Design of Plastic Sheets Making Machine - Lab Report Example

Design of plastic sheets making machine Design of plastic sheets making machine Student’s Name Professor’s Name Course Title Date Table of Contents Introduction 3 The problem 3 Specification of machine 3 The machine 5 Container 6 Conclusion 9 Summary of engineering 9 Introduction In line with modern world requirement of environmental sustainability, there is need to produce equipments that are environment friendly. Our Company intends to produce plastic sheets from recycled materials such as recycled soft drink bottles and other plastics. This project has been inspired by the construction of eco-friendly stadiums in Brazil for the football world cup. The designed machine will provide people of Nepal a chine that will help in environmental cleaning as well as produce plastics sheets for natural lighting of homes and offices. The machine will produces plastic sheets that are sustainable from recycled plastics sheets. The problem Most modern houses have rooms that do not have enough natural light and the company is intending to make produce a wide range of roofing sheets from recycled plastic sheets thus needs a machine to do this job. Specification of machine The geometry of the machine consists of a horizontal section 1000 m long with 10 compartments of 10mm internal width. The sheets will be cooled horizontally. The width of machine will be 0.5m internally. It will have other specifications as follows; Item Measurement (unit) Way of fixing material Vacuum absorbing Transporting melted plastic Pneumatic conveying belt sheet thickness 10mm Length of internal area 1000mm Width of internal area 500mm Resolution ratio 0.050mm Max speed 900mm/s Working time and character Continuous work and linear high-speed transmission for data. Capacity of buffer area 5 sheets Standard Pressure 101300 Internal lining steel Outside lining Timber Bend factor 0.6 Machine structure Hopper of collecting plastic, heating container, driving system, control system, frame, pump, Voltage AC 240v±10% 50Hz Dimension of machine(LxWxH) 15000x2000x2000   (mm) Design steps and the logic sequences Step 1; identify the measurement of machine Step 2: identify onset production capacity Step 3: ambient air and constant base temperature as 300oK and 380oK Step 4: determine the absolute pressure as 1.0bar Step 5: determine the transfer characteristics of using Where subscript f is the temperature, C and n are constants C and n, is Reynolds number based on the maximum velocity occurring in the container, i on Step 6: determine the flow over a bank of tubes (or fins) is the pressure drop by employing the following formulae to Where Gmax = mass velocity at minimum flow area, kg/m2s, ρ = density evaluated at free-stream conditions, kg/m3 , N = number of transverse rows, μw = viscosity evaluated at surface temperature, Pa.s, μb = average free-stream viscosity, Pa.s, The empirical friction factor f’ is given by: The machine The machine will have a section of melting the plastic bottles before transporting it using Pneumatic conveying before passing through an opening of 1m X 0.5m and 10mm thick. The machine will The construction and installation of these sheets will create a wide range of jobs for the local people and a possibility for an added income source for the community. The plastic bottles will be melted down, and extruded into flat sheets. This will make the basis of the roofing sheets. The sheets will then form into corrugations, this is to serve two purposes, to add strength to the sheets, as well as aiding in the water proofing of the design. Due to a large portion of the design being recycled materials, this will keep costs lows in the construction process. This design will be simply installing into the already existing corrugated iron roofs in the same procedure as installing an iron roof. Figure 1: cooling section Container Container internal volume (full volume) V=h x b x l = (200-500-10) x (500-50-10) x (500-50-10) =27,109,000 mm3 To determine how many sheets cm unit produce, let find the volume a 1 sheet container sheet) Vsheet=1000x500x10=5000 000mm3 = 5000cm3 Number of sheet produced by full Container (unit) = 27109/5000= 5 sheets Then from each patch we can have 5 sheets Calculations will be made to prove the force of the wind will not break the sheet. The average wind speed is 30m/s this is not high winds. The standard wind speed used for wind pressure calculations is 147.6km/h, or 41m/s. from this value the pressure can be calculated: Where = wind pressure (Pa) = Density of air, valued at 1.2 kg/m3 = velocity of the air (m/s) = aerodynamic shape factor, taken as “one” in this case. = Dynamic response factor, taken as “one” in this case. From this equation it can be stated that the wind pressure is equal to: . Then using the Equation for a “Moment” Where M = Moment, P = Pressure (Pa), L = Length of Sheet (mm). The moment of impact for the wind force can calculated as . The Equation for stress can then be used to calculate the total stress the wind will cause on the plastic sheet: Where = Stress (MPa) Half the cross sectional height or thickness of the sheet, in this case 5mm. The moment of inertia, in this case taken as This gives a stress of on the plastic sheet from wind forces. It is known that PET plastics can withstand (Mat Web: Material Property Data, 2014) before they break, meaning the stress caused by the wind forces is well within what the plastic can handle, marking a PET plastic sheet as safe against gale-force winds. For high pressure system and where the material has to be fed into a system that is, maintained at a high pressure itself, blow tanks are common type that used. The sides of the machine Figure 2: Section A Figure 3: Section B Figure 4: system of the machine Conclusion The designed machine was a simple model that used steel and timber form a part of the machine that cools the melted plastic larva to make plastic sheets. The design was done successfully to understand the methods of sheets measurement and the concepts of flow process that happens inside machine. Determining the velocity along a machine by the measurement of transfer of heat and cooling process and the application of the Bernoulli’s principle in determining the velocity were done successfully. Summary of engineering The designed machine uses a self contained process of melting, purifying and making of sheets with an inbuilt controller function. In this engineering set up, the method that was utilized involved altering parameters under investigations and measuring their corresponding sheets measurements. The justifications for this engineering machine is based on the fact that people require equipment that will help in plastic sheets for roofing of homes and Kernels and poultry houses, since they are expensive in the market. There is a need to therefore formulate ways and methods of ensuring such processes attain maximum utilization of the available resources at a controlled approach. References Palram Industries Ltd. (2014). Company Profile. Retrieved from http://www.palram.com/About_Palram Palram Industries Ltd. (2006). PALRUF® 177 / 51 (5,6 waves) Installation Guide. Retrieved from http://www.palram.com/AllResults?searchbox=PALRUF%205,6%20Waves%20Installation%20guide Australian/New Zealand Standards. (2014). Structural Design Actions: Part 2: Wind Actions. Retrieved from http://0-www.saiglobal.com.alpha2.latrobe.edu.au/PDFTemp/osu-2014-05-12/7474755945/1170.2-2011(+A3).pdf Plastic Recyclers Pty Ltd. (2012). Product List. Retrieved from http://www.plasticrecyclers.com.au/product-list.htm Autodesk: Sustainability Workshop. (2011). Measuring light levels. Retrieved from http://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/measuring-light-levels OneSteel Reinforcing. (2014). REODATA 4.0: Essential technical data on steel reinforcing. Retrieved from http://www.reinforcing.com.au/~/media/OneSteel%20Reinforcing/Case%20Study%20PDFs/Technical%20Resources%20PDFs/REODATA40.pdf Mat Web: Material Property Data. (2014). Flexural Strength Testing of Plastics. Retrieved from http://www.matweb.com/reference/flexuralstrength.aspx Read More