Advanced Systems Design Project - Essay Example

 ADVANCED SYSTEM DESIGN PROJECT Introduction/Summary of the Project The reactive architecture fully depends on the perception versus the reaction principle. Such automations will not use the direct communication or the environmental representation. The cooperation between the surveyors will be based on the bio-inspired techniques like indirect communication, signal broad casting and the direct perception. Conversely, the deliberate architecture of the device will be dependent on the environment representation, high level communications, and rich sensors which enables the planning actions. The paper will design a device that will be capable of surveying a field autonomously. The device will have applications that are related to water course management, archeology, and development. The device will also be in a position to autonomously generate the field’s topological map with no or minimal direction from operators. The architecture will assume that quality of landscape is smooth and easily monitor. Additionally, the device will be in a position to carry modules that performs the survey of the specialist. Some of the modules will include radar that will penetrate the ground, ph. among other control devices attached to it. Consequently, the device and provide the service and size requirement for the device. Therefore, the paper will provide the architecture, module, and operation of the automated landscape topography device that will help the surveying operators to survey their field autonomously (Bissiri et al., 2008). (BASS, 2010). Reason to implement the system The motive behind the architectures is using simple rules and structures to carry out complex tasks. For this reason, the communication from the surveying device will be limited to displaying of simple signals to the operators. Due to its immobility problem, the device will be placed on a carriage that will facilitate its movement. The machine will be made to move with the help of the simple mobile robots. The robots will be in a position to read the obstacles and will be able to react to the signals. The aim of the robot will be recruiting the other simple robots to make the carriage to be displaced. The goal can be achieved by achieving signals from the two ends. The signal will be transmitted within a shorter confined and circular area as shown in the figure below The reason behind implementing the system is to collect the information of a landscape and also measure the movement of the building and its landscape. The equipment will also closely monitor the landscape and the building and mitigate some of the potential damages that might occur on the landscape (Whitmore, Thompson and Speert, 2009). Overall Concept Device Architecture The device will have a paralyzed robot that will be in a position to reach a certain point via a lee way that can be determined before the implementation of the system. The device will not be in a position to move, therefore, the device will be limited to the help of the emitting signals. For the device to be pushed in a certain section, the operator will control the rewuest of the machine by emiting the signals from various sections. To carry out the task the operators will be in a position to carry out the perception of the system that will be used in determining the error of the paper. The device will also have the two signal emitters for the carriage which are aimed at attracting the mobile robors and in transmitting the forces required to move the device in various directions. The signal intensity is dependent of the translation and rotation that is needed by the agent to move it in their prospected direction. The intensity of the signal will changes as the device moves. The formulae below shows the intensity of the signal that will used on the device. Additionally, the flowchart below outlines the behavior of the paralyzed agent. The automatic device instrument will function by detecting the latitude and altitudes through various processes. The detection of the energy that will be emitted will be important in coming up with topographical maps. However the device will only be able to detect a specific location that it will cover for the map. The efficiency of the device will vary from one instrument to the other. It is assumed that the device will only be able to see specific sections of the landscape. Therefore, it will be important to extrapolate the right landscape from the one that is tabulated. The device will also be in a position to measure the angle. The conventional systems of measuring angle need micrometers to interpolate and read the inscribed theodolite glass plate. Presently the measurement for the electronic is completed with the help of the two techniques called the absolute techniques and the incremental measurement (Bissiri et al., 2008). Additionally, the system will have an axis compensation that will correct for errors in the vertical and horizontal axis. The system will use the plate bubble for leveling. It also used the pendulum sensor for the compensator of the vertical axis. The device will also comprise of the electronic metal detectors, gradiometers, and total stations with Data collectors, GPS survey receivers, DGPS (Differential Global Positioning Systems), Total Station Systems, and Field Laptop Computer Systems. The attached modules will help the machine to take measurements on day to day basis and will detect errors that might occur on their reading. The information will then be sent to the project remotely (Holdich and Wilson, 2010). Development of the System, The device