Mechanical Engineering Design - Assignment Example

MECH 2110 – Mechanical engineering design 1 Engineering faculty ----------------- University ALTERNATIVE DESIGNS REPORT Name Date submitted: April 26, 2016 Abstract The report outlines designs of a solution towards the issue of carrying garbage bins by elderly person in Australia to the streets for the council to pick them. Our aim is to provide a n easy way for elderly to carry their 240L liter bins to the street. In this report, needs and targets will be provided. We need to establish a project that helps improve the situation. In spite of its facilities, it should not be an expensive device, because elderly depends on pensions cannot afford the price. Cost services effort is also took into account. Five different ideas have been provided in this this report. The first one is the multi-purpose device which we call it motorised trolley with one sitting capacity. Our second choice was the motorised trolley but without place sit. The third is a motorised but some energy is required to push it. The last on is similar to third one but the use push it as the bin must be the front. After having insights towards these aspects, we investigate further towards the requirements and analysis of the project design. Lastly, devised solutions could be used as a replacement for the current trolley garbage bin these elderly people are employing. The practicality and feasibility of these solutions will be further investigated in the near future. In conclusion, the construction of freeways in homes of elderly people to enable them moves the trolley to the street since it not work where stairs are. Table of Contents Abstract 2 Introduction of the problem 4 Engineering analysis 4 2.1 Problem definition 4 2.2 Design function 1 5 2.3 Alternative solution variables 5 2.4 Restrictions 5 2.5 Operating Conditions Specification for the Design 6 2.6 Genuine Targets Specification for the Design 7 3. Conceptual Designs (Search) 7 Option 1: motorised trolley with sting space 8 Option 2: motorised trolley with sitting space 8 Option 3: motorised trolley 9 Option 4: Pull Trolley 10 Option 5: motorised pull trolley 10 4. Evaluation of Options 11 5.1 Description of operation 12 5.2 Materials 13 5.3 Sketch & External measurements 13 6. Risk assessment for the operation of the final design. 15 7.0 Reference list 19 Introduction of the problem The main aim of this project is design a device that will help the aged move the garbage bin easily and safely to street where they will be picked by council staff to empty. This is because the elderly people find it difficult to place their current garbage bins out for council waste collection services. Although some of the elderly are assisted by neighbors and volunteer organization to place bins out for collection, many people do not have access to these services and rely on family and neighbors to do this for them. This requires a device that will assist them put out the liter bin out for the council to pick. Formulation of the problem The project undertakes undertaken an initiative to design a modern trolley that can be used by weak and frail individuals whether elderly or sick. The current trolley for litre bin are quite challenges for this group of people The operation of the design trolley for the garbage bin works on a relatively simple way. The trolley will have a small motor to help push the push the garbage to the place ideal for carrying the street for garbage vehicles. The trolley is a modification of the exist models to fit the garbage bin. Therefore, the new trolley will be based on the existing technologies and solution but modified Engineering analysis 2.1 Problem definition In this part we are trying to provide the most important needs. this points the needs of the people will look into and the importance of each need. No. Need Importance 1 Healthy solutions 5 2 How much does it cost? 5 3 Services (Maintenance and repairing) 3 4 Effort needed 5 5 The energy needed 4 6 Help more than one house 2 7 Easy to be used 3 8 Problems caused by natural disasters 1 Table 5.4.1 ‘needs and important’ Garbage delivery solutions: as garbage bin transfer from homes to street for picking up by the council is one of the main purposes of needs. And the way of carrying is difficulty currently. The cost: the aged depends on the pensions which depletes with time. That cannot afford a high cost technologies. It is important to be aware of the cost and to provide as lowest cost as possible. Services: frequent repairing is required as it gives the machine a “longer life”. However, it must not be expensive to keep the cost low. Effort needed: as it is not heavy and not difficulty to move, it also should be easier and don not need that big effort to be done or else it will be useless. 