas that every engineer produced. The new product ideas were later developed into prototypes while the ideas for process efficiency were modelled. The reason why ideas were developed was to test them in the market so as to measure its effectiveness, marketability, and sustainability. After the idea was tested and approved by EPA, it was implemented and integrated to V8 models. 9.0 Conclusion In conclusion, as argued in the report, a company built on an innovative technology acts as a carrier as well as incubator of that innovation, and company success and its ability to be innovative relies on the creativity of the workers. Lack of creative workers who can generate new ideas in the company can lead to the failure of the company in the present competitive market. When a company starts to grow, new companies start to enter the market; thus, generating competitive pressures for improved cost, marketing, as well as quality improvements, and more advancements of the infrastructure for prevalent accessibility. As argued in the report, the entrepreneurs’ role in diffusing innovations depends on the ability of the enterprising persons to introduce comprehensive change with increasing impact. 10.0 References Babu, R. R., Krishna, M. M., & Swathi, A. (2013). Role Of Creativity And Innovation In Entrepreneurship. Innovative Journal of Business and Management, 2(5), 112 - 115. Holden. (2006, August 3). Innovation. Retrieved from Holden: http://www.holden.com.au/about/innovation Holden. (2012, August 21). AFM Technology. Retrieved from Holden: http://www.holden.com.au/about/innovation/ecoline/afm/afm-technology Holden. (2012). Holden Business Report. Port Melbourne, Victoria: Holden Ltd. Holden. (2012, August 13). Holden Supports Indigenous Apprenticeship Program. Retrieved from Holden: http://media.gm.com/media/au/en/holden/news.detail.html/content/Pages/news/au/en/2012/Aug/0813_HoldenSupportsIndigenousApprencticeshipProgram.html Jerinabi, U., & Santhi, P. (2012). Creativity, Innovation and Entrepreneurship. Mumbai: Allied Publishers. Miller, D., & Garnsey, E. (2000). Entrepreneurs and technology diffusion How diffusion research can benefit from a greater understanding of entrepreneurship. Technology in Society, 22, 445–465. Pauleen, D. J., & Pauleen, D. (2007). Cross-cultural Perspectives on Knowledge Management. Westport, Connecticut: Libraries Unlimited. Shavinina, L. V. (2003). The International Handbook on Innovation. London: Elsevier. Appendices Letter to the Company Seeking Co-Operation HOLDEN LTD PO Box 1714, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001 Name University Address To the Senior Manager: I am asking for permission to gather research data from Engineers through a project entitled Engineering Innovation and Entrepreneurship. I am Knowledgeable of the study purposes and the research procedures nature, and am willing to offer every engineer an opportunity to ask questions regarding the topic of study. I will strictly adhere to the company policies and will ethically abide by the set rules and regulations. This letter seeks your support as the senior engineer at Holden for participation in the research study on innovation engineering applied at Holden. The study results will offer a synopsis of the state of engineering innovation and Entrepreneurship at manufacturing companies, and its effect on productivity and competence. Your support in facilitating to complete this research will be appreciated greatly and will result in establishing the significance of engineering innovation in modern companies. Yours Sincerely, Letter of Gratitude to Company Management Date Name Address HOLDEN LTD Manager PO Box 1714, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001 Dear Manager: Thank you for participating in this study about Engineering Innovation and Entrepreneurship. The answers form the company Engineers were very informative and helpful, in broadening my understanding about engineering innovation. We appreciate the willingness exhibited by the company engineers in partaking in the interview processes. The contribution was immense and has helped widely in my career research. Sincerely yours, Name: Signature: Interview Questions 1. How important is communication for an innovative company like Holden? 2. What is the significance of engineering innovation in production of the state of the art vehicles in present competitive market? 3. Do you think Entrepreneurship still plays a crucial role in continued success of Holden at Australian market? 4. What made Holden become more committed on sustainable and renewable energy systems? 5. Do you agree that engineering innovation is much more than research and development? 6. Engineering practice these days’ calls for a breadth of skills, what are some of the skills that engineers must have to work at Holden? 7. What differentiate Holden products from others? And has this been attributed to innovation? 8. What role did engineering innovation play in the designing of Holden’s fuel saving technologies that underpins its Ecoline portfolio? 9. What motivate Holden to develop and implement Active Fuel management System? 10. How Successful has this system to V8 models since its Introduction? 11. Does Holden have any cross-cultural awareness policies? And how have these policies impacted innovation at the company level? 12. What safety standards are used by engineers at the production plant? And what measures have been implemented to make certain that the vehicles manufactured by the company are safe? Read More

