The Services and Safety in the Airport: Proper and Efficient Communication - Essay Example

AIRPORT PLANNING Name Institution Instructor Institution Course Date Introduction Airport planning involves a systematic analysis of the guidelines that are involved in the construction of an airport which is efficient and safer in terms of security and aircraft movements. These airports should be consistent with the local and intentional standards. During airport planning and management, it is of concern to consider some factors that are crucial in managing the airport and ensuring safety of both passengers and the aircrafts as well as any automated machine present in the airport (Brown et al., 2010, p. 34). Expanding the airport to meet the code C aircrafts require inventory analysis of the existing infrastructure in order to establish whether they meet the specification to accommodate the Boeing. The management of the airport systems is also crucial in ensuring proper and efficient communication of all activities in the airport. Efficient transport system is one of the infrastructures that attracts tourists an investor in a country. The management and proper planning of an airport to international standards determine the capacity and type of visitors using the airport (Young & Wells, 2011, p. 97). Additionally, the facilities available at the airport will also attract of prevent tourists and visitors from using the airport. Therefore, it important to develop a master plan that incorporates all planning and management activities in the airport to ensure efficient service delivery at the airport (Graham, 2012, p. 46). The aim of airport master plans is to propose to the relevant authorities on the way the airport management intends to undertakes the strategic framework in developing the airport ton an international airport (Mazaheri et al., 2011, p. 3501). Additionally, the airport master plan seeks to address the future land use, transport and economic process of planning and application of the planning process to accommodate the Boeing. . The operators of all airports are required to maintain an airport master plan which contained the development framework. This paper explains the various considerations that are contained in an airport master plan which is to be used in the expansion of local airport to accommodate the larger Boeing aircraft. The master plan should address such factors but not limited to inventory of the existing facilities, forecasts, infrastructure proposal, surface access initiatives, impact of the expansion or planning on the people and environment, minimization and mitigation of impacts and safeguarding land and property take. Inventory of Existing Facilities In the master plan, it is of concern to review of the existing facilities. This helps in determining the nature of these facilities and the improvement required. This involves the collection and evaluation of the existing facilities and information related to the airport facilities and the surrounding communities (Young & Wells, 2011, p. 24). This inventory is useful since it lays out the foundation for the development of the airport master plan. Additionally, this information will determine the changes that will be made on the airport land and the effect of the master plan on the community and the environment. In this section, the description of the facilities in the airport will be documented. The nature and efficiency of the taxiways, aircraft runways, parking aprons, navigational aids, terminals, cargo areas, the general location of the airport, and all the aviation supporting facilities. This analysis will be evaluated to determine whether these facilities meet the required standards for the Code C aircrafts or need improvement such as expansion of size to meet the requirement of the Boeing. Additionally their effect on the community in case they are upgraded will also be addressed. The role of the airport in the community development sis also described in the inventory. The location of the airport and the access routes, and the relationship of the airport to other modes or transport such as road, railways and water transport is also provided (Mazaheri et al., 2011, p. 3505). There is the need to establish the community plans and the regional plans that may influence the master plan of the airport. This is because such developments may have a direct impact on the surrounding community which may affect the master plan especially when there is the need to expand the airport to the surrounding communities. The information from the inventory will be obtained from different sources such interviewing the communities, mangers of various departments in the airport and reviewing the previous planning process on the airport. Additionally, the information may be obtained from the airport authority statistics and aviation authorities of the country. Demand Forecasts Demand forecasting is required to determine the number of passengers that are projected to visit the airport. Since the master planning is to accommodate more passenger due to large size of the aircrafts, there is the need to project the number of passengers. This forecast is based on the historical background of the airport and the information gathered in the inventory. This is done using either formal or informal methods such as guessing or predicting the number of expected passengers. This demand forecasting is done to determine the future requirements in the master plan (Brown et al., 2010, p. 36). This passenger demand forecast is useful in determine the capacity of the airport in the master plan. Therefore, in preparing the master plan, the operators or management should be able to project the number of passengers, the economic growth in terms of oil prices, and the capacity of the airport. The forecast is useful in developing the nature of the runways, access routes and other areas where passenger will place their cargos (Scarpel, 2013, p. 36). Identification of Critical Aircraft Inn times of critical situation, handling of the Boeing requires a safer landing on an open airfield. The airport should identify a critical area which used for the landing of critical aircrafts. This is followed be development of a good infrastructure such as aircraft runways which should be separated from other runways. Additionally, critical aircrafts are allowed to land in the critical areas whenever they experience any technical problem. The engineers and constructors should ensure a well-established communication systems which connects the relevant aviation authority and the critic al area. This is to avoid any confusion in identifying a critical aircraft (Hoel et al., 2010, p. 89). Planning Parameters The parameters that need to be considered in airport planning include, speed, capacity, costs and geometrics. The intended capacity and the speed of the aircrafts during landing should be calculated in advance before the planning and construction (Solak et al., 2009, p. 661). This will determine the nature and size of the runways and terminals as well as other resting places and cargo areas. Since the Boeing has the capacity to carry a large number of passengers, the capacity of the areas such as guiding areas should be larger enough. The capacity of the station bay and the guide way capacity is also necessary. The planners should consider the vehicle occupancy and speed in the guide way. The high speed of the aircraft means that there should be speed post signs stuck on the runways and taxiways to guide the operators. This will include the construction of safety wall in the guide way and determine the relevant speed limit for the vehicles in the guide ways. The speed of the runways and taxiways should be determined and relevant posters and displayed on the sides of the runways and taxiways (Madas et al., 2008, 204). Airport Infrastructure The master plan should include a statement of the intended infrastructure of the airport. The construction of the airport infrastructure should meet certain requirements (Hoel et al., 2010, p. 12). Runways This is the portion of the airfield in which the aircrafts take off and land. The larger size of the Boeing means that the runways should be larger and spacious to accommodate