2.2 Design function 1 Deliver the garbage bin to street Function 1 Variables Function 1 Constraint Speed of trolley - 20 metres per minute Weight of trolley - 15 Kg Carry any size gabage bin - 240L OR 180L 2.3 Alternative solution variables Size of trolley Shape of trolley Method of lift garbage and removal Method of Travelling from street and back Materials of Construction 2.4 Restrictions Must be a non-permanent system, retracted from water when not used. System must be cost effective, needs to be affordable for residents to implement and maintain. Must conform to any relevant Australian standards. Must be safe and easy to use. Easily operated by the frail and weak 2.5 Operating Conditions Specification for the Design The plan is to design a project that may help the people at old age deliver garbage for collection council from paths leading to their houses. The table below shows our design needs and importance attached to each. Project Introduction Units Importance Safety to use Safety 5 Cost to manufacture/purchase AUD 3 Cost of implement Low 5 Labour costs 2 people 3 Building time 2 day 2 Technical Requirements Normal 5 Degree of difficulty Normal 4 Demand for trolley Low 5 Easy to use Easy 5 Table 5.5.1 The table above shows that our design contain many thing its effective, simple, will not cost a lot of money easy to use. Attribute Needs Safety Cost to manufacture/purchase Cost of implement Labour costs Building time Technical Requirements Degree of difficulty Demand for Trolley Garbage delivery solutions X How much does it cost? X (Maintenance and repairing X X Effort needed X The energy needed X Help more than one house X X Easy to be used X X Problems caused by natural disasters X 2.6 Genuine Targets Specification for the Design Our team designed this project site in Australia where there are many elderly individual relying supports from neighbours or volunteer organisations. When the volunteers and neighbours fail to support the elderly are left stranded. Therefore, a solution has to be found that how to avoid stench from garbage. The final choice of the most simple and effective measures that is the construction of a garbage bin carrying trolley, which the elderly are willing to accept the premise of providing some assisted living facilities. We aim through our design to give solutions to improve the lives of elderly Australia residents, but also allow them to accept a reasonable cost. 3. Conceptual Designs (Search) This section outlines all of the different options available to solve the problem of garbage bin delivery to the street for the council vehicles to pic by the aged. In this case five options including the option to retain the status quo have been considered. Therefore the option include a trolley with a motor that allows the person to drive it to the street allow the person to have a place to sit. The second option involves a trolley with a motor but the person does not have a place to sit but can start a motor. For trolley to move forward. The third is a trolley which is fitted Option 1: motorised trolley with sting space This is a four wheeled motor like trolley which carries garbage from the part as shown in the diagram below. The trolley is able to carry garbage of 240L and 180L, it uses small amount petrol less than a mower. The it can cover 100m at 20m per minutes daily for one week using one litre of petrol and it has strong wheels thus has durable usage and chances of failure are limited. (Indiamart, 2016) The trolley frame is made of stainless materials making it durable and has brakes which are made of silent casters. These options have connected to a boat trailer and a crane. The system will use a Winch mounted in the front of the hopper to carry the bin. The user will disengage winch and push the liter bin from the trash hopper. Option 2: motorised trolley with sitting space This is in form of go kart of children with attached wagon-like trail to carry the garbage bin as shown below. This system will use a Winch mounted in the back of the cart. The winch will be connected to a trailer on which will one sits. The user will disengage the winch and push the trailer from the flat surface of the trailer to the angled backyard. Once the user has finished, they will enter above our partially submerged trailer and reconnect the boat to the trailer. Once this is done all they must do is activate the winch to pull the trailer up into the boat shed, from where they started. (Spacepac Industries, 2016) Option 3: motorised trolley The trolley wills a motor to help in moving when the user is moving the garbage ounce the user has finished. (Spacepac Industries, 2016). The garbage bin will be will sit on top of the track and be connected to a handle that will be pushing it attached to the front of the tracks. When the user is ready they will release a locking pin, releasing hinge and allowing the litre bin to drop down on the right place. Option 4: Pull Trolley (Spacepac Industries, 2016) Option 5: motorised pull trolley This option like option 4 it a small track two wheeled system attached to garbage bin the user will pull it but with minimal force as it has a motor that helps in moving. Once user has completed delivery they will return to the garbage bin with the house. It will use the winch to pull the trolley. (Spacepac Industries, 2016.) 