will use the environment until the attractive signals will be emitted by the paralyzed robot. The behavior will then move in the direction of the signal. Due to this, the robot will arrive near that carriage and will then collide with it so that a force could be applied on it. However the task will be precise so that the agent could place it correctly and then push it beside the arm of the carriage. For this to happen, there will be two simple behaviors following the signal as shown in the figure below The automatic surveying device will be calibrated. It will be manipulated to indicate and respond to certain ranges of values that will be relevant and acceptable. Accurate calibration of the device will be important in the surveying program. Proper calibration will make sure that the machine will be able to detect the errors. It will also be fundamental to comprehend the calibration and how the calibration will be done. The calibration will measure the response of the device to various landscape counts. During the calibration of the device certain factors will be minimized or even eliminated if they cause inaccurate counts. These will form the fundamental instrumentation aspect of the design of the device (Holdich and Wilson, 2010). The calibration will outline the quality and accuracy of the instrument using various modules that will be attached to the device. The architecture put into consideration the quality and the outline of the measurement that were recorded using the modules when measuring certain parameter like the altitude, latitude, and also the length of the landscape. For the operators to be confident with the calibration, the operation will carry out frequent evaluation for reliable, accurate, and repeatable measurements to the device. The efficiency of the device will vary from one instrument to the other. It is assumed that the device will only be able to see specific sections of the landscape. Therefore, it will be important to extrapolate the right landscape from the one that is tabulated. The device will also be in a position to measure the angle. Detail of the Proposal Technical Research The system will have various developments connected to it. Some of the profound development will include the measurement of electronic angle, compensation of the axis, robotics and motorization onboard software development, memory management and storage media, and onboard software development. During the development of the angle measurement, the micrometers will be used in reading and interpolating the inscribed theodolite of the glass plate. When measuring the electronic angle, techniques used will include the absolute measurement and incremental measurement (Mitchell, 2010). The device will also incorporate the automatic axis compensation that will correct the errors in the vertical and horizontal axis. Consequently, the system will use the plate bubble for the pendulum sensor and the horizontal leveling for the compensator of the vertical axis. The electronic tilt sensors are normally liquid type systems for compensation with photodiode detection and magnetic detection. On this stage, the single axis compensation will correct the tilts that happen on the vertical axis as shown below The dual axis compensation will correct the inclination of vertical axis on the pointing direction and the trunion axis direction. The axis produces the errors on horizontal angles especially in vertical slights. As shown below . The motorized system will also be characterized by the vertical and horizontal servo motor, motors that operate at slow and high speed (Langley, 2010). The device will not require screws. This will be good for setting out the points. The motorized is shown below The approximate costing for the device will be approximately $12000 to $16000. . The device will also have a self-tracking system that will allow the tracking of the prism. Some of the important modules for the system will be the fundamental motorized system plus, the laser tracking system that will be parallel to the lens system, high speed tracks, and automatic search routine when the lock is lost. For this reason focus will be found helpful in such a system. The device will be designed to be faster and accurate than pointing of human (W, 2008). The system will also be made to operate at night and in conditions when light system is low. The system will also have an inbuilt communication that will indicate that the system is actually working. The device will also have the robotic system that will include features such as telemetry link, the remote control unit that will contain the pad entry. The robotic system will also allow only a single person. The surveyors will also need the assistance when the legs are placed. The robotic system is as shown in below The robotic system will be approximately $30000-$40000. . The device will have reflector less total stations. The station will be designed to allow the measurement to virtual the surface without using the prism. The station will be characterized to approximately 80m without the prism; it will also measure the structures and building with a single person for instance the tunnel profiling. Additionally, the station will also be limited by the light conditions and the surface reflectance. During the development of the angle measurement, the micrometers will be used in reading and interpolating the inscribed theodolite of the glass plate. When measuring the electronic angle, techniques used will include the absolute measurement and incremental measurement. Component/Device Selection The features of essential hardware recording