Modeling of Mechanical and Electrical Systems - Report Example

Introduction to Computing Student Name: Student Reg no.: Module Tittle: Module Code: University: Lecturer: Submission Date: Table of Contents 1.Introduction 3 1.1.Aim 4 2.Analysis 4 2.1Hybrid systems 4 2.1.1.Discrete Time Model 5 2.1.2.Continuous Time Model 6 3.Discussion 7 4.Conclusion 7 5.References 8 6.Bibliography 9 1. Introduction Engineering systems have discrete components or continuous components that are dynamic to decision makers. Continuous and discrete states have been applied to represent the quantitative variables of these systems. There is always a possibility for each state to affect the other in the system. Therefore, when a system is deemed as complex then it can be modelled using hybrid system where it uses, electrical, and mechanical systems, which include a combination of sensors, hardware, microprocessors, data storage and software all connected in one system. Thus due to their complexity, these variables in the system can be represented quantitatively by use of continuous and discrete states. In this report, an approach for the hybrid state is the model of the mechanical and electrical systems. One model that e Based on the state of a hybrid system, this report considers the analysis and modelling of mechanical and electrical systems inclusion of the automation system components as discussed above. In analysis and modelling, methods that are classical tend to be insufficient because they treat continuous or discrete parts separately. On the other hand, for hybrid systems, both continuous and discrete dynamics work together to make the whole system. Most of the hybrid systems that have been made by researchers tend to combine the discrete events and continuous state of the system with the interfaces that exist between discrete and continuous parts. Although such a model may represent a system with broad analytics, the design produces a complex system. Section 1 of this report introduces the hybrid models and analyses their operation procedures. Section 2, explains the analysis of the hybrid systems. Section 3, on the other hand, discuss the representation of the electrical and mechanical system in a complex hybrid system. Lastly, section 4, gives the concluding remarks on the report. 1.1. Aim This report aims at determining how electrical and mechanical systems relate to each other and how the incorporation of these systems can influence the social, as well as business systems. In addition, this report studies how hybrid systems operate under the complex system of dynamics. 2. Analysis In hybrid state method, nonlinear systems can be treated like classical modelling in the state space; we take a (mixed) state variable method for hybrid systems. Using this method of formulation, it will assist in design and modelling and does not have any limit in terms of modelling power. In cases where, systems assume state variables they are only finite and gives discrete state systems (DSS) and if the system has, only continuous states continuous (CSS) state systems. In this section, we study a hybrid state system (HSS) as a combination of the systems that are on continuous and discrete state 2.1Hybrid systems When DSS and CSS systems are combined, they form HSS. By letting the continuous and discrete state variables are denoted by x(t) and X(t) respectively. Similarly we let u(t) and U(t) be the continuous and discrete input vectors, and, the output vectors at time t, for the discrete and continuous systems, be Y(t) and y(t) respectively. 2.1.1. Discrete Time Model In this model, the continuous model is used as either in continuous time or discrete while the discrete-state system is simulated at a discrete time. When this system uses a continuous time configuration, it develops a system that can respond to the signal delivered to continuous state system from the discrete-state system. In separate production, there is a continuum of piece production, which lead to desired production quantity. Inflexible automation, AUTOCAD is used in the design and modelling pieces for production. Therefore, in these systems CNC machines combine electrical and mechanical systems to produce the required product. In CNC machines, there is a combination of sensors, hardware, microprocessors, data storage and software, which makes the system a complex. In programmable automation complex systems, there are several methods that are used in the system, which include, Computer Aided Design and Computer numerically controlled machine. These tools assist in product design and precision in manufacturing in the factories. A new strategy is formed when manufacturing systems, design systems and management systems are combined to for a computer-integrated manufacturing. For thorough element modelling for a product design, a complex system with the interrelated components must be used (see figure 1) Figure 1: complex system components Numerically controlled machines are classified into two categories, metal cutting tools and metal forming tools. In this machine, there are different commands that are used in calibrating the machine to ensure that it cuts the device as per specifications. On ensuring that all controls are set, the equipment will work as per the requirements of the product design (Ragsdale, 2014, 682). Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that before inputting the automation instructions, the instruction must be adequately verified to avoid any mistakes when machine the design. Therefore, there is information processing in the machine that in written as a program to control the CNC machine. 2.1.2. Continuous Time Model In this model, the designing procedures will be considered only if the sampling time T, tends to move to 0 within the discrete time model. In this system, if for instance, a system is used to design a component using only mechanical approach where there are only sensors installed in the system, then the system will not be in a position to do other functions as expected. 3. Discussion The electronic computer acts as the heart or center for automation. With the combination of the combination of sensors, hardware, microprocessors, data storage and software then it is easy to design produce and document on the product details. In the manufacturing industry, computers have been used drafting and designing detailed plans as well as analyzing these models. The primary aim that manufacturing industries focus on using complex systems in the construction industry business is to increase production rate as well reduce manual labor (Vermaat, 2013, 554). Socially, when people work using the automated systems they tend to have more relaxed days than when they manually work on the equipment. This helps the businesses to achieve real life flexibility. It is notable from the automation system that, despite the fact that the hybrid system functions as per the species, there is a need to ensure that the machine codes are well coded. This helps in eliminating any chances to make a mistake in machining of the design. Moreover, it is notably clear that hybrid systems are much better since they combine a number of processes to produce the desired product. As indicated in figure 1, CNC machine runs on a computer system and this computer system is integrated to a central processor and machining equipment that completes the set instruction through the software. Therefore, Porter & Heppelmann, (2014) concept has been visualised as realistic in combining electrical and mechanical systems to form a complex system that has positive impact to both business and the operators. 4. Conclusion One of the most organised way in which a model is presented to the dynamical systems in the use of both continuous and discrete modelling. These systems use the hybrid systems applying the space provided to produce the design. As asserted in the sections above, when there is proper integration of the system partitioning, each region is defined by the use of effective dynamics. When the system is complete, it gives a room for layer analysis where it is much easier to analyse the characteristics of the hybrid system. Therefore, using the system it helps invalidation of the designs made from those systems. Two typical examples are introduced to establish the systematic analysis and modelling of mechanical and electrical systems with this method. In the first example, the system uses both continuous and discrete circuit system, and they function together. On the other hand, for the second example, which uses only mechanical system there are proximity sensors, which act as decision makers. Therefore, it can be concluded from the examples that, a nonlinear system that has regular modelling it is not enough for some of the systems that are dynamic, especially where the systems have decision maker, discrete components, and hysteric effects. In such systems, it is recommendable to use hybrid systems since they would turn to be very essential to the business. 5. References Porter, M. E. & Heppelmann, J. E., 2014. How Smart, Connected Products Are Transforming Competition. [Online] Available at: https://hbr.org/2014/11/how-smart-connected- products-are- transforming-competition [Accessed 13 01 2014]. Ragsdale, C., 2014. Spreadsheet Modeling and Decision Analysis: A Practical Introduction to Business Analytics. New York: Cengage Learning. Vermaat, M., 2013. Discovering Computers 2014. New York: Cengage Learning. 6. Bibliography Joos, I, Ramona, N., and Marjorie, J. S., 2013. Introduction to Computers for Healthcare Professional. New York: Jones & Bartlett Publishers. Richard R. B., 2013. Introduction to Computer and Network Security: Navigating Shades of Gray. New York: Taylor & Francis. Read More