Engineering Problem Solving and Analysis - Report Example

ITP-Part A Engineering Problem Solving and Analysis - Technical Portfolio Name: Registration No: University: Lecturer: Course code: Statistical Analysis Introduction Based on the location of the area data was collected, this report assesses different climatic conditions for different seasons for Nepal. Nepal has four varying climatic seasons, which include winter, pre-monsoon, monsoon and then post monsoon. Winter season: this season usually occurs from December to February and it is characterized by high pressure that brings about clear skies and dry weather that is accompanied by warm days with cold nights. Pre-monsoon season: this season occurs from March to mid June and it is characterized by variable weather conditions with both nights and days warm. These warm conditions are characterized by varying temperatures that increase as the season progresses. As the season, progresses there are often thunderstorms and occasional short periods of heavy rain or hailstorm. Monsoon season: this season occurs from Mid-June to Mid-September, and this is the season that dominates the weather conditions at Nepali. This season is characterized by low pressure, which results into frequent showers of rain and in the afternoon and night storms and occasionally there is continuous days with rain. During the night, this season has changes in temperature and humidity, which tend to go high, which is common even during the day. Post-Monsoon: this season starts from Mid-September to November and it is characterized by return of stable high-pressure across the region with clear skies, warm days, sunshine and cool nights. 1. Rainfall Based on the seasonal analysis, each region at Nepal has varying rainfall distribution across the year. This distribution is analyzed as per the regional elevation from the sea level as recorded from the experimental data obtained during the Nepal data collection experiments. Figure 1: Nepal Annual rainfall distribution From the data above rainfall, distribution is dependent on the station elevation. For stations with lower elevation annual rainfall is lower while at regions with higher elevation, the amount of rainfall distribution is higher. From the figure above it is clear that as the elevation increases, the pressure is lower hence increase in the amount of annual rainfall at Nepal stations, on the other had as the elevation decreases, pressure increases and as a result annual rainfall reduces. Figure 2: Nepal Winter rainfall distribution From the data, analysis is figure 2 above, during winter rain, distribution is zero or minimal across all Nepal stations, this is characterized by high pressure across the region with clear skies and cool nights. Figure 3: Pre-Monsoon rain distribution During this season, there are periods of short heavy rains that occur as the season progresses, and it is characterized by increase in temperatures as the season progresses. Figure 4: Monsoon rain distribution at Nepal This season has low pressure and hence frequent days with showers of rainfall and sometimes-continuous days and nights with rain. During the night, there is high humidity and humidity, which lead to the frequent days with showers of rain across the region Figure 5: Post-monsoon rain distribution This season there are changes across the region, which are characterized by increase in pressure and temperature changes during the day and night. Across all the Nepal stations, these characteristics are experienced and have similar effect to the environment. Figure 6: Seasonal rain distribution From the figure above, it is evident that rainfall distribution across all seasons it is higher during the monsoon season, where pressure is lower and there are higher temperature and humidity across the day and night. However, during the pre-monsoon season there are sign of coming rain, which show the short events with rains across the region. 2. Elevation Figure 7: Elevation -Longitude graph From the above graph, regional longitude position is independent of the given elevation. Therefore, it is clear that this cannot affect the rain distribution across the region. Different stations have varying longitudes, which are different from their respective elevations. However, these differences determine the regional temperature difference. Figure 8: Elevation -Latitude graph As the latitude varies the respective elevation remains for all the regions at Nepal, this affects the temperatures across all regions and this leads to varying rainfall distribution across all the stations at Nepal. Figure 9: Overall data analysis for Nepal Conclusion Nepal experiences four distinct climatic seasons: Winter, Pre-Monsoon, Monsoon and Post Monsoon. As the season varies to the other climatic conditions changes indicating different environmental conditions at Nepal, which is evident from the seasonal rain distribution graph. Therefore, it is clear that Nepal has four climatic seasons that have different characteristics and characterized by varying conditions annually for all the stations. ITP-Part B Generic, Surveying, and Engineering Factors Investigation of ONE (1) INDIVIDUAL SITE Name: Registration No: University: Lecturer: Course code: Part B1 - Generic Factors This project was set to study climatic factors that affect rainfall distribution at