4. Evaluation of Options This is the process of accepting the identified alternatives of system as input. The process combines input from cost benefit analysis, Risk Analysis, concurrent engineering, system engineering management, and secondary input. It also involves the definition of evaluation criteria, and evaluation framework for undertaking assessment of alternatives. We designed a project that is cost effective in the long run using the existing designs with a few modifications to incorporate needs of the old people. At the end of the day, we have compared the five options and we chose the second and third options based on the facilities which it provide to the residents such as the easier work and less costly. We also compared the cost of storage as well manufacture. In addition, the total cost of the project relatively, is much beneficial compared to other options which have low cost but low benefits. Although it might be more complicated than the last two options, it has more beneficial facilities. Comparing the five options from the prices, the first option does need a huge budget. 5.0 Specification of preferred alternative The project designed made the specifications under minimum requirements. This project being a used by elderly people requires professional skills for design and implementation. By our design engineering we noted that many equipment’s were required which will be purchased by implementing the implementing stakeholder. Therefore as far as the design of the system is concerned were met the specifications. 5.1 Description of operation The motorised trolley and motorised trolley with sitting space have both motorised systems that make movement ease. Each of the motorised rollers equally spaced spanning the length of each track. User undoes locking pin releasing hinge and drops the bin into ground Once above step complete user will attach track winch to boat User will step off boat and walk to top side of tracks and begin winding boat up tracks Once bin is all the on trailer, user will pull/drive it to house 5.2 Materials The choice of material for this system was marine grade aluminium. A similar material which could have been chosen was galvanised steel. The galvanised steel would provide a cheaper purchase cost however in the long run the aluminium would be a better material choice as the steels galvanised coating would eventually wear off and would have to be re done every so often, which would incur higher maintenance costs. 5.3 Sketch & External measurements Option 2 Frame build Sitting position 6. Risk assessment for the operation of the final design. After carrying out risk analysis and assessment to ensure that the group members are safe as they work at the project, we noted that safety of each member was guaranteed. Risk assessment on the safety of users showed that the project was not in any way going to affect the healthy and safety of users in fact; according to our assessment the project was enhancing safety of aged as well as council workers. However, a part from our risk assessment it is necessary for the project team members to adhere to stipulated healthy and safety regulations. When carrying out risk assessments, one is required to follow five steps. One, they must identify the hazard. In the case of the design failure can be becomes the first hazard. Two, they need to identify those who might be affected or harmed by failure. In the case study, the users are the most vulnerable people, given that they were the ones to operating it. Thus, some of the safety practices include assessment of hazards related to design operation, provision of training and information, manage, supervise and fix internal responsibility, follow safe operating procedures, adherence y maintenance and modification procedures. After identification of risks they have to be analysed and assessed by way of impact and chances of occurrence. To determine the process of analysis, an understanding is required of the probable impact on the objectives of the design because it has limited resources that can be used for risk management, we can concentrate only on the major risks that are considered to have a strong bearing on project outcomes. It is required to have a dependable estimate of the chances and consequence of risk before any prioritization is made. value Likelihood Unlikely Possible Likely Almost Certain Fail of motor MEDIUM HIGH EXTREME EXTREME Fail to modify pathways MEDIUM MEDIUM HIGH EXTREME Failure of breaks LOW MEDIUM MEDIUM HIGH Cost increase LOW LOW MEDIUM MEDIUM Summary of Requirements Personal Protective Equipment The design is safe for elderly Training No training Equipment Hazard Identification Control Risk Assessment What are the steps of the activity / items of equipment What are the potential hazards What methods will be used to reduce the likelihood and/or the consequence of an illness or injury from those hazards What hazard remains What is the level of risk remaining based on the Risk Assessment matrix Design Failure Maintenance Oiling Medium User Ignore usage Training Failure breaking system medium 7.0 Reference list Indiamart, 2016. Dust Bin Trolley in Pune Spacepac Industries, 2016. 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