facility include the storage capacity such as a day’s fieldwork. Another feature is that the recorded data should be protected against accidental keystrokes as well as accidental loss. In addition, the data that has been recorded should be protected against backup battery system and accidental power failure. The Ram and Rom memories should be secured against interference from other electronic sources as well as other radio transmissions. Another feature is that power supply should be enough for a day’s operation. The facility that records data should be able to interface with other electronic survey equipment (Sanford, 2012). Additionally, the facility that records data should be capable of interfacing with other equipment used in computing. Other features include the display being visible in the day’s condition, the data recording facility should incorporate full alphanumeric display and the facility should also allow the manual data recording through the keyboard. Moreover, the utilization of the facility used for data recording should not interrupt the accuracy or the functions of the electronic surveying equipment. Basing on essential software, the recording facility is, efficient, flexible, easily understood and logical. It has alphanumeric that prompts information when the data is a recording mode. The software also allows non-measurement information to be recorded. It allows efficient data transfer especially the digital type of data from electronic surveying equipment. Apart from that, it also allows for the efficient transfer of data recorded in a computer. The data collected is often measured and recorded without disruption by the users. The information recorded should also be tagged. Digital surveying equipment has done away with the need to record information in a field book; instead the information is entered in a data recorder by pressing of a button. A field book becomes purely a diagrammatic or descriptive representation of the survey. The information entered in a data recorder should be tagged to allow them to be related with the points that were surveyed. In general, the method employed to tag measurements is called field coding system. The information entered in a surveyors field book include; graphic information, measurement information, descriptive information and registration information. The following systems are the most commonly used systems in electronic coding. They include comprehensive numeric system, simple numeric system and simple mnemonic system. There are various components in the development of total stations (New developments in automated tunnel surveying systems, 2014). Some of the developments entail motorization and robotics, axis compensation, development of electronic angle measurement, storage of media and memory management and development in on board software. Basing on the development of the angle measurement system, traditional angle measurement system requires the utilization of micrometers to interpolate and read the inscribed glass plate. Electronic angle measurement is often completed by absolute measurements as well as incremental measurements. With regard to axis compensation, automatic axis compensation often corrects errors in tilts in vertical and horizontal axes. Convectional systems utilize a pendulum sensor for the vertical axis compensator as well as a plate bubble for the horizontal leveling (Sanford, 2012). Electronic tilt sensors are considered liquid type of compensation system that has either photodiode detection or magnetic detection. Single axis compensation corrects the tilt in the vertical axis. Dual axis compensation often corrects the inclination in the direction of the trunion axis and the direction of the pointing. Axis produces errors in the horizontal angles and more so in the steep vertical sights. Motorized systems on the other hand are characterized by very well for setout of points, vertical and horizontal servo motors, a price of approximately $12-$16K and no tangent screws needed. Integration into the System Survey devices can help determine a point located in the coordinate system through utilization of survey instruments that are made up of digital level and an integrated optical total station that entails measuring an angle in relation to the point. The angles can be recorded about a vertical axis of the survey device with the axis being aligned to the local gravity vector. This method involves calculating a distance between the survey devices and the point utilizing electronic distance measuring devices. Many different types of survey devices are employed in construction and surveying as well as other application to measure distance, elevations and angles. For instance an optical total station is often utilized to measure distance and angle of points or objects of interest. Utilizing the distances and angles, object or point elevation can be computed through the use of techniques that are well known. A digital level device is often used to measure the elevation of points or objects of interest. Digital levels most often utilize imaging technology to help calculate distance between various points (James and Quinton, 2013). The instruments information can be used to calculate positions of the objects or points in a real or local world coordinate system while digital levels and optical stations are commonly utilized to calculate elevations, distances and angles, enhanced methods and instruments are desired to improve measurement accuracy, lower the cost of measurement and reduce the measurement time. Embodiments of the recent invention offers improved methods and