Holden Ltd will be the focus of the study, which was established in 1856 when it began as a business for saddlery in South Australia. Currently, Holden designs, creates and sells automobiles both locally and internationally, and its success has mainly been attributed to engineering innovation. Holden engineering innovation is evidenced by the production of VF Commodore, which is undoubtedly the most innovative vehicle ever manufactured in Australia. But the report will mainly focus on Active Fuel Management (AFM), which was mainly designed to reduce emission of greenhouse gases and to improve fuel efficiency (Holden, 2012). 2.0 Recent Innovative Achievements of Holden At Holden, product innovation is the path to becoming future friendly.

Jerinabi and Santhi (2012) define product innovation as the manufacture and the consequent introduction of a service or good, which is either new or a value-added form of earlier services or goods. A business that can differentiate their product from those of their competitors will largely be able to gain huge amount of revenues. Holden’s Volt, an electric vehicle, exemplifies engineering innovation. By means of new technologies development as well as vehicles powered by substitute fuel, Holden has managed to design, create and vend innovative cars, which significantly offer lower costs of running and reduce air pollution.

The company is devoted to on-going work on sustainable and renewable energy systems so as to power its various cars. Using the petrol combustion engine so as to reduce Holden impact to the environment has been a crucial element in the company’s range of sustainable transport. A number of fuel saving innovations reinforce the Ecoline portfolio of Holden: fist is the Spark Ignition Direction Injection (SIDI) system that allows for improved fuel economy in vehicles with six cylinders as compared to those with four cylinders.

Besides that, the Active Fuel Management (AFM) technology on Holden’s V8 engines briefly de-activates half of the eight cylinders in particular driving circumstances when a lesser amount of engine power is needed. This as stated by Holden (2012) reduces emissions greenhouse gases and enhances fuel efficiency while at the same time sustaining performance and power. The petrol engine integrated with Intelligent Turbo Induction offers improved performance, and its fuel economy begins at only 10.

3 litters per 100 miles. Moreover, the LPG and flex-fuel vehicles manufactured locally generate real world solutions to challenges of sustainability. Holden flex-fuel range enables vehicles to run on bio-ethanol, premium or regular petrol. Engineering innovation at Holden has resulted in product innovations such as the Volt, which is undoubtedly the first long distance electric vehicle in Australia that makes use of both a petrol generator and battery to cover hundreds of extra miles after the depletion of the battery.

In comparison with other vehicles of similar size, the volt can save almost 1,890 litters of fuel years based on 14913 miles of travel. Bio-ethanol as a fuel is an engineering innovation product at Holden; E85 fuel is a mixture of almost 15 per cent petrol and 85 per cent ethanol. Engineering analysis exhibits that almost 20 to 40 per cent of the non-renewable carbon emissions is reduced by Australian E85 in contrast to using petrol as the main fuel. Further innovation to this technology will potentially diminish the E85 emissions by almost 90 per cent, in contrast to petrol.

At Holden, every petrol version of Captiva as well as Commodore is factory fitted with the capability of flex fuel. Another notable innovative technology at Holden is the utilization of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) as the main fuel in its cars: the company made available the dedicated LPG system in 2012 in both the Caprice as well as Commodore models. As mentioned by Holden (2012), the purpose-built Liquefied Petroleum Gas Commodore provide enhanced ecological qualifications and reduce running costs; thus realizing merely 304.

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