Engineering Problem Solving and Analysis - Report Example

Engineering Problem Solving and Analysis - Technical Portfolio Name: Registration No: University: Lecturer: Course code: ITP-Part A: Statistical Analysis Introduction Nepal has four varying climatic seasons, which include winter, pre-monsoon, monsoon and then post monsoon. This report assesses different climatic conditions for different seasons for Nepal for a period of 1 year. From data collection and analysis, the four seasons, that is, winter, pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon elevation and temperature differences were studied to determine the ideal characteristics per season. The four seasons experienced at Nepal are as follows: Winter season: Occurs from December to February. This season is characterized by situations where there is high pressure, dry weather and clear skies that come with warm days and cold nights. During this season, there is no rain all through the season. Pre-monsoon season: Occurs from March to mid June. This season has varying weather conditions having warm nights and days. Varying temperatures, which are experienced during the days, vary at an increasing rate as the season progresses. Thunderstorms and occasional short periods of heavy rain or hailstorm are experienced as the season progresses. Monsoon season: Occurs from Mid-June to Mid-September. This is the dominating season at Nepali. During this season, there is low pressure across the region, which is accompanied by frequent showers of rain in the afternoons, at night storms and occasionally there are days with continuous rain across the region. At nights and the day at Nepali, the temperature and humidity tend to go high during this season. Post-Monsoon: Starts from Mid-September to November, and during this season there are changes that are characterized by return of stable high-pressure across the region, warm days, sunshine, clear skies and cool nights. 1. Rainfall This distribution is analyzed as per the regional elevation from the sea level as recorded from the experimental data obtained during the Nepal data collection experiments. Based on the seasonal analysis, each region at Nepal has varying rainfall distribution across the year. This distribution is indicated in figure 1 below Figure 1: Nepal Annual rainfall distribution From graph figure1 above, rain distribution at Nepal is dependent on the elevation. Stations where elevation is higher, the amount of annual rain distribution is higher at that region, while a region with lower elevation annual rainfall is lower. Thus is evident that annual rain distribution increase as the elevation increases across the region and decreases across the region as the elevation decreases. However, varying temperature varies the pressure to lower levels hence increase for rainfall at Nepal stations, on the other had as the temperatures decrease, pressure increases and as a result annual rainfall reduces. Figure 2: Nepal Winter rainfall distribution From figure 2 above, the temperatures are low hence high pressure across the region and rain, distribution is minimal across all Nepal stations, this is characterized by clear skies and cool nights. Figure 3: Pre-Monsoon rain distribution During the pre-monsoon season, there are periods of short heavy rains and thunderstorms that occur as the season progresses, which are characterized by increasing in temperatures across the region as the season progresses. Figure 4: Monsoon rain distribution at Nepal This season has low pressure and hence frequent days with showers of rainfall and sometimes-continuous days and nights with rain. During the night, there is high humidity and humidity, which lead to the frequent days with showers of rain across the region Figure 5: Post-monsoon rain distribution During the post-monsoon season, there are changes on rain distribution across the region, which are characterized by increasing in pressure and temperature changes during the day and night. These characteristics are experienced and have similar effect to the environment across all Nepal stations. Figure 6: Seasonal rain distribution From the figure above, it is evident that rainfall distribution across all seasons it is higher during the monsoon season, this occurs when pressure is lower and there is higher temperature and humidity across the day and night. However, during the pre-monsoon season there are sign of coming rain, which show the short events with rains across the region. 2. Elevation Figure 7: Elevation -Longitude graph From the above graph, regional longitude position is independent of the given elevation. Therefore, it is clear that this cannot affect the rain distribution across the region. Different stations have varying longitudes, which are different from their respective elevations. However, these differences determine the regional temperature difference. Figure 8: Elevation -Latitude graph As the latitude varies the respective elevation remains for all the regions at Nepal, this affects the temperatures across all regions and this leads to varying rainfall distribution across all the stations at Nepal. Figure 9: Overall data analysis for Nepal Conclusion Winter, Pre-Monsoon, Monsoon and Post Monsoon are the major climatic season that Nepal region experiences across the year. Transition from one season to the next, there is varying temperature changes, pressure and humidity changes. These climatic changes are annual and they come with resulting rainfall distribution differences across the area. Thus the four climatic seasons experienced at Nepal have varying environmental differences at all stations and this leads to the resulting