instruments for measuring distance, angles and elevations. For instance an embodiment of the current invention offers a method of calculating a position of a point found in the local coordinate through utilization of survey instruments comprising of an integrated digital and optical total station. A total station theodolite is an optical or electronic instrument that is used utilized in modern surveying. It is often integrated with an electronic distance meter that helps to read distances in the slope from one particular point to the other. Robotic total stations help the operator to control the device from certain distance through a remote control. This often cancels the need for an assistant since the operator is able to control the device from an observed point. A surveyor depends on their devices to acquire accurate measurement easily and quickly (James and Quinton, 2013). Many types of surveying devices have been utilized in the past and present to help surveyors to calculate numerous parameters of land. Each of the parameter is calculated or measured by employing a specific type of measuring equipment. Through the combination of various survey devices, data maintenance and integration across various life cycles of projects has enabled surveyors to make well informed decisions, to deliver final output to clients, enable collaboration capabilities, and improve work flows as well as increasing productivity. Various methods can be integrated into the various developments such as motorization and robotics, developments in board software, axis compensation as well as development of the electronic angle measurement. The measurements can be integrated in the various devices to enhance the survey automated system. The electronic data recording will be embedded to receive data from the equipment and store the information in a reliable and secure storage medium. The electronic data recording will be the one shown below The automated surveying equipment will also have the coding systems that will be detailed to illustrate the common utilized systems such as simple numeric systems, simple alpha systems and the comprehensive numeric system. In simple numeric system, the codes will be divided into groups. The string codes will be used in differentiating the graphical features. The illustration for the coding process will be as shown below In alpha system the string code will be used in combination of the feature code to distinguish the graphical characteristics and allow for connectivity. As shown in the figure below Conclusion Some of the development associated with the device includes development of the electronic angle measurement, compensation of the axis, the robotics and motorization, development of the onboard software, memory management and storage media. Some of the critical issues that are associated with the development include costs with devices presenting different costs. The various developments have various characteristic that makes them differ from one another. The motorized system, for example, is characterized by vertical or horizontal servo motors, motors operate at slow and high speeds with an approximate price of $12 to $ 16k. The automatic device instrument will function by detecting the latitude and altitudes through various processes. The detection of the energy that will be emitted will be important in coming up with topographical maps. The automatic device instrument will function by detecting the latitude and altitudes through various processes. The detection of the energy that will be emitted will be important in coming up with topographical maps the device will operate silently and take readings of the landscape on the specific monitoring points that are installed on the landscape. The device will take measurements on day to day basis and will detect errors that might occur on their reading (BASS, 2010). The information will then be sent to the project remotely. The equipment will need a power source and the operators will work hand in hand with the owners of the property on how the power outlet will be accessed. When measuring the electronic angle, techniques used will include the absolute measurement and incremental measurement. Reference BASS, W. 2010. INSTRUMENTS FOR TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYING. School Science and Mathematics, 5(3), pp.167-172. Bissiri, Y., Baiden, G., Filion, S. and Saari, A. 2008. Automated surveying device for underground navigation. Mining Technology, 117(2), pp.71-82. Holdich, T. and Wilson, H. 2010. Topographic Surveying. The Geographical Journal, 19(1), p.75. James, M. and Quinton, J. 2013. Ultra-rapid topographic surveying for complex environments: the hand-held mobile laser scanner (HMLS). Earth Surf. Process. Landforms, 39(1), pp.138-142. Langley, R. 2010. Colloquium on Surveying and Mapping Education Educating Surveying and Mapping Professionals for the year 2000. Bulletin Géodésique, 60(1), pp.101-102. Mitchell, W. 2010. Techniques of automated design in architecture: A survey and evaluation. Computers & Urban Society, 1(1), pp.49-76. New developments in automated tunnel surveying systems. 2014. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 19(4-5), p.519. Sanford, F. 2012. The Use of a Projective Device in Attitude Surveying. Public Opinion Quarterly, 14(4), p.697. W., C. 2008. Topographic Surveying. Nature, 63(1618), pp.2-3. Whitmore, G., Thompson, M. and Speert, J. 2009. Modern Instruments for Surveying and Mapping: New surveying systems utilizing photogrammetry and electronics speed production of topographic maps. Science, 130(3382), pp.1059-1066. Read More