it. This area should be of the required length and size (Horowitz & Santos, 2009, p. 359).The runways should be constructed in a way that it enhances good and effective communication during the landing and taking off the aircraft. The runways should also have the required markings to guide the aircrafts in the proper direction and enhance effective communication between the operators (Young & Wells, 2011, p. 128). The runways serve both directions hence there should be proper markings for those runways that are serving one directions. These pavement markings on the runways also server to indicate the landing zone and other zones foe specific aircrafts. Additionally. The runways should also have the proper threshold, designation, and precision markings. In planning the airport master plan, the runways should be designed in such a way that it has sections (Benedetto, 2002, p. 668). The runways safety area is the most cleared and should be free from any kind of obstacles to ensure safe take-off and landing of the aircrafts. To ensure smooth landing and take-off, the runway safety area is cleared and marked correctly marked for easy rolling of the aircrafts. The runways should also have blast pads which are constructed at the beginning of the runways to prevent the erosion of the ground surface. These blast should be of the required standard to hold the large size of the aircrafts. Additionally, there are overrun which are constructed at the end of the runways which facilitates the safety stoppage of the aircraft that may overrun the safe landing in case of wrong landing (Brown et al., 2010, p. 36). Taxiways In addition to the runways, there are taxiways that facilitate the movement of the aircrafts from the runways to other areas of the airfield. The taxiways also have requirements just like the runways systems (Brown et al., 2010, p. 37). These taxiways should be larger enough to accommodate the Boeing since during landing and taking off. They are marked and different intervals such as the centreline and pavement lines of the taxiways. These areas should also have the proper marking to ensure safety of the aircrafts. Moreover, there should be proper signs on the taxiways, proper lighting systems, and guides. Apart from the guidance signs, there are mandatory signs that are installed on the sides of the taxiways (Horowitz & Santos, 2009, p. 364). Terminal apron This is the area in where the aircrafts are parked after landing and before take-off. In addition, these areas server as unloading, fuelling and boarding zone. This area should be designed with the proper labels and markings and lighting systems. The areas should be larger enough to accommodate the larger size of the aircraft. Proper coordination is necessary especially during unloading since the size of the aircraft means that it carries lot of cargo. This means that the loading and unloading terminal apron should be larger enough. Additionally this area is controlled by the apron management problem who provide coordination between the users of the apron. This is to ensure safety and avoid confusion of the users (Young & Wells, 2011, p. 58). Navigation aids and support facilities It is necessary to ensure a good navigation system which can direct the operators on the ground and the operators in the aircraft. This include lighting systems, signs and pavement markings that aid the movement of aircrafts and other users of the airport. These are found on the runways and taxiways as well as the aprons. The importance of these navigation aids is to provide efficient movement of the users and the aircrafts operators (Hoel et al., 2010, p. 394). Environmental issues Due to the larger size of the Boeing, the environmental issues likely to arise include noise from the aircraft. The master planning should consider aspects such as the effect of noise and dust that may arise from the activities of the airport (Vogiatzis, 2012, p. 164). This will facilitate the location of the landing and runways. The noise that comes from the airport may have negative effects on the surrounding communities such as schools and hospitals. In containing or minimizing noise, the master plan should incorporate technologies that ensure mitigation and restriction landing in order to minimize the effects of noise in the airport and its surroundings (Vogiatzis, 2012, p. 166). Additionally, the emissions and discharges from the aircrafts of the airport should be addressed. This include the forecasting of hazardous gases such carbon dioxides and sulphur dioxide. The pollutants from the airport activities may affect the surrounding water due to release of effluents that may contaminate the surrounding air and cause respiratory illnesses. Moreover, the storage of the aircraft fuel should be separated from any flammable agents in order to avoid risks of accidents and fire in the airport. This is because the aircraft is known to consume a lot of fuel due to large fuel tank. (Brown et al., 2010, p. 36). Development staging and budgeting costs The development staging involves the process of informing the relevant authorities. Upon approvals of the master plan, the construction and engineers responsible for executing the planning prepare he budgets and the costs involved in the whole planning process. Additionally, the framework for the planning and expansion of the airport is laid down. The budget involves the funds involved in the expansion of the airport from planning to completion of the improvement process of the airport (Young & Wells, 2011, p. 47). Conclusion Proper planning of the airport includes making an analysis of all existing facilities and making an inventory of what facilities require improvement and what is to be constructed of installed in order to improve the services and safety in the airport. The management of the airport systems is also crucial in ensuring proper and efficient communication of all activities in the airport. Efficient transport system is one of the infrastructures that attracts tourists an investor in a country. During construction of the infrastructure of the airport, safety measure and requirements should be adhered. Therefore, proper planning is essential in ensuring that the upgrading of the airport meets the required international standards. References Benedetto, A., 2002. A decision support system for the safety of airport runways: the case of heavy rainstorms. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 36(8): pp. 665-682 Brown, L., National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board, Airport Cooperative Research Program, & United States. Federal Aviation Administration, 2010. Airport Passenger Terminal Planning and Design: Guidebook. Washington, D.C: Transportation Research Board Graham, A., 2012. Managing Airports. London: Routledge Hoel, L., Garber, N., & Sadek, A., 2010. Transportation Infrastructure Engineering: A Multimodal Integration, SI Version. Connecticut: Cengage Learning Horowitz, B., & Santos, J., 2009. Runway safety at airports: A systematic approach for implementing ultra-safe options. Journal of Air Transport Management, 15(6): pp. 357-36 Madas, M., & Zografos, K., 2008. Airport capacity vs. demand: Mismatch or mismanagement? Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 42(1): pp. 203-226. Mazaheri, M., Johnson, G., & Morawka, L., 2011. An inventory of particle and gaseous emissions from large aircraft thrust engine operations at an airport Original Research Article Atmospheric Environment, 45(20): pp. 3500-3507. Scarpel, R., 2013. Forecasting air passengers at São Paulo International Airport using a mixture of local expert’s model. Journal of Air Transport Management, 26: pp. 35-39 Solak, S., Clarke, J., & Johnson, E., 2009. Airport terminal capacity planning. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 43(6): pp. 659-676. Vogiatzis, K., 2012. Airport environmental noise mapping and land use management as an environmental protection action policy tool. The case of the Larnaka International Airport (Cyprus). Science of The Total Environment, 424: pp.162-173. Young, S., & Wells, A., 2011. Airport Planning and Management. New York: McGraw-Hill Education Appendix: Illustration of runways and taxiways in airfield Read More