different seasonal rains. ITP-Part B Part B1: Generic Factors Studying climatic conditions that affect rainfall distribution at Nepal stations was the main aim of this project. With the varying seasonal climatic changes at Nepal, different stations have different characteristics determined by ranging from elevation, longitude, latitude, temperature and seasonal changes. In this report, focus is on Napal, Tanahu, Khairanitar station, located at Latitude 28°02’, longitude 84°06’ and elevation 500. Since this region is at remote area, there are major challenges that were related to the station for data collection, which include little infrastructure for data collection and the varying environmental conditions (Hussar, 2014, 137). Prior to starting the process and set up the station, limitation in materials necessary, infrastructure there was a need to outsource materials from the available sources. Cultural differences, financial constraints, logistics, social factors to a greater extend affected the process of data collection since the environment was new and there was a need to familiarize with the area. Part B2: Surveying Factors Proper data collection needs a site with favorable conditions to ensure consistent and accurate data collection. Thus, prior to setting up the station it is important to consider factors that might hinder the success for the project. Considering such factors like economic and social factors and ecological factors would be appropriate to use in the surveying process to determine the suitability of the field for data collection (Cristina, & Luigi, 2012, 202). Some Ecological factors like water quality, water supply, hydrological characteristics, climate, and land soil characteristics can greatly help assessing the area suitability for data collection. When the site survey is done and the field is determined suitable for data collection and ready to start the construction process, it is important to consider type of material that need to be used in construction of the site. When choosing these materials, the main factors that should be considered are to ensure that the materials are environmentally benign. Having approved the site for data collection, the last this to consider is if there might be future uncertainties in the region that might affect data collection process. Part B3 - Civil & Structural Engineering Factors Civil and structural procedures that are required in setting up the station are very crucial. It is important to identify any factors that may affect rainwater harvesting, storage tank dimensions, water delivery system, piping used, choice of materials, roads in the area, or any other obstacles in the area that can affect water collection process (Fiona, 2009, 102). The region might have heavy rains accompanied by high winds that might destroy or damage data collection equipment. These factors should be considered to ensure that there is smooth data collection in the entire period. Other factors like storage facilities and roofs might act as barriers to accurate data collection leading to error in the final data (Jensen, 2010, 57). Therefore, ensuring the site where the equipment is set up there is proper drainage, material used, storage tank, and foundation design are compliant to proper data collection will ensure accuracy in data collection. Topography of the area, soil characteristics and location of the site can be a key determinant in site selection and construction. This requires careful consideration to avoid any inconveniences that might lead errors in the raw data collected. This way the results of the experiment will ensure that all the aims of the experiment and data collection process are achieved successfully. Part B4 - Electrical Engineering Factors Understanding electrical aspect of the project is necessary to ensure that, monitoring systems, maintenance, electrical shut off valves, viability of water collection for green energy process and powering any available water pumps is important. Therefore, it is important to have proper knowledge and be at a position to utilize the available resources to develop the expected procedures that will lead to success of the entire project. In the event that some of the electrical aspects like water collection for renewable energy generation, it may reduce the need to source electrical power necessary for the project. This in major way it will help in controlling the challenges expected in the field thus making the area inhabitable for data collection. Part B5 - Mechanical Engineering Factors Data collection requires accuracy. Before setting the entire project equipment, the mechanical aspect of the project must be put into consideration to ensure that floaters, pumps and any filtration system are in good working condition (Ralph, & Carl, 2012, 97). This will ensure that incase of valves required for tanks shut off and filtration system for water. Proper, use of the mechanical aspect in the project development ensures for consistency and minimizes the chance to have faults that may lead possible errors in data collection. Bibliography Jensen, G., 2010, Cryo-EM Part A: Sample Preparation and Data Collection: Sample Preparation and Data Collection, Part 1, New York, Academic Press. Ralph, P. & Carl, H. W., 2012, Factors that Affect the Precision of Mechanical Tests, Issue 1025, New York, ASTM International. Fiona, C., 2009, Structural Engineer's Pocket Book, 2nd Edition, Oxford, Elsivier. Cristina, D. & Luigi, F., 2012, Survey Data Collection and Integration, New York, Springer Science & Business Media. Hussar, W., 2014, Projections of Education Statistics to 2014, New York, DIANE Publishing. Read More