Napal stations ranging from elevation, longitude, latitude, temperature and seasonal changes. This report discusses only one station at Napal, Tanahu, Khairanitar, which is at Latitude 28°02’, longitude 84°06’ and elevation of 500. Working at this station there are major challenges since it is a remote area and there is little infrastructure to use in data collections and the varying environmental conditions. These factors can greatly affect the progress required in developing the report and delivery of the necessary results. Due to limited infrastructure, materials necessary for the process are scarce hence the need to outsource materials from the centers where materials are available. Other factors that were involved in the process of the data collection entailed, cultural differences in the area, since we were from different cultures from the locals (Williams & Sargent, 2014, 320) On the other hand, data collection was in a way requiring financial support that was not available in the station. Other factors that greatly affected the progress in the project included, logistics on how to start working in the area and who to talk to, social factors in great extend had an influence to process, since it is not easy to understand the ways of the people in that area. Part B2 - Surveying Factors To select suitable site for data collection there is a need to determine the factors that might contribute to proper data collection or failure of the entire process. Therefore, there is a need to consider some the favorable factors prior to settling on the site for data collection. There are two major factors to consider when selecting the site, which include ecological factors, and economic and social factors. Ecological factors like water supply, climate, water quality, land soil characteristics and hydrological characteristics help in determining the suitability of the area for survival (Roy, 2010, 57). After selecting the site and you are ready to begin the site construction process, it is necessary to consider the type of material to use in the construction. These materials should be eco-friendly and are approved to meet international environmental standards. Thus, this minimizes the chances to cause environmental pollution when setting up the data collection site. Lastly it is important to learn about the environment you are about to set up your entire project equiepment and ensure the area has no potential threats in the future when the project is in progress. Part B3 - Civil & Structural Engineering Factors When starting the project and you are about to start the civil and structural procedures it is important to identify any possible factors that might affect the rain water harvesting, water delivery system, dimensions of the storage tank, choice of materials to use, pipeline used, roads to used in the area, and any obstacles that might hider water collection process. Additionally, it is important to identify is the area has cases of experiencing high winds, heavy rains that might destroy the equipment used in data collection (Koller, 2000, 108). Therefore, it is important to prepare for such scenarios to ensure proper data collection and safety of the equipment. Investigation of other factors such like roofs, and storage facilities might be a barrier to data collection and become source of error. Thus avoiding such factors would ensure that there is room for proper data collection. Other factors that might be of the an equal impact include, drainage, design of the foundation, material used and the storage tank (David, 2013, 338). Lastly, it is necessary to consider topography of the selected area, soil, and location as this may greatly affect the final results of the project. Part B4 - Electrical Engineering Factors When setting up the project it is important to understand the electrical aspect of the project, such like electrical shut off values, maintenance, monitoring systems, powering any available local spring water for use and viability of collecting water and use as renewable source of energy (Benn, 2012, 220). Part B5 - Mechanical Engineering Factors At some point systems, require aspect of accuracy in data collection. Therefore, prior to setting up the project equipment the mechanical aspect of the operation of the equipment that entail pumps, floaters, and any filtration system should be put into consideration. If there valves required in the project, for instance in the tanks floaters can greatly help in locking mechanism, while filtration system can be used in the process of filtering water (Ramakrishna, 2010, 480). However, the mechanical components might encounter un expected challenge like failure to operate as per hence requiring repairs. Bibliography Roy, S.K., 2010, Fundamentals of Surveying, New Delhi, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd, p. 57 Koller, G., 2000, Risk Modeling for Determining Value and Decision Making, New yor, CRC Press. Ramakrishna, D. S., 2010,Advances n Mechanical Engineering, New Delhi, Allied Publishers Benn, B.O., 2012, Case Studies of Applied Advanced Data Collection and Management, New York, ASCE Publications.220 David, G., 2013, Structural, Civil and Pipe Drafting, New York, Cengage Learning. 338 Williams, N. & Sargent, F., 2014, Electrical Inspection Manual, 2014 Edition, New York, Jones & Bartlett Publishers. Read More