There is the need to establish the community plans and the regional plans that may influence the master plan of the airport. This is because such developments may have a direct impact on the surrounding community which may affect the master plan especially when there is the need to expand the airport to the surrounding communities. The information from the inventory will be obtained from different sources such interviewing the communities, mangers of various departments in the airport and reviewing the previous planning process on the airport.

Additionally, the information may be obtained from the airport authority statistics and aviation authorities of the country. Demand Forecasts Demand forecasting is required to determine the number of passengers that are projected to visit the airport. Since the master planning is to accommodate more passenger due to large size of the aircrafts, there is the need to project the number of passengers. This forecast is based on the historical background of the airport and the information gathered in the inventory.

This is done using either formal or informal methods such as guessing or predicting the number of expected passengers. This demand forecasting is done to determine the future requirements in the master plan (Brown et al., 2010, p. 36). This passenger demand forecast is useful in determine the capacity of the airport in the master plan. Therefore, in preparing the master plan, the operators or management should be able to project the number of passengers, the economic growth in terms of oil prices, and the capacity of the airport.

The forecast is useful in developing the nature of the runways, access routes and other areas where passenger will place their cargos (Scarpel, 2013, p. 36). Identification of Critical Aircraft Inn times of critical situation, handling of the Boeing requires a safer landing on an open airfield. The airport should identify a critical area which used for the landing of critical aircrafts. This is followed be development of a good infrastructure such as aircraft runways which should be separated from other runways.

Additionally, critical aircrafts are allowed to land in the critical areas whenever they experience any technical problem. The engineers and constructors should ensure a well-established communication systems which connects the relevant aviation authority and the critic al area. This is to avoid any confusion in identifying a critical aircraft (Hoel et al., 2010, p. 89). Planning Parameters The parameters that need to be considered in airport planning include, speed, capacity, costs and geometrics.

The intended capacity and the speed of the aircrafts during landing should be calculated in advance before the planning and construction (Solak et al., 2009, p. 661). This will determine the nature and size of the runways and terminals as well as other resting places and cargo areas. Since the Boeing has the capacity to carry a large number of passengers, the capacity of the areas such as guiding areas should be larger enough. The capacity of the station bay and the guide way capacity is also necessary.

The planners should consider the vehicle occupancy and speed in the guide way. The high speed of the aircraft means that there should be speed post signs stuck on the runways and taxiways to guide the operators. This will include the construction of safety wall in the guide way and determine the relevant speed limit for the vehicles in the guide ways. The speed of the runways and taxiways should be determined and relevant posters and displayed on the sides of the runways and taxiways (Madas et al.

, 2008, 204). Airport Infrastructure The master plan should include a statement of the intended infrastructure of the airport. The construction of the airport infrastructure should meet certain requirements (Hoel et al., 2010, p. 12). Runways This is the portion of the airfield in which the aircrafts take off and land. The larger size of the Boeing means that the runways should be larger and spacious to accommodate it.

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