ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION - Assignment Example

Question One: What Are Radio Transmitters And Different Types Of Radio Transmitters? Radio transmitters are electronic devicesthat produce radio waves through the use of an antenna. These transmitters that are normally found in many other electronic devices generate frequency alternating currents for radios that are in turn applied to the antennas (Elliot, 2011). After the antennas have been excited by these currents, they start radiating radio waves. Transmitters are additionally utilized for the purposes of broadcasting and are vital equipments of communication that utilizes radio technologies (Rider, 2008). This includes equipment like cell phones, Bluetooth along with computer networks that utilize wireless technology. Transmitters are usually limited to use in equipments that are used for generating radio waves for the purpose of enabling communication (Uhrig, 2006). There are mainly three types of transmitters which are the beltpack, plug-in and handheld transmitters. The design of beltpack transmitters shows that they should be placed on the user’s body and is normally used with the help of a microphone situated outside the electronic device. They provide a lot of power to the electronic devices using batteries located on their inside (Brunetti, 2009). The plug-in type of transmitter on the other hand is made so that it can be inserted into standard dynamic microphones through their connectors. The plug-in transmitters are commonly utilized by television crews that are carrying out activities in the field. Lastly, the handheld transmitters combine microphone elements along with transmitters that have been built into one assembly line. The transmitters are commonly used in devices that will be utilized by vocalists or speakers who prefer holding onto a microphone as they communicate (Poole, 2011). Question Two: What Are Oscillator Circuits And Which Oscillator Have Been Used In The Transmitter? Oscillator circuits are electronic circuits that usually produce repetitive electronic signals which are referred to as sine or square waves. The types of signals that are generated using these oscillator circuits are broadcasted using radio along with television transmitters. The main trait of an oscillator is the frequency of its output signal (Elliot, 2011). Inverters are good examples of oscillators that are utilized for the purpose producing high powered alternate currents (AC) output from direct current (DC) supplies. There are various types of oscillators that have been utilized in transmitters which are namely the tuned-plate, tuned-grid, Hartley, colpitts, negative transconductance and electron-coupled oscillators (Rider, 2008). The oscillator used in the transmitter is the tuned-plate one and has been preferred because it has the ability of being directly earthed without having the need of directly using a blocking capacitor. It has also been used because in helps in maintaining the amplitudes of the oscillations over a certain tunable range (Elliot, 2011). Through its mechanisms of tight coupling along with maintaining very low values for its mutual inductance it is able to maintain stability in the frequencies that are being transmitted (Uhrig, 2006). Question Three: What Are Filter Circuits And What Are The Purposes Of Using It In The Receiver? Filter circuits are circuits that have been designed for the purpose of performing the task of selecting and filtering a single or a frequency particular range from a mix of frequencies that may be found within a particular circuit (Brunetti, 2009). They are normally used in high performance receivers in case a series of frequencies require amplification or suppression for production of quality sound or improving the efficiency of power. They are also used for the purpose of conditioning voltage waveforms that are non-sinusoidal in various power circuits located in the receivers (Rider, 2008). Due to the sensitivity of an electronic device to harmonics, there is a great need to condition the power entering the device to ensure they operate properly. For example, some distorted voltages from sine waves may behave like they are harmonic waveforms in addition to the fundamental frequencies entering the device (Uhrig, 2006). In this case, filter circuits will be vital for allowing only the fundamental waveforms into passing through while all the harmonic waveforms are prevented from going through. The best types of filter circuits that are commonly used are audio equalizers along with crossover networks (Poole, 2011). 1. What Is The Range Of The FM Transmitter And How You Will Increase The Range Of The Transmitter? The FM transmitter has a range of 300 feet when the transmitter is running using approximately nine volts whereas this range increases to around 400 feet when it is running on twelve volts (Brunetti, 2009). The transmitters range can be increased through a variety of methods using antennas that are powerful and raising their levels from the ground while changing their directions (Rider, 2008). The number of resistors in these transmitters can be improved from the1/4 to 1/8 W resistors while bypassing their source of power with capacitors. Increasing the transmission output powers of a transmitter increases the data transmission rates (Poole, 2011). 2. What Would Be The Effect Of Antenna Type And Length On The Quality And Transmitter Range? There are different types of antennae that range from omnidirectional to the directional types of antenna. The omnidirectional antennas are normally used when the position of a station is relatively unknown and require lesser frequencies. They are also used when cutting costs in devices that do not require directional antennas. The directional antennas on the other hand are used for the purpose of receiving frequencies whose direction is known. These antennas are mainly used in higher frequencies (Uhrig, 2006). The ground’s conductivity has very little effect on the transmission of radio waves although their reception and quality of picture type is improved through the use of antennas that are placed high above the ground facing the direction that the waves come from (Brunetti, 2009). The use of low frequency antennas that are placed in low grounds with barriers mainly brings about the reception of images and sounds that are blurred and unclear to the listening or watching audiences (Elliot, 2011). The main difference between the omnidirectional and directional antennas is that in the former radio waves come from all directions whereas in the directional ones the waves come from one direction. This therefore implies that the positioning of these two types of antennas and their respective heights have different effects on the sound and images the user receives (Rider, 2008). 3. What Would Be The Effect Of Supply Voltage, Weather Condition, Elevation Above The Ground, Line Of Sight? When the supply voltage to a transmitter is lost, an electronic device will not work as expected and when it is less than the required amount it will produce lesser performances. The weather conditions could hamper the transmission of waves by distorting them when the conditions are very adverse (Uhrig, 2006). This could result in the receivers receiving unclear messages or none at all. Elevation above the ground mainly helps in eliminating barriers to the line of sight of an antenna thereby enabling the transmission of clear signals to the satisfaction of the viewers (Poole, 2011). References Brunetti, C. (2009). FM Transmitter applications. Retrieved on June 10 from: Elliot, R. (2011). Low Power FM Transmitter. Retrieved on June 10 from: Poole, I. (2011). Radio Propagation Or Radio Wave Propagation Overview. Retrieved on June 10 from: Rider, J.F. (2008). Oscillations at work, retrieved from Uhrig, S. (2006). How to Make Your Radios Talk Further. Retrieved on